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Shoulder pain is a very common complaint, and affects as many as 20% of all people at some point during their lives. Despite the availability of more advanced imaging modalities, X-ray remains the first imaging test to be performed in the investigation of any shoulder pain. However, with their increasing availability, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have in recent years become first-line techniques for the diagnostic imaging of the shoulder. Moreover, ultrasound of the shoulder is increasingly performed in lieu of radiography. Nevertheless, many patients who visit a shoulder specialist for their pain are referred by a family physician or community orthopedist without an X-ray having ever been performed. Shoulder pain can be caused by many conditions, including rotator cuff tears, calcification within the tendons of the rotator cuff, stiff shoulder, subacromial impingement, space-occupying lesions, degenerative changes, and rheumatoid arthritis. This paper reviews various types of shoulder injury and the radiographic symptomatology of each, with the goal of encouraging the use of radiography by demonstrating the importance of this basic tool in the diagnostic process for these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: CVFs are common, with several classification systems available. We have encountered osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) with PDF, a never-described fracture pattern.This study evaluates this unique fracture's characteristics., Methods: Retrospective study of surgically treated OVFs during 2016 to 2020., Results: Of 105 patients, 85 had classifiable OVFs and 20 had uni-PDF (n = 10, 9.5%) or bi-PDF (n = 10, 9.5%). Both cohorts mainly had single vertebral fractures and upper end plate involvement with cleft sign found in 30% of PDFs versus 15.3% of OVFs (P < 0.001), higher incidence of burst fractures (40% vs. 25.9%; P < 0.001). Posterior vertebral body collapse was higher for PDFs (13.2 ± 9.3% vs. 18.3 ± 8.5%; P = 0.02). Most OVFs underwent balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) (94%). Most bi-PDFs were regarded unstable; six patients underwent PSF (2 short PSF, 1 PSF + BKP, and 3 BKP with intravertebral pedicular lag screws at the fractured vertebra). Half of the bi-PDFs underwent BKP-developed nonunion., Conclusion: Our study is novel in describing an unrecognized OVF pattern disregarded in current classification systems. We found notable differences in fracture characteristics, prefracture functional status, and surgical results between OVF and PDF cohorts. We suggest adding this fracture pattern as a unique OF-4 subtype or a specific entity between OF-4 and 5, with uni-PDF as type A and bi-PDF as type B., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)

Our aim was to report the prevalence of knee varus-valgus malalignment (KVVM) and its association with body mass index (BMI) and body height in a healthy and fit young adult population. Information on the disability codes associated with KVVM according to the Regulations of Medical Fitness Determination was retrieved from a medical database containing records of 17-year-old males and females before their recruitment into mandatory military service. Logistic regression models assessed the association between the BMI and body height to KVVM. The study cohort included 821,381 subjects (460,674 males and 360,707 females). The prevalence of KVVM was 0.9% in males and 0.6% for females. Under/overweight subjects were associated with higher prevalence of KVVM. The odds ratios (ORs) had a "J" curve pattern, increasing for underweight males and females, and even more so for above-normal BMIs (for obese males and for both overweight and obese females). The strongest association was between obese females and KVVM: an obese female had an OR of 22.864 (confidence interval [CI] = 20.683-25.725, p  < 0.001) to have KVVM and an obese male had an OR of 4.483 (CI = 4.158-4.833 p  < 0.001). When the BMI was analyzed as a continuous variable, each increase in one BMI unit was associated with an increase in OR of 7.6% for males and 24.1% for females. There is a strong association between BMI and KVVM in both underweight and overweight young adults. KVVM is more common in males, but most strongly associated with overweight and obese females.This is a Level III, case-control study., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.)

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Background and Objective: Asthma is associated with body mass index (BMI), but its association with socioeconomic status (SES) is controversial. The combined effect of SES and BMI on asthma prevalence is undetermined., Methods: Seventeen-year-old pre-recruits to the Israeli Defense Forces underwent routine physical examinations. SES was determined according to established criteria based on place of residence. The study population was divided according to classic weight groups and three SES groups (low, medium and high). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess odds ratios (OR) of BMI and SES groups for asthma prevalence. The combined effect of BMI and SES was also calculated., Results: The 849,659 subjects included 480,993 males (9.5% asthma prevalence) and 368,666 females (6.7% asthma prevalence). Increased BMI were associated with increased OR for asthma in females (1.44, 95% CI 1.36-1.52 for obese vs normal weight). Males had a J-shaped curve (OR 1.24 95% CI 1.2-1.29 for obese, 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16 for underweight, both vs normal weight). OR adjusted to SES did not change significantly. All SES groups produced a linear curve (1.59 95% CI 1.53-1.66 for females and 1.79 95% CI 1.74-1.84 for males). Adjustment of SES to BMI produced no significant change in OR. When all groups were compared with the normal weight/lower SES group, the highest OR was for the obese/higher SES group (2.32 95% CI 2.05-2.64 for females and 1.99 95% CI 1.83-2.13 for males)., Conclusions: Both BMI and SES are co-independently associated with asthma in adolescent males and females., (© 2015 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.)