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69. Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Reticulitermes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from Northern California Indicate Undescribed Species

Author

Haverty, Michael I and Nelson, Lori J

Abstract

Cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures of Reticulitermessamples from disparate locations in northern California were characterized and correlated with species determinations. Literature records indicate that there are two extant species of Reticulitermesin northern California: Reticulitermes hesperusBanks and R. tibialisBanks. We identified five distinct hydrocarbon phenotypes in Reticulitermesfrom northern California. Termites were diagnosed morphologically as R. tibialisfor all five cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes based on available keys to soldiers. Commonly accepted distributions of Reticulitermesin northern California indicate that our primary collection sites should only produce R. hesperus. On the basis of cuticular hydrocarbons alone we suggest that there are two or more undescribed taxa of Reticulitermesin northern California, or that described species of Reticulitermesoccur in northern California, but have never been noticed before. Therefore, we conclude that the taxonomy of Reticulitermesin North America is in need of revision.

Published
1997
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97. Nest growth and survivorship in three species of neotropical Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae)

Author

Haverty, Michael I. and Thorne, Barbara L.

Subjects
ENTOMOLOGY, LONGEVITY, POPULATION dynamics
Abstract

Long-term growth and survivorship of individual arboreal nests were studied in three species of Neotropical termites in the genus Nasutitermes. Of the 29 N. corniger (Motschulsky) and seven N. ephratae (Holmgren) nests monitored in an area of young second-growth in Panama, 12 (41%) N. corniger and four (57%) N. ephratae nests remained active throughout the 9- to 11-mo study. There was no significant differencein survivorship between small and large nests of either species. In surviving N corniger nests with a single queen, the net increase in volume was highly correlated (r = 0.87, n = 9) with queen wet weight. There was a marked seasonality to nest expansion in both N. corniger and N. ephratae, with growth occurring almost exclusively during the wet season. Seventeen N. acajutlae (Holmgren) nests were monitored for 4-9 yr on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. Four of the 17 (23.5%) N. acajutlae nests survived the study period, and two more abandoned their original nest and relocated. Within this limited sample of colonies, N. acajutlae nests that were large (> 150,000 cm3) at the beginning of the study had a higher probability of survivalthan did small (<100,000 cm3) nests. Nest budding, relocation, and resprouting are mechanisms that Nasutitermes may use to create a new nest for all or a portion of an established colony. The ontogeny of incipient Nasutitermes colonies is discussed as a sequence in which a young colony remains cryptic within wood, building its population size to a point where the colony can maintain and defend a nest. Early in a wet season, termites then venture from within wood to build and occupy a small arboreal nest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

98. Seasonal foraging and feeding behavior of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a wildland and a residential location in northern California

Author

Getty, Gail M., Copren, Kirsten A., Haverty, Michael I., and Lewis, VernardR.

Subjects
ANIMAL feeding behavior, ECOLOGY, PONDEROSA pine, WOOD
Abstract

Seasonal activity of Reticmliterines was observed at 2 sites using AB8 pipe monitoring stations. At a wildland site, 68 of the monitoringstations were occupied by termites during the study; 53, 10. and 5 for hydrocarbon phenotypes A, B, and C, respectively. At the residential site. 26 monitoring stations were occupied; 1-4 and 12, for hydrocarbon phenotypes A' and D. respectively. Live body weights of workersaveraged 2.28, 1.16, and 1.66 mg for phenotypes A. B. and C. respectively, at the wildland site. The workers had similar live body weights at the residential site; phenotype D averaged 2.40 mg, slightly more than the 2.26 mg for phenotype A'. There were no discernible seasonal or monthly trends in live body weights. The percentage of the monitoring stations occupied ranged from 76.7-89.3% and 81.2-93.5% at thewildland and residential sites, respectively deg. . The estimated number of termites was low in the late fall through the early spring and peaked from June to October at the wildland site and peaked from June to November or December at the residential site. Wood consumption by Reticulitermes followed similar trends at both sites. Wood consumption was minimal during the winter, increased slightly in the spring and early summer, peaked in the summer and early fall, then declined in the late fall. Wood consumption reached 1.1-1.3 g per day per monitoring station at the wildland site and 0.8 g per day per monitoring station at the residential site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999

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