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The divorce rate in Indonesia is increasing along with the Covid-19 pandemic that is sweeping the entire world. West Java has the worst divorce rate in Indonesia, with 102,151 divorce cases. Implementing social distancing and workers from home (WFH) set by the government makes the burden borne by single mothers heavier. This study aims to analyze the influence of Marital Property and life adjustment on the quality of life of a single-family during the Covid-19 pandemic. A functional, structural approach and social conflict theory were used in this study. This research design is a cross-sectional study with online questionnaire tools. The research sample of 65 people was selected by voluntary sampling in West Java. This study found a correlation and effect between marital property and life adjustment on quality of life. The results of the typology analysis of each variable are in a low category.

The misalignment of gender roles can affect the quality of marriage because it causes conditions of injustice, and one of the parties will be harmed. This study aims to determine the effect of gender roles in financial management and purchasing decisions on the quality of family marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study design was used in the study. The method used is self-management with an online questionnaire. The study was conducted in DKI Jakarta, which was selected purposively. The voluntary sampling technique was used to obtain 106 working wives who have children and are domiciled in DKI Jakarta. The collected data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 for windows, and Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS). The results showed that the amount of education and income of husbands, children, family size, and gender roles in financial management and purchasing decisions were related to marriage quality. Furthermore, the regression test results show that the husband's income and gender roles in purchasing decisions positively affect the quality of marriage. This study suggests that families further improve the distribution of balanced roles in financial management activities and strategies to improve role performance.

Changes that occur due to the Covid-19 pandemic are faced by all people, including the millennial generation. This study aims to analyze coping behavior, e- lifestyle, and happiness of the millennial generation during the Covid-19 pandemic based on gender. The research was conducted by a cross-sectional study using a non-probability voluntary sampling method. Data collection was carried out in April, and the study samples were obtained from 32 males and 68 females. Primary data was taken using a google form distributed to the millennial generation aged 22-41 years and living in Bogor, West Java. The location was chosen considering West Java has a happiness index (70.23) below the national happiness index (71.49) and is included in the five provinces with a low happiness index. The results of the descriptive analysis show that coping behavior, e- lifestyle, and happiness of the millennial generation during the Covid-19 pandemic are in the moderate category. The results of the different tests found no significant differences by gender in coping behavior, e-lifestyle, and millennial happiness. The SEM-PLS model shows that coping behavior significantly affects e- lifestyle. In addition, it was also found that coping behavior had a significant effect on the happiness of the millennial generation during the pandemic. Based on the results of this study, the happiness of the millennial generation during the Covid-19 pandemic is important, one of which is through coping behavior.

Generation Z has faced various transformations in life due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study analyzes family traditions, parent-child ties, and happiness in Generation Z during the Covid-19 pandemic based on gender. This study used a quantitative approach with a non-probability voluntary sampling method involving 42 men and 130 women of generation Z who are college students and domiciled in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and PLS-SEM. The results showed that family traditions varied in the category; meanwhile, parent child-ties and happiness were moderate. There were no significant gender differences in family traditions and parent-child ties, but women reported significantly lower happiness than men during the pandemic. This is in line with the results of the PLS-SEM model, which showed that gender had a negative effect on the happiness of generation Z. PLS-SEM model showed that family traditions and parent-child ties had significant positive effects on happiness. These findings imply that in the middle of Covid-19 pandemic social restrictions, families must strengthen family traditions and optimize parent-child ties so that the happiness of generation Z can be maintained, both for men and women.

The existence of Covid-19 has changed the socio-economic life of the community. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, economic pressure, and gender roles on family resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were wives from intact families with children scattered in Bogor Regency. The design of this research is a cross-sectional study with a sampling technique using purposive sampling method with a total sample of 84 families conducted in March 2021. The data processing uses descriptive tests, correlation test, and multiple linear regression tests. The results of the study found that most of the family's economic pressure and gender roles were in the low category. However, most of the family resilience is in the high category. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that there is a significant negative effect of economic pressure on family resilience. There is a significant positive effect of gender roles on husband's income.

The current study seeks to offer a key strategy shift in attaining effective leadership in Indonesia tax offices, based on group and exchange theories of leadership perspective. This research discusses the benefits of breaking down a complex unstructured situation in Indonesian tax offices into several components in a hierarchical arrangement by assigning a subjective value to each variable's relative importance and determining which variable has the highest priority to find solutions. The processing technique used to determine the strategy is the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). After determining the scale, the next step is data entry by entering the numbers obtained from filling out questionnaires by nine experts. The results show that the most dominant factor in attaining effective leadership is having human resource competence, and the actor is the director general taxes. The following finding is that gaining optimal tax revenue is the main objective. The prior alternative strategy to recommend is executing collaborative actions. The results of this study are presented and discussed, which can be helpful for universities in similar developing countries.

This study aims to test and analyzes the relationship between organizational life cycle characteristics and survivability of a digital startup in the early stage. In establishing new startup and managing early stage, founders have been facing two-fold pages. On one side, the opportunities exploration and exploitation require freedom to acts. On the other side, newly organization faces liability of newness traps that consider organizational formalization and organizational capability. The relationship among aspects is formulated as two-paths mediating roles on the impact of liability of newness and startup survivability. Questionnaires were distributed to 415 respondents in Greater Jakarta City, Indonesia. The study considered Jakarta represented Indonesian digital startup ecosystem. This newly established and still developing startup ecosystem that characterizes the early stages of OLC is considered relevant to the study. The data was analyzed quantitatively using SEM method. The result shows the linkage between the two-paths of mediating role. Since the opportunities are central of mindset for survivability, external legitimacy becomes antecedents of external opportunities as well as reliability and accountability required from organizational formalization and capability. Founders need to understand and translate the impact of liability of newness to establish an appropriate and better organization formalization and organization capability for startup survivability. This study contributes to enrich the early stage of organizational life cycle theory as well as to enhance startup founders’ managerial practices.

