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Sample preparation for the analysis of clinical samples with the mass spectrometer (MS) can be extensive and expensive. Simplifying and speeding up the process would be very beneficial. This paper reports sponge spraya novel sampling and direct MS analysis approachattempting exactly that. It enables direct analysis without any sample preparation from dried blood, plasma, and urine. The tip of a volumetric absorptive microsampling device is used to collect an exact amount of sample and from that same tip an electrospray can be directed into a mass spectrometer. We demonstrate here that, although with significant matrix effects, quantitation of penicillin G, a common antimicrobial, is possible in plasma and in urine, with essentially no sample preparation.

Dinilysia patagonica gehört zu den geologisch frühesten Schlangen, bei denen Schädel und Achsenskelett in Zusammenhang gefunden wurden. Der Schädel vereinigt primitive lacertilier-artige Merkmale mit primitiven Schlangen-Merkmalen, besonders der Aniliidae und Boidae. Die Wirbelsäule zeigt ursprüngliche Charaktere, aus denen sich Beziehungen zu der kretazischen Coniophis sowie den rezenten Aniliiden und Boiden ergeben; sie hat aber, im Unterschied zum Schädel, eine ausschließlich schlangenartige Morphologie.

In this paper a conductance method is presented for determining the concentration of salts in steam-plant water supplies. The method is applied to determine the purity of steam, of supplies used for boiler-feed purposes, and the concentration of boiler and evaporator water. The conductance data are refined by applying both a water and a CO2 correction. The method for establishing the CO2 correction is based on the preparation of a standard “synthetic” water, and eliminates the errors accompanying the chemical analysis of “pure” water. The conductance meter used may be calibrated in terms of dissolved salts. The relation of dissolved salts to conductance is discussed. Simple commercial equipment is used for measuring conductance. The data are obtained rapidly by the steam-plant personnel, and the results may be applied easily to the control of water conditions.