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Summary:White willow bark is a useful analgesic in humans, and its utility to alleviate pain in organic calves remains of interest. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the salicin concentrations of non-standardized white willow bark products, and (2) to investigate the effects of intravenous flunixin meglumine and 3 oral doses (low, medium, and high) of white willow bark on the blood plasma concentrations of the inflammatory biomarker prostaglandin E2 and salicylic acid in healthy calves. The white willow bark product had 2,171 μg/g (0.22%) salicin. Flunixin meglumine lowered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), whereas the white willow bark doses were ineffective at reducing PGE2and achieving a minimum plasma salicylic acid concentration necessary for analgesia in calves. Results indicate that the white willow bark doses used in this experiment are unsuitable for producing analgesia in calves.

Summary: Nutrient removal, in particular nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater is a growing regulatory need, and the use of microalgae may create a unique amalgamation between dairy wastewater treatment and livestock feed production. The current study evaluated the taste preference of specific amounts of algae produced from dairy wastewater on preference of heifer calves. An integrated facility can utilize and recycle nutrients from dairy farm wastewater, as well as carbon dioxide emissions on-site, to simultaneously produce “green” energy, clean water, food, and livestock feed.