Families have obligations to protect and care for their children. The general objective of this study was to analyze the gender of the investment and the quality of the children in highland farmers. The study was conducted at highland areas at Cianjur Regency (Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas Sub-district) and Bogor Regency (Petir Village, Dramaga Sub-district). The findings showed that they were 4 (four) indicators of child investment latent variable such as the allocation of time togetherness between parents and children, investment in education and health, material allocations, and protection of children. Moreover, there were 5 (five) indicators of child quality latent variable such as the physical quality, learning achievement, child's behavior, psycho-social-spiritual, and the quality of life. The first result showed that there was no difference between boys and girls in total of child investment, but there was significantly difference between boys and girls in total of child quality. The second result proved that the latent variable of child investment has significantly positive effect on latent variable of child quality. As recommendation, the study need to be continued with various family characteristics and broadening analysis such as the effect of child investment and child quality to the child happiness.

Seasonal changes will have an impact on the lives of fishermen’s families, especially the economic sector. Changes in the sea and non-sea seasons have an impact on family cooperation in survival. These effects will be seen in the gender role of husband and wife in solving problems in fishermen’s families. This study aims to analyze the effect of gender roles and coping strategies on fishermen’s family happiness index. The study design used a cross-sectional study with interviews and questionnaire assistance. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling with respondents of 40 fishermen’s families in the Toboali District, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The gender role variables, coping strategies, and fishermen’s family happiness index are in the medium category. There is a correlation between coping strategies with the happiness index of fishermen’s families. The number of family members shows a significant negative effect on the happiness index in the sea and non-sea seasons. Meanwhile, coping strategies present a significant positive effect on the happiness index of fishermen’s families in the sea and non-sea seasons.

The prevalence of autism among children in Indonesia during the last decade has been increased dramatically. This condition becomes a matter of concern because parents who raise children with autism experience stress and it is impacted their parenting. That situation is directly attributable to the fact that children with autism are often rigid and obsessive. Additionally, social stigma increases stress to parents of children with autism. This research aims to explore offline and online social supports for parents of children with autism. Targeted online social support sources are Facebook and WhatsApps Group. The research results show that the parents acquire offline social supports, especially from the nuclear family. Parents receive online social support that they could not fulfill offline and have benefited from online social media groups by getting information and emotional supports.

This research was an explanatory research that explains the phenomena that influence the social media utilization as agricultural information media. This research was conducted in Riau Islands Province from May to September 2019. The research sample was determined by census method. The total number of 90 Civil Servants (PNS) and Agricultural Extension Workers Relief Personnel (THL-TBPP), all of which were used as respondents in this research. The research variables consist of independent variables, namely the characteristics of extension agents (X), and the dependent variable, namely the use of social media (Y). Data collection methods in this study used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data used: descriptive analysis, and PLS analysis with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that the characteristics of extension workers were in the low category, while the use of social media was in the medium category. Utilization of social media that is reflected through facebook, whatsapp and youtube is influenced by the characteristics of instructors that are reflected through age, experience as counselors and cosmopolitan.

Well-being of family and child can help them to deal with problems that occur in their lives. The main objectives of the study were to analyze using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on the examination of the effect of family characteristics and child-parents relations on family and child subjective well-being. This was a census method and a descriptive cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted on highland farmer families living in Cianjur Regency as a typical rural family and the sub-urban of Bogor City boundary as a typical sub urban family. Samples of this study amounted to 203 families consisting of 99 families with males and 104 families with females who were examined through the census method in selected primary schools. There was no significantly difference between the reports of children and mothers to the variables of child and parent relations. However, there was a significantly difference between the child's and mother's reports to the subjective well-being variable with the condition that the child reports higher in subjective well-being for both material and non-material well-being compared to his/her mother's report. The results showed that gender latent variables directly influence the latent variable of child-parent relations. Finally, the latent variable of child-parent relationship had a direct effect on the latent variable of family and children's subjective well-being for both material and non-material.

The study aims to analyze the effect of participatory group communication and the economic empowerment of female household towards economic independence. The female head of a family in the city of Batang, central Java, Indonesia has a condition of economic limitations. Therefore, the Pekka group paid attention to women heads of households to be empowered. The respondents were 229 female heads of household, consisting of nine single, married 150, widowed 70 Pekka. The research found a real influence between participatory communication between groups and economic empowerment on Pekka’s economic independence. The results show that the direction of problem-solving communication has the most contribution in forming participatory communication groups, and access to capital has the most contribution in forming economic empowerment in realizing Pekka’s economic independence.

