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Background: This study was conducted to assess the prospective association between dietary polyphenols intakes and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods: Participants in this study (n = 4559) were selected from among the adults of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) with an average follow-up of 5.9 + 2.5 years. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were measured at baseline and follow-up examinations. A reliable and valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intakes. The incidence of MetS and its components in relation to polyphenols and its subclasses (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes) was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: Of the 4559 subjects who enrolled in the present study, 1765 were male aged 38.6 + 14.2 y and 2794 were female aged 35.9 + 11.7 y. The hazard ratios of MetS were 25% lower in Q2 (HR, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.64-0.88), 22% lower in Q3 (HR, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.65-0.94) and 24% lower in Q4 (HR, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.61-0.95) in comparison to Q1, whereas the results for subclasses of polyphenol were non-significant. The risk of high blood pressure (BP) reduced from quartiles 1 to 4 for phenolic acid (HR: 1.00, 0.88, 0.79, 0.80, Ptrend = 0.03). The risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased across quartiles of phenolic acid (HR: 1.00, 1.22, 1.07, 1.30, Ptrend = 0.02). Conclusion: This study highlights the potential protective role of total dietary polyphenols in the prevention of MetS. These findings could be the starting point of upcoming trials to illuminate the optimal level of polyphenols deriving from the intake of polyphenolrich diets to prevent MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the lack of data clarifying the manner in which women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in different eras of their life perceive their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), this study aimed at investigating the association between MetS and HRQoL in reproductive age and post menopausal women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) and HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of poor HRQoL with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for reproductive age and post-menopausal women separately and adjusted for confounding variables. Results: All 603 participants with (n = 340) and without (n = 263) MetS were studied. Overall, in both physical and mental domains, those without MetS had higher scores in all subscales of SF-36 except for vitality, role emotional and mental component summary. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for poor physical HRQoL were 2.8 (1.7-4.6); (P < 0.001) and 1.5 (0.7-3.4) for the reproductive age and post-menopausal groups, respectively. Compared to the post-menopausal group, the odds ratio of reporting poor HRQoL for reproductive age women was significantly higher, even after adjusting for age (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that MetS is associated with poor HRQoL in reproductive age, but not in post-menopausal women, and the association is observed mainly in relation to physical rather than mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The contribution of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subclasses to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a subject of debate., Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate these associations in a population with a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and CVD., Methods: In a nested case-control study, HDL-C and its subclasses (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) in 370 age and gender-matched case and control subjects were determined. This study employed multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, and HDL2-C/HDL3-C (both as continuous and categorical variables) with incident CVD and CHD. The present study models were adjusted for a comprehensive set of confounders, including body mass index, current smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, use of lipid-lowering drugs, family history of premature CVD, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides., Results: In multivariate analysis, when considering lipoprotein parameters as continuous variables, a 1-unit increase in HDL-C and HDL3-C was associated with a reduced risk of incident CVD and CHD. For CVD, the ORs (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were 0.95 (0.92 - 0.98) and 0.95 (0.93 - 0.98) for HDL-C and HDL3-C, respectively. The corresponding values for CHD were 0.94 (0.91 - 0.97) and 0.94 (0.91 - 0.97). In the categorical approach to lipoprotein parameters, higher quartiles of HDL-C and HDL3-C, compared to the first quartile, were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident CVD and CHD. The ORs (95% CI) for the fourth quartiles were 0.43 (0.25 - 0.74, P for trend = 0.003) and 0.46 (0.27 - 0.78, P for trend = 0.005) for HDL-C and HDL3-C regarding CVD and 0.32 (0.17 - 0.59) and 0.32 (0.18 - 0.59) (all P for trend = 0.001) regarding CHD, respectively. Paradoxically, across quartiles of HDL2-C/HDL3-C, this lipid ratio was associated with a higher risk of CHD (92% higher risk in the fourth quartile)., Conclusions: The results showed that HDL3-C, but not HDL2-C, was primarily responsible for the protective effect of HDL-C against CVD, particularly CHD, in Iranian adults., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023, Chary et al.)

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is known to be the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We aimed to assess the impact of changes in 3 years in different blood pressure (BP) categories on incident CVD., Methods: In this study, 3,685 Tehranians aged ≥30 years (42.2% men) free of prevalent CVD with BP level <140/90 mmHg and not on BP-lowering medications were enrolled. Participants were grouped according to baseline BP category using the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline definition: normal BP (<120/80 mmHg), elevated BP (120-129/<80), and stage 1 HTN (130-139 and/or 80-89). The hazard ratio of incident CVD by changes in the BP category was estimated after adjustment for traditional risk factors using Cox's proportional hazard model, with stable normotension as a reference., Results: During a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 346 CVD events (men = 208) occurred. Compared to the reference group, among participants with normal BP at baseline, only those with BP rising to stage 1 HTN [1.47 (0.99-2.16)], and among those with stage 1 HTN at baseline, regression to elevated BP [1.80 (1.11-2.91)], remaining at stage 1 [1.80 (1.29-2.52)], and progression to stage 2 HTN [1.81 (1.25-2.61)] had a higher risk for CVD; however, regression to normal BP attenuated this risk [1.36 (0.88-2.12)]. Conversion from elevated BP to any other categories had no significant association with CVD risk., Conclusions: Generally, prevalent stage 1 HTN (regardless of changing category) and incident stage 1 HTN were significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD; even regression to elevated BP did not attenuate the risk. Accordingly, these populations are potential candidates for antihypertensive management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Kabootari, Tamehri Zadeh, Hasheminia, Azizi and Hadaegh.)