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Orientador: Maria Yolanda Makuch Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: Introdução: Programas de preparação para o parto têm sido recomendados para as grávidas e seus acompanhantes como estratégias para lidar com a gestação, parto e parentalidade. Muito já se sabe sobre os benefícios de uma preparação para o parto (PPP), no entanto, poucos estudos, principalmente os que envolvem atividade física, têm uma boa adesão das gestantes. A partir disso, é necessário também ouvir as gestantes em relação às suas perspectivas e à maneira como gostariam que fossem organizados esses programas. Objetivo: Conhecer e compreender a perspectiva das gestantes em relação à PPP. Método: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as perspectivas das gestantes em relação à PPP. As participantes foram selecionadas seguindo a lógica da amostragem intencional e o número de participantes foi definido pelo critério de saturação da informação. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em um hospital universitário de atendimento terciário na região sudeste do Brasil, entre outubro e novembro de 2015. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas, com gestantes de 18 a 35 anos, que estavam entre o segundo e terceiro trimestre gestacional. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas textualmente, e foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo. O projeto teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 22 gestantes. A idade das participantes variou entre 18 e 35 anos, o número de partos variou entre 0 a 3, e a maioria apresentou mais de oito anos de escolaridade. Ao serem perguntadas sobre as atividades que gostavam de fazer no seu tempo livre, mais da metade das participantes relatou atividades que não envolviam fazer atividade física. Em relação ao conhecimento sobre a PPP, todas falaram do exercício físico e alguns benefícios dos exercícios para a melhora na qualidade de vida e disposição, devendo, para a maioria, ser leve. Muitas comentaram sobre empecilhos da prática de atividade física na gestação. Todas acharam importante a orientação sobre técnicas não farmacológicas para controle do trabalho de parto, pois eram vistas como auxílio na diminuição das dores das contrações ou para facilitar a dilatação. A maioria falou da preferência da PPP no mesmo dia do pré-natal, pois seria mais fácil participar. Também relataram que gostariam de receber orientações relacionadas à fisiologia do trabalho de parto, e sobre a recuperação no puerpério. Para algumas gestantes, o conhecimento sobre as informações fornecidas na entrevista foi adquirido por relatos de outras gestantes, por meios de comunicação ou pela própria experiência. Conclusão: Na perspectiva das gestantes os benefícios da PPP estavam atrelados, principalmente, aos benefícios para o trabalho de parto. Gostariam que os encontros fossem no mesmo dia da consulta do pré-natal. A prática de atividade física na gestação não pareceu ser algo desejo, no entanto, falaram que se fossem incentivadas e soubessem dos benefícios, praticariam Abstract: Introduction: Antenatal Education (AE) programs has been recommended for pregnant women and their companions as strategias for coping with gestation, childbirth and development of parenthood. Much is already know about the benefits of the AE programs, however, a few studies especially those involving physical activity have a good adhesion of the pregnant women. Is also necessary to listen to pregnant women about their perspective and how they would like these programs to be organized. Objective: Evaluate the perspective and the knowledge of pregnant women regarding the AE. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to obtain in-depth understanding on women¿s perspectives on AE programs. The participants were recruited by purposive sample and the number of participants was decided following the criterion of data saturation. The data collection were in the antenatal ambulatory to attend high-risk pregnant women at the public maternity teaching hospital in the southeastern region of Brazil, between October e November of 2015. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women aged 18-35 years, between the second and third gestational trimester. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and a content analysis was performed. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: 22 pregnant women were interviewed. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 35 years, the number of births ranged from 0 to 3 and the majority presented more than eight years of schooling. When asked about the activities they liked to do in their free time, more than half of the participants reported activities that did not involve physical exercises. Regarding the knowledge about AE, all spoke of the physical exercise and some benefits of the exercises for the improvement of life quality and liveliness, and they should, according to the majority, be light. Many commented on impediments to physical activity during pregnancy. All found important guidance on non-pharmacological techniques pain control on labor, as they were seen as aiding in reducing the pains of the contractions or to facilitate the dilation. The majority spoke of the preference of AE being in the same day of the antenatal care, because it would be easier to participate. They also reported that they would like to receive guidance related to the physiology of labor, and about recovery in the puerperium. For some pregnant women, the knowledge about the information provided in the interview was acquired through reports from other pregnant women, television or their own experience. Conclusion: From the perspective of pregnant women, the benefits of AE were, mainly, related to the benefits to labor. They would like the meetings to be on the same day as the antenatal consultation. The practice of physical activity in pregnancy did not seem to be a desire, however, they said that if they were encouraged and knew the benefits, they would practice it Mestrado Saúde Materna e Perinatal Mestra em Ciências da Saúde CAPES

One of the main characteristics of German technical language is the nominal style, which includes complex pre-nominal and post-nominal extended modifiers. A commonly held view is that these are less common in Swedish due to language-specific restrictions and preferences. As such, they may pose a challenge to Swedish translators. This essay examines this particular problem and focuses on the translation of four different complex extended modifiers: adjectival, participial, genitival and prepositional.The aim of this study was to determine which syntactic structures are used when these modifiers are translated into Swedish and to identify shifts using the concept “grammatical metaphor”, thereby focusing on the degree of grammatical metaphoricity. For the purposes of this study, a chapter of the technical book Neues Bauen mit Stroh in Europa by Gruber, Gruber and Sentler was translated into Swedish and then analysed with the above-mentioned aims in mind.The study showed that out of the 117 noun phrases with extended complex modifiers in the source text 21 were transposed into a less explicit, direct structure and more metaphorical language. The metaphorization was in some cases a result of simplification/omission of less dense semantic material and/or the translation into compounds. In 46 cases, the extended modifiers showed the same degree of grammatical metaphoricity as the source language expression and thus were re-metaphorized. In the remaining cases, a verbal or more explicit structure was chosen in the translation. This especially proved to be the case with pre-nominal extended adjectival and participial modifiers.

Nachkriegsliteratur, oder Kahlschlags- bzw. Trümmerliteratur wurde zwischen 1945 und 1950 geschrieben. Es war die junge Schriftstellergeneration in der Westzone, die von ihren Erfahrungen mit dem Nationalsozialismus, dem Krieg, dem Leben in Trümmern schrieb. Die Themen dieser Literatur sind demnach Krieg, Tod, Untergang, Gefangenschaft, Trümmer, Heimkehr und Überlebungskampf. Wolfgang Borcherts Drama Draußen vor der Tür ist das wichtigste Beispiel für die Trümmerliteratur und eins der wenigen Dramen, das in der Nachkriegszeit großes Publikum fand. In seinem Drama Draußen vor der Tür, das Borchert einige Monate vor seinem Tod im Jahre 1947 schrieb, geht es um einen Soldaten, Beckmann, der nach 3 Jahren Gefangenschaft in Sibirien in seine zertrümmerte Heimat zurückkehrt. Das Drama wird als ein Protestschrei gegen den Krieg gesehen. Mit Wolfgang Borcherts Lebensgeschichte als Hintergrund entstand die Frage, welche biographischen Berührungspunkte sich in Borcherts Drama Draußen vor der Tür finden lassen, also welche persönlichen Erlebnisse, Erfahrungen, Eigenschaften und Werte werden in seinem Drama widergespiegelt oder zum Ausdruck gebracht.