Social enterprise (SE) is a significant global phenomenon that occurs when an organization with social concerns can grow concurrently with its commercial activities. However, the factors that influence the sustainability of SE remain relatively understudied. This study argues that innovation is a prerequisite for SE’s sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to find alternatives to SE’s sustainability strategy, considering the need for SE to have dynamic capabilities, to anticipate changes in the ecosystem, and to manage the company’s internal resources to build on SE’s innovation and sustainability. The dataset was obtained from a survey of 187 SEs in Indonesia, which was then processed using SEM. Results indicate that internal factors have no direct significant effect on sustainability, but the ecosystem and innovation have been shown to have a direct and significant positive effect on sustainability. Dynamic capabilities have a significant but negative direct relationship to sustainability. Internal and ecosystem factors cannot be mediated by dynamic capabilities when it comes to sustainability, whereas innovation can only mediate internal factors towards sustainability. Finally, serial mediation of dynamic capabilities and innovation are key elements that contribute to sustainability. It is proven that if dynamic capabilities are directed to foster innovation, it will increase sustainability.

Most farmers and fishermen in Indonesia have limitations in meeting economic, social, and other standard needs. This limitation shows the low level of family well-being. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of fishermen and onion farm laborers, women's economic contributions, economic pressures and family well-being. The location of the study was carried out at two locations, in Kali Adem Muara Angke and Losari Lor Village, with a participants of 130 respondents (60 fisherman's wives and 70 wives onion farm workers). The data collected in this study are primary data (interview method). Data processing and analysis are carried out descriptively and inferently (t-test and regression). The results showed that the economic contribution made by the fishermen's family was greater than that of the onion farmer family. The families of fishermen and onion farm workers in this study both in the sea / harvest season and in the season do not go to sea / famine included in the category of moderate economic pressure. Family well-being experienced by the families of fishermen and workers' families both in the sea / harvest season and in the season does not go to sea / famine including the medium category. The effect test shows that the variable number of family members and income per capita have a significant positive influence on family well-being. In addition, economic pressure variable has a significant negative influence on family well-being.

Previous research show that the quality of marriage is determined by harmonious gender relations and high family resilience. This study aims to analyze the influence of gender relations and family resilience on the quality of marriage in the families of farmers and fishermen. This study used a cross-sectional study design and was conducted in Pantai Sederhana Village, Bekasi Regency for participants of fishermen and Losari Lor Village, Brebes Regency for participants of peasant farmers of ‘brondol’ onions. The research participants was chosen by purposive sampling with a total sample of 130 families. The results of the independent t-test showed that fishermen's families had better gender relations compared to the families of peasant farmers. Overall, family resilience of fishermen and peasant farmers had a very significant difference. The average index of family resilience of peasant farmer families (88,9) was higher than fishermen families (83,7). The average quality of marriages of fisherman families (84,7) was better than peasant farmers families (58,6). Regression results indicate that the factors that influence the quality of marriage are gender relations, per capita income, and family resilience. Hence, the fishermen families and peasant families of red onion are expected to be able to improve gender relations whether in public, domestic and social activities as well as improve family resilience so the quality of the marriage will increase.

Optimization of family functions can be realized by dividing tasks for each family member as an effort to improve the health and nutrition status of pregnant women so that they can reduce maternal and infant mortality in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the role of husband on the subjective well-being of wife with newborn baby. The study design used a cross sectional study and carried out in Tuppu Health Center, Lembang Subdistrict, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province by involving 110 wives in intact families and was having children up to 6 months of age; selected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires then were analyzed by descriptive and multiple regression test. The results of the study found that the average role of husbands when his wife was pregnant and giving birth is in the low category, especially in the dimensions of domestic roles and social roles. Wife's subjective well-being is in the medium category. Family typology based on husband's role and wife's subjective well-being when was pregnant and giving birth are mostly classified into type 2. Meanwhile, the duration of husband's education, family income and husband's role in domestic role and social role dimensions have a significant positive effect on subjective well-being of wife with newborn baby.

The female head of the family has a dual role, that is, a housewife and breadwinner to meet family needs. The study aims to analyze the effect of female head of household characteristics and group characteristics on participatory communication of groups and economic independence of women household heads. Respondents were Pekka groups in twelve villages in Batang City, Central Java, as many as 229 heads of households aged 22-74 years. The characteristics measured include 5 dimensions namely: age, education, marital status, number of dependents, and income. Data were analyzed descriptively and multiple linear regression testing was carried out. The results showed that there was a direct positive effect on the characteristics of female household heads in participatory communication and the economic independence of female household heads. and there is a direct negative effect on group characteristics on participatory communication and the economic independence of the female household head Keywords : regulation effect, female head of a family, Pekka group, economic independence Abstrak. Kepala keluarga perempuan memiliki peran ganda, yaitu, seorang ibu rumah tangga dan pencari nafkah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik kepala rumah tangga perempuan dan karakteristik kelompok terhadap komunikasi partisipatif kelompok dan kemandirian ekonomi kepala rumah tangga perempuan. Responden adalah kelompok Pekka di dua belas desa di Kota Batang, Jawa Tengah, sebanyak 229 kepala keluarga berusia 22-74 tahun. Karakteristik yang diukur meliputi 5 dimensi yaitu: usia, pendidikan, status perkawinan, jumlah tanggungan, dan pendapatan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dilakukan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif langsung pada karakteristik kepala rumah tangga perempuan dalam komunikasi partisipatif dan kemandirian ekonomi kepala rumah tangga perempuan. Selain itu, ada efek negatif langsung pada karakteristik kelompok pada komunikasi partisipatif dan kemandirian ekonomi kepala rumah tangga perempuan Kata kunci: efek regulasi, kepala keluarga wanita, kelompok Pekka, kemandirian ekonomi Аннотация. Женщина как глава семьи играет двойную роль, то есть роль домохозяйки и кормильца семьи. Цель исследования - проанализировать влияние характеристики женщин как главы семьи и групповой характеристики на групповое совместное общение и экономическую независимость женщин как главы семьи. Респондентой была группа Pekka (Полномочия семей с женщинами как главами семьи) в двенадцати деревнях в городе Батанг, в Центральной Яве, 229 глав семьи в возрасте 22-74 лет. Измеренные характеристики включают 5 параметров, а именно: возраст, образование, семейное положение, количество иждивенцев и доход. Данные были проанализированы описательно, и было проведено множественное линейное регрессионное тестирование. Результаты показали, что непосредственное положительное влияние оказали характеристики женщин как глава семьи в совместном общении и экономической независимости. Кроме того, существует прямое негативное влияние на групповые характеристики на совместное общение и экономическую независимость женщин как глав семьи. Ключевые слова : Эффект регулирования, Женщина как глава семьи, Группа Pekka, Экономическая независимость.

Poverty can occur due to increasing of economic demands that affect the level of family well-being. It encourages wives to work in the public sector. Family well-being could be influenced by husband and wife cooperation regarding gender roles and decision making. This study aimed to analyze the gender role, decision making, and well-being of dual-earner families who were the wives had micro-enterprises and lived in Jakarta. This study used cross-sectional design and involved 62 families who are selected purposively. The participants were intact families who were the wives had micro-enterprises and the husband worked in formal or informal sectors. Data was collected by an interview using questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that the average scores of the overall gender role and decision making in the dominant category on one subject (husband or wife only). The family subjective and objective well-being was generally in the high category. The husband's age and gender roles were positively and significantly related to the family subjective well-being, then family subjective well-being was positively and significantly related to the family objective well-being. Moreover, family subjective well-being was significantly positive influenced by domestic domain dimension of gender roles and family income.

In order to increase the gender roles in many aspects of family livelihood, and to increase the socioeconomic and cultural well-being of the family and community level, this study aims to: (1) Analyze the characteristics and family economic sufficiency, (2) Analyze the gender roles in decision making and implementation of coping strategies, and (3) Analyze factors affecting family well-being. The advantages of this study are for the development of family studies from gender analysis perspective and for the inputs of family counseling needs. The study was conducted at Hambaro Village, Sub-District of Nanggung, District of Bogor-West Java Province in April to August 2008, by using a cross sectional study design. The location of study was chosen purposively. The samples were 110 Janner families through systematically random sampling method. The result showed that the average of the wife's education was low, with the length of education was 4.4 years. Almost half of the housewives were not working, and more than three-quarter of the husband were fanners. The average of monthly income per capita was Rp. 133.778,82, and the average of monthly expenditure per capita was Rp. 161.142,96. Roughly speaking, gender roles in decision making and implementation of the family (as the composite factors of management aspect, a cutting back expenses strategy, and a generating income strategi;) based on the gender partnership with the degree of intermediate level. Finally, it was found that family subjective well-being was influenced indirectly by the high husband's education level, the low family economic sufficient level, and the low partnership of gender roles in decision making of coping strategies.

Human Development Index (HDI) of Depok is highest in West Java, but there are inequality and the gender gap. The purposes of the research are to analyze the level of income inequality, analyze the level of economic progress and analyze the factors that affect of HDI. The data were analyzed using Williamson Index, Klassen typology and panel regression using data from 11 districts in Depok over the period 2012-2014. Based on Williamson Index, we found that disparity of income among districts in Depok is relatively high (>0,5) but tended to decrease over the period of 2013-2014. Klassen typology shows that Depok can be classified into four types. Estimation using fixed effect model could be applied to examined the impact of independent variables consist of education aspects, health aspects, personal income aspects and demography aspect to HDI. Regression analysis showed a positive and significant influence between the number of primary schools, PDRB per capita and population density with IPM. The ratio of teachers and students in primary schools and the ratio of teachers and students in high school/ vocational negative significant effect on the HDI.Keyword: HDI, disparity, panel dataABSTRACT Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Kota Depok tertinggi di Jawa Barat, tetapi ada ketimpangan dan kesenjangan gender. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan, menganalisis tingkat kemajuan ekonomi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi IPM. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Indeks Williamson, tipologi Klassen dan regresi data panel menggunakan data dari 11 kecamatan di Depok selama periode 2012-2014. Berdasarkan Indeks Williamson, kami menemukan bahwa disparitas pendapatan antar kecamatan di Depok relatif tinggi (> 0,5), tetapi cenderung menurun selama periode 2013-2014. Tipologi Klassen mengklasifikasikan Kota Depok menjadi empat kuadran. Estimasi dengan menggunakan model efek tetap bisa diterapkan untuk meneliti dampak dari variabel independen meliputi aspek pendidikan, aspek kesehatan, aspek pendapatan pribadi dan aspek demografi terhadap IPM. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara jumlah sekolah dasar, PDRB per kapita dan kepadatan penduduk dengan IPM. Rasio guru dan murid di sekolah dasar dan rasio guru dan murid sekolah menengah atas/kejuruan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap IPM.Kata kunci: IPM, disparitas, data panel

The achievement of family well - being is an aspiration of all families including families of migrant workers, to achieve the well - being of one of the ways that the families of migrant workers with the departure of the wife work as domestic servants in various countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze social capital, economic coping, sress symptom’s husband and family subjektive well - being of women migrant workers. This research use cross sectional studies. The location was chosen purposively in Tanggeung Village, Pagermaneuh Village, Margaluyu Village, Karangtengah Village, Tanggeung District and Pasirdalam Village Kadupandak District, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Seventy five families were selected purposively among the families of women migrant workers. The finding indicates that social capital is in the moderate category, the coping economy is in the moderate category, the sress symptom’s husband is in the low category and the family well-being is in the low category. Finding in this study family subjective well-being is influenced by income per capita, sress symptom’s husband and economic coping. Keywords: economic coping, family subjective well-being, social capital, stress symptom Abstrak Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan sesuatu yang ingin dicapai seluruh keluarga, termasuk keluarga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW), untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh keluarga TKW adalah mengirim istri sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di berbagai negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi dipilih dengan metode purposive di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cianjur, Kecamatan Tanggeung, Desa Pagermaneuh, Desa Marguluyu, Desa Karangtengah, Desa Tanggeung, Kecamatan Kadupandak, Desa Pasirdalam. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 keluarga TKW dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan modal sosial berada pada kategori sedang, coping ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang, gelaja stres suami berada pada kategori rendah, dan kesejahteraan subjektif berada pada kategori rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kesejahteraan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, gelaja stres suami, dan coping ekonomi. Kata kunci : coping ekonomi, gejala stres, kesejahteraan subjektif, modal sosial. References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Data provinsi termiskin 2016. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016. [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://www.bps.go.id. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat. 2016. 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Industri rumahan selama ini kurang memiliki kemampuan untuk bersaing di pasar, disebabkan karena rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kapabilitas terhadap penguasaan tekonologi serta akses permodalan, padahal keberadaannya memiliki posisi penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran modal sosial mikro dan meso serta permasalahannya terhadap kemandirian perempuan perdesaan pelaku industri rumahan emping melinjo. Penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Banten, dengan sampel sebanyak 453 orang, terdiri dari; 154 orang di zona industri, 147 orang di zona pertanian dan 152 orang di zona pariwisata dari 6.857 orang perempuan perdesaan pelaku industri rumahan emping melinjo. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, one way anova, dan Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemandirian, tingkat kapasitas, modal sosial meso dan modal sosial mikro perempuan persdesaan berada pada kategori sedang. Model hibryd menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian perempuan perdesaan 43,0 % dipengaruhi secara langsung maupun oleh modal sosial meso, dan tingkat kapasitas, sedangkan modal sosial mikro berpengaruh melalui bekerjanya tingkat kapasitas. Tingkat kemandirian perempuan perdesaan ditentukan melalaui aspek pengambilan keputusan, kerjasama, kedinamisan usaha dan akses permodalan. Strategi peningkatan kemandirian dilakukan melalui penguatan modal sosial meso, terutama dukungan infrastruktur dan materi penyuluhan, yang memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung pada penguatan modal sosial mikro dan tingkat kapasitas perempuan perdesaan.Kata kunci : Industri rumahan emping melinjo, Modal sosial mikro, Modal sosial meso, tingkat kapasitas dan tingkat kemandirian perempuan perdesaan

Family communication does not occur randomly, but it patterns based on a particular scheme through two communication behavior: conversation and conformity orientations. The purpose of this study is to analyze communication pattern and family typology of the senior high schools’ students (adolescents) in Bogor. The research was conducted by survey at six senior high schools in Bogor. Total of respondents were 372 students, consisting of 206 females and 166 males ranging aged between 15-18 years old. The result are 50.5% with high category of the orientation conversation and 49.5% in low category. In conformity orientation, most of the teenagers (73.7%) have been as high categories and 26.3% in low categories. The study has also organized in four types of families: 46.2% of consensual (high both in conversation and comformity level), 4.3% of pluralist (high in conversation but low in conformity level), 27.4% of protective (low in conversation but high in comformity level) and 22.0% of non-interventionist (laissez faire) (low in conversational and conformity level). Based on gender, females have often more conversations with family with a higher conformity than males.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the profile of consumer empowerment and the influence of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status and cosmopoliteness on consumer empowerment in rural and urban area. The research finding indicated a low consumer empowerment in urban and rural area. In general, most respondents who were not categorized as empowered consumer were aged >37 years old, working in rural areas, included in income category ranged IDR 397,874.57/capita/month both in rural and urban areas, family size of ≤ 4 persons in rural areas, length of education ≤9 years in rural areas and not cosmopolite in rural areas. Higher level of education and the more cosmopolite the respondents would increase consumer empowerment both in rural and urban area. One of the attempts in empowering consumers is by intensifying consumer education involving government, NGOs, and private sector. Keywords: consumer empowerment, cosmopoliteness, demographics, socio-economic

This study aimed to analyze the effect of socioeconomic characteristics, consumer reference group, and the intensity of having consumer education on consumer empowerment among the residents of urban and rural area in Bogor. Better socio-economic characteristics were associated with better consumer empowerment, i.e. more the subjects were more skillful, more to acknowledge their rights, and more assertive. Reference group had no direct effect on the consumer empowerment, but indirectly affected it through its consumer educational aspect. The intensity of consumer education was found to improve the consumer empowerment. All results applied to both in rural and urban areas.Keywords: socio-economic, consumer empowerment, consumer education, reference groupJEL Classification Number : D100, D180AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik sosial ekonomi, kelompok rujukan dan intensitas mengikuti pendidikan konsumen terhadap keberdayaan konsumen. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang semakin baik dan jumlah kelompok rujukan semakin banyak akan meningkatkan intensitas mengikuti kegiatan pendidikan konsumen. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi berpengaruh baik langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap keberdayaan konsumen, artinya kondisi sosial ekonomi yang lebih baik akan meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen menjadi lebih terampil, tahu hak-haknya dan lebih tegas. Kelompok rujukan secara langsung tidak meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen, namun secara tidak langsung melalui pendidikan konsumen yang lebih intensif dapat meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen. Intensitas mengikuti pendidikan konsumen mampu meningkatkan keberdayaan konsumen baik di perdesaan maupun perkotaan.Keywords: sosial ekonomi, keberdayaan, konsumen, pendidikan, kelompok rujukanJEL Classification Number: D100, D180

The study aimed to examine the relationship between child abuse, children’s psychological condition, the behavior, and satisfaction to family well-being. Participants were purposively selected, involved 35 children from 56 child victims of child abuse period 2007-2009 based on data from Bogor Police Station. Data collected by interview with questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results showed that the variables related to child abuse include father’s education (r=-0,515;p

The objectives of this study are described as follows: (1) To examine the conditions ofsocial, economic and demographic characteristics of poor farmer families who live atuplands and lowlands areas, (2) to describe the social-cultural and agroecosystemconditions of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas, (3) Toexplain type of gender relations of poor farmer families who live at uplands andlowlands areas, and (4) to analyze factors that influenced subjective family well-beingof poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas. The chosen researchsites were Nanggung Sub-district, Bogor District as an upland area, and West TelukJambe Sub-district, Karawang District, West Java Province as a lowland area. The totalof 189 farmer families was used for this study (n= 90 in uplands district areas, and n=99 in lowlands district areas). It was found that the conditions of social-cultural andagroecosystem differ between upland and lowland areas. In general, both upland andlowland areas gender roles on farming activities, in terms of access and control toagricultural resources, were dominated by men. Family well-being was directlyinfluenced by higher education of husband and wife, indirectly influenced by lesseconomic pressure of the family, directly influenced by higher gender relations betweenhusband and wife, and directly influenced by less or higher external support. Thus,wealthy farmer families were the family that had educated husband and wife, lesseconomic pressures, equal gender relations and partnerships, and less or more receiveexternal supports. It is recommended that the next study should add variables of familycoping strategies related to family economic pressure and gender roles between husbandand wife.

This study aims to analyze the effect of social capital and husband-wife interaction on marital quality among families in early years and middle yearsmarriage. The study was using cross sectional design. The selection of researchsites was purposively chosen in Bogor City. The location of the study was inKebon Pedes and Kedung Badak, regions of Tanah Sareal district. Samples of thisstudy were 120 families in early and middle years of marriage with wives as themain participants. Data were collected through interview using questionnaire. Thestudy found that social capital in families with early marriage age in theintermediate category, and in families with middle years of marriage is in the highcategory. Different test results show only in the dimensions of gender partnershipsthat families in middle years of marriage were higher than early years families. Onvariable of husband-wife interaction, half of the families with early marriage yearswere in the intermediate category and more than half of families with middleyears of marriage were in the high category. There wereno significant differencesin all dimensions of husband and wife interaction. In the variable quality ofmarriage, half of families with early years marriage were in the intermediatecategory, whereas more than half of families with middle years marriage were inhigh category. There wereno significant differences in all dimensions of maritalquality.

The aim of study was to analyze social supports, parental function, family’s interaction, marital quality, and child’s condition at family of migrant woman worker. The study implemented cross sectional and retrospective study design. The total sample was 47 family of migrant woman workers who had school-age’s children. Data was analyzed by descriptive, Pearson correlation test, independent sample t-test, and regression test. The results found out that families had social support in moderate category and parenting in high category. Husband-wife interaction and father-child interaction falls into the high category , while the mother - child interaction in the moderate category. However, more than half of children had moderate stress and low achievement at school. Mostly families had high marriage quality. Father-child interaction and husband-wife interaction had positive affects to marriage quality. The length of the wife as migrant had negative affects to child’s conditions. However, income had positive affects on the conditions of child.

Cash Conditional Transfer (PKH) is one of government's efforts to reduce poverty and improve the quality of human resources in poor communities through the provision of conditional subsidies. The purpose of this study were to identify characteristics of demographic, social, and economic of PKH families recipients and to analyze the differences of economic characteristics between pre and during families get PKH funds. This study applied a combination of cross-sectional and retrospective designs. Data collection located in eight villages in Dramaga District, Bogor Regency from March to December 2009. The sample was the wife from the families who received PKH as many as 150 people determined randomly by systematic methods. Statistical analyses were descriptive and paired t-test. Characteristics of demographic, social and economics of samples concluded from this study were the largest percentage of families ranged from five to six family member from nuclear families, as well as head of family and wife age ranged from 30 to 49 years. Their education levels were only up to primary school with head of family worked as laborers, while most wives did not work. Most family heads and wives both literacy in reading and writing Latin alphabet. Family total revenue increased significantly 1.3 fold during received PKH fund. Categories poverty did not change for the families who received PKH, but the ownership of electronic devices increased. Head of family has the largest and significant contribution to the total revenue of the family. The average expenditure per month for food and non-food respectively 70,1% and 29,9%. Significant increase for debt nearly twice as families received PKH fund. Ability to pay debt with assets owned, increased by obtaining PKH fund.

Parent-adolescent communication will affect both positive and negative behaviors in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of the characteristics of adolescents and families with parent-adolescent communication, self-esteem, the use of internet, pornography and porn-action.The respondents of the study were teenagers in the age groups of 14-17 years, consisted of 137 respondents in Bogor, selected by using random sampling technique.Parent-adolescent communication consists of daily communication and preventife discussion of pornography and porn-action.Furthermore, adolescent' self-esteem includes both positive and negative perceptions of self among adolescents. The use of the media is focused on the frequency of Internet use for pornography and porn-action behavior including viewing and disseminating porn contents. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, and multiple linear regression test. The results showed that female are more open to communicate with parents than male. Male pornography and pornoaction behavior are higher than female. Regression results indicate that preventative discussion of pornography and porn-action of parent-adolescents and internet usage affect the behavior of pornography and porn-action.

Globalization that develops in line with development of science and technology such as film, soap opera, and music do not only give positive influence but also have brought negative influence for Indonesian people who still extremely hold norms especially religion norm. The aimed of this research was to analyze the perception about interaction of opposite gender of college students. This research used cross sectional study design. The research was done in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor. Respondents of this research were 146 students of undergraduate of 2nd and 3rd grade in the year 2008, consist of 43 men and 103 women. Almost all of respondents had conservative perception about interaction of opposite gender. The study found significant correlation between: (1) respondents perception about interaction of opposite gender with type of gender, cumulative achievement index, trait and personality, (2) interaction of opposite gender respondents’ behaviour with type of gender, trait and personality, monthly pocket money, and respondents’ perception about interaction of opposite gender. Multiple regression analysis showed that type of gender and trait and personality variables had significant effect on perception of interaction of opposite gender.

The main purpose of this research was to know the working women’s strategies in balancing between work and domestic activities. Specifically, the objectives were to determine: (1) the contribution of working women in the result of the wealthy of the family, (2) working women’s strategy in balancing between work and domestic activities, (3) social support in helping working women in balancing between work and domestic activities, and correlation between variables. The respondents were working women who work in full-time and have a family, consist of husband and a child or children. This was a cross sectional study which was performed among 50 working women in Bogor in March 2005. The results showed that most of respondents balanced between work and family activities. Another strategy that was used by almost all respondents was paying maid to help them in finishing domestic activities. The community and extended families surrounded respondents supported them very well through providing social supports. Working women’s strategy had significant correlated with the numbers of children in school-aged, the length of domestic time, and the length of personal time. The overall wellbeing of the family was measured by respondents’ satisfaction towards their resource. It was found that the family well-being had significant correlation with the total of husband’s income, contribution of respondents’ income, extended family social support, and the working women’s strategies.

The aim of this study was to analyze the conditions of the family who received the SLT-BBM Program regarding on the income and expenditure and intra-household analysis. The study was conducted at Bogor City (Sub-District of West Bogor and South Bogor) and Bogor District (Sub-District of Ciomas), West Java Province. The study implemented a survey design through the process of purposive sampling procedures. One of the criteria of the study location was the location that had the highest quantity of poor families. The samples of the family were chosen purposively from the chosen location. The total of sample was 168 families (112 families who have men as the head of the household, and 56 families who have women as the head of the household). The study used descriptive analysis that contains of observations, secondary data, news, primary data (from questionnaire), in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The results found out that around half of the samples were actually not eligible to receive the program. Around 60% of the family had monthly income per capita of Rp 100,000.00 which was below the poverty line. The study also found out that in general, every household expended around 60% of the money for food (staple food) fulfillment. Then, the money received from the program was expended by family less then a week.

Various strategic issues that have an effect towards the performance of local governments in Indonesia are very complex just like the local governments in other countries, as investigated on previous researches. These strategic issues, which include the fiscal capacity, the background of the local leaders as entrepreneurs, and the capacity of management, would have significant influence towards the performance of local governments. This research tries to conduct the investigation towards other strategic issues i.e. the characteristics of local governments, the public entrepreneurship, the strategic environment, and the enforcement of ethics and accountability of bureaucracy, which is both very important and very certain in terms of the influence towards the performance of local governments. As the initial phase of thorough research is related to the influence of public entrepreneurship towards the performance of local government, the mapping needs to be conducted in order to ensure the level of importance and certainty of the strategic issues with the use of the Strategic Assumption Surfacing Test (SAST) approach involving the selected experts through limited Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of data processing would give an overview that the characteristics of local governments and its elements (the regional assets, the fiscal capacity, the capacity of management and entrepreneurial behavior), the public entrepreneurship (innovation, the creativity of the individuals within bureaucracy, proactiveness, risk-taking and public-oriented) are the strategic issues, which are important and certainly influence the performance of local governments in Indonesia. Keywords: characteristics of local government, performance of local government, public entrepreneurship, strategic assumption surfacing test Abstrak. Berbagai isu strategik yang memengaruhi kinerja pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia sangat kompleks seperti halnya pada pemerintahan daerah di negara lain, sebagaimana diungkapkan pada hasil penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, antara lain kemampuan fiskal, latar belakang pimpinan daerah sebagai entrepreneur , dan kapasitas manajemen memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap isu-isu strategik lainnya yaitu karakteristik daerah, public entrepreneurship , lingkungan strategik, serta penegakan etika dan akuntabilitas apakah sangat penting dan pasti pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah. Sebagai tahap awal penelitian menyeluruh terkait pengaruh public entrepreneurship terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah, pemetaan perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan tingkat kepentingan dan kepastian dari asumsi strategik tersebut dengan pendekatan Strategy Assumption Surfacing Test (SAST) yang melibatkan pakar secara terbatas melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) . Hasil olah data atas jawaban kuesioner mengindikasikan variabel karakteristik pemerintahan daerah dan elemen-elemennya (aset daerah, kapasitas fiskal, kapasitas manajemen dan perilaku kewirausahaan), public entrepreneurship (inovasi, kreativitas, proaktivitas, risk-taking dan orientasi kepentingan publik) merupakan asumsi strategik yang penting dan cukup pasti pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia. Kata kunci: karakteristik pemerintahan daerah, kinerja pemerintahan daerah, public entrepreneurship, strategy assumption surfacing test

Nowdays it is difficult for many families to achieve an ideal life, this situation cause, formulation managing human resource which has a good quality is not optimal. The important thing must be carried out to make the families maintain their life is to manage the limited resource by the family resource management. This research analyzed the family resource management of participant in empowerment program and the factors that influenced them. The research design was crossectional study using survey method to collect data from 300 respondents. The result showed that highest percentage of respondent carried out the family resource management categorized as bad. There was a significant difference between the family resource management at Dramaga District and Leuwisadeng District or Pamijahan District (αKeywords: family resource management, community empowerment, income per capita, extension program, communication quality

Domestic violence is action commit by a person to harm a family member. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between domestic violence, social support with self esteem of women as a victims. The sampel were 31 women victims of domestic violence in Bogor, West Java. Sampels were selected by purposive sampling, considering that the sampel had experienced domestic violence by her husband. The result showed that there was a negative correlation between age sampel with domestic violence. In addition, the results found showed a significant positive relationship between the length of education with social support and there is also a significant positive relationship between domestic violence with self esteem of this wife

This research aimed to identify vulnerability and well-being of children in a family of farmers, identify the typology of vulnerability and well-being of children in the family of farmers, and analyze the relationship between family characteristics, characteristics of children with the vulnerability and well-being of children. The population in this research is family farmers who have children of 4 and 5th grade who reside in the village Sindangjaya, District Cipanas, Cianjur with a sample of 35 children. Sampling was conducted using probability sampling method with random sampling techniques. The results showed that the internal susceptibility to family farmers is low, relatively low external vulnerability, and low well-being. Typology vulnerability of children and the well-being of children in a family of farmers included in Type 1 and Type 4. There was a significant negative correlation between family size and order of the child with the child's welfare, but there was no significant relationship between the characteristics of families and children with children's vulnerability.

A sample of 899 households in which at least one member is engaged in home-based work is used to analyze two time-management strategies used to respond to the demands of home-based work. Analyses reveal that, first, personal time is reallocated more than additional help is obtained for either the home-based work or household production and, second, that different strategies are used depending on whether the household manager is also the home-based worker. Respondents holding both roles report reallocating personal time more often than respondents who are not home-based workers; the reverse holds for obtaining additional help. The results suggest that households generating higher incomes in which home-based work is a full-time occupation are more likely to use time-management strategies than those in which incomes are lower and the home-based work is part-time.

This chapter provides a brief description on the gender division of labor in agroforestry activities within households. The introduction describes the underlying background of gender roles in agroforestry activities. In general it was found that there is an imbalance of gender partnership in labor division applied at cultivation, processing and marketing of cashew nuts between men and women. The unequal gender role has also existed at the accessibility and control levels towards collector traders and wholesale buyers; however, an equal gender role has been found at the accessibility and control towards farming activities, and the role of women is even more dominant in processing than that of men. It was also found that the unequal gender partnership at the community level is due to the socio-cultural constraints. Finally, research and policy recommendations describe the focus of research related to gender in agroforestry, the capacity building for regional and national government, and also community and gender empowerment. The community and gender empowerment includes the agreement among communities (both men and women) in the village to reformulate its regional planning, the increase of women’s potential skills and knowledge, and the strengthening of farmer group/institutions.

The research objectives were to analyzed the family food security and its factors of the participants in the community empowerment program at rural area. The research design was crossectional study and the data collection technique used a survey method toward 300 families, and their specification were 140 families from the National Program of Community Empowerment (PNPM), 107 families from The Keluarga Harapan Program (PKH), 31 families from the Raksa Desa Program and 22 families from The Business Development Program of Rural Agribusiness (PUAP). The highest percentage (52.0%) of the family categorized into food vulnerable and as many as 37.3 percent was insecure category. It was found 10.7 percent families categorized into secure category. Base on the program, more than a half families of PKH group (50.5%) and PUAP (63.6%) are insecure category. Food vulnerable category is in PNPM group (60.0%) and Raksa Desa group (61.3%). The highest percentage (15.0%) thar categorized into secure category is in PNPM group. The factors which influence significantly toward the family food security are the income per capita, the family size and the asset.Key words: food security, community empowerment program, rural area