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URL: http://sutad.selcuk.edu.tr/sutad/article/view/710, Bâkî, birçok yönden klâsik şiirin en büyük şairlerinden biri sayılmıştır. Şiir dilinin imkânlarından sonuna kadar faydalanmaya çalışan şair kafiye, redif, vezin, ses tekrarları, ritim ve ahenk gibi ögelerle şiirlerinin müzikâl bir nitelik kazanmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada şiirlerinde ses uyumuna ve ahenkli söyleyişe büyük bir önem veren şairin Gitdi Kayser kasrınuñ tâk u revâkı kalmadı Nice Kisrâ geçdi tâk u tumturâkı kalmadı matla῾lı gazeli şerh edilmiş, gazeldeki ritim ve ahenge dair ögelerin manaya katkısı gösterilmiştir. Bâkî, şiirlerinde sözü güzel, etkili ve ahenkli söylemeye önem vermiştir. Bunun için türlü ahenk ve ritim uygulamalarından faydalanmaya çalışmıştır. Bu sırada anlamı da göz ardı etmeyip anlamı ses ve çeşitli düzeydeki tekrarlar yoluyla, ritmik yapılarla desteklemiştir., Bâkî is regarded as one of the major poet of classical poetry in many aspects. The poet, who made use of the form of verse to the utmost, provided his poems with musical characteristics with figures such as rhymes, redifs, prosodies, sound repetitions, rhythms, and harmony. Bâkî also placed much emphasis on consonance and harmonious pronunciation in his poetry. In this study, the first couplet of his ghazal which is as follows; Gitdi Kayser kasrınuñ tâk u revâkı kalmadı Nice Kisrâ geçdi tâk u tumturâkı kalmadı was expounded, and the contribution of figures regarding rhythm and harmony to the meaning in the ghazal was revealed. Bâkî cared much about eloquence and harmony in his poetry. Hence, he tried to make use of various practices of harmony and rhythm. Meanwhile, he did not ignore the meaning, and strengthened the meaning with repetitions in the sound level and in other levels, and with different rhythmic qualities.

Klasik Türk edebiyatında farklı şairlerin divanlarında mükerrer şiirlere rastlamak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada böyle bir özellik gösteren, aynı yüzyılda yaşamış iki şairin divanında aynen yer alan bir şiirin kime ait olduğu sorgulanmıştır. Bâkî ve Âşık Çelebi divanlarında aynen yer alan ve maktasında her iki şairin de mahlasının bulunduğu bu gazel, müşterek şiir-nazire - intihal çerçevesinde incelenmiş, gazelin her iki şairin divanına nasıl girdiği sorgulanmıştır. Çeşitli başlıklar altında (maddi deliller, muhteva, üslup, nazire, sentaks, söz dizimi…) değerlendirilen gazelin gerçek sahibi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Applications of strengthening works have accelerated gradually due to earthquakes in recent years. Different strengthening methods are being used in order to bring the structures with insufficient strength to those levels specified by current codes. In most of the applications, the bonding between the new structural elements and the concrete of the old structure is established with the chemical anchors. Although they are used widespread in the practice, there are not any sufficient details in Turkish Standards for the design and application of these anchors. In this work, a comparison of ACI318 and the Turkish Standards for anchor shear strength is given. As the result, it has been concluded that there are vital differences between ACI and the Turkish Standards and that an immediate revision is needed for the Turkish Standards.

This study investigates the relations between “Belief in a Just World” (BJW), religiosity and victim-blaming attitudes. In particular, the influence of BJW and religiosity on social attitudes is probed. Recent theoretical and psychometric developments in the BJW construct are considered. Thus, 176 Turkish subjects completed measures for BJW-Self (BJW-S)/BJW-Other (BJW-O), “Belief in Immanent/Ultimate Justice,” attitudes towards the poor, and religiosity. Results show that Belief in Ultimate Justice and BJW-S are uniquely related to religiosity. As hypothesized, BJW-O and Belief in Immanent Justice are strongly related to harsh attitudes towards the poor. However, contrary to our expectation, results do not indicate a positive link between religiosity and negative attitudes towards the poor. Study findings also provide strong cross-cultural support for the conceptual and psychometric revisions of the Just-World construct (BJW-S/BJW-O and Immanent/Ultimate Justice).

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare but well-known clinical entity characterized by compression of the third or transverse portion of the duodenum against the aorta by the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in chronic, intermittent, or acute, complete or partial, duodenal obstruction. The treatment for this arteriomesenteric compression includes conservative measures and surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate our surgical management and outcomes of the patients with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. The cases with superior mesenteric artery syndrome admitted between January 2000 and January 2010 were retrospectively investigated from the patients' records. All six patients had a history of chronic abdominal pain, nausea, postprandial early satiety, vomiting, and weight loss. Diagnostic methods included barium esophagogastroduodenography, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and computed tomography. Medical management was the first step of treatment in all cases before surgery. Of those, four underwent Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy and two underwent gastroenterostomy. Postoperative periods were uneventful and mean duration of hospitalization after the operations was 7 days. Conservative initial treatment is usually followed by surgical intervention for the main problem that is the narrowing of the aortomesenteric angle in patients with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with chronic upper abdominal pain. Duodenojejunostomy is the most frequently used procedure with a high success rate.

In this study, production of mortars with disposable polyethylene bottles, but without cement, was investigated. The disposable polyethylene bottles were crushed and converted into fiber formation. Then fibers were molten with different types of sands at the temperature range of 180–200 °C. Some physical (e.g. water absorption and abrasion resistance) and some mechanical (e.g. bending strength, compressive strength, toughness) properties of mortars were tested. The results indicated that bending strength and toughness of mortars were improved. Besides, water absorption of mortar was negligible and abrasion was nearly equal to zero.

This paper presents a laboratory study on the deterioration of blended cement combinations of plain Portland cement (PPC) with red brick dust (RBD) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP). One type of clinker, same Blaine values and two different proportions of additive by mass of clinker, were employed. In addition to these blends, Portland cements without additives were prepared as control specimens. The compressive strength and the sulphate resistance of cements have been experimentally studied in this paper. A series of laboratory tests were undertaken on all specimens. A large quantity of sheet-like C-S-H was found in the mortars incorporating RBD and GBP. The results indicated that the increase in the additive content caused a significant increase in the sulphate resistance of the mortars. Hence, the studied RBD and GBP can be recommended for use as admixtures in cement production. The development of the particular microstructure including the secondary minerals in the plain and blended cements were studied via SEM analysis. SEM images revealed the presence of ettringite and Portlandite minerals, where the former was most probably responsible for the increase (together with the gypsum roses) as well as a decrease of strength based on its formation at different sites and crystal form. Portlandite was responsible for an increase in the specimen strength. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

“Med” is to read a syllable, which is long and ends with doubleconsonants or “hemze” in Arabic and Persian words, as two syllables, one„long‟ and one „short‟. This application was used by the poets tostrengthen the harmony. In Turkish words using med has been acceptedas a misuse. However when some of the examples are examined it can beseen that poets read a lot of words with med. Nowadays studies havebeen carried out on the presence of long vocals. From this point, in somewords, the first or second syllable of which ends with the consonant /ğ/and where there exists a vocal before this /ğ/, such as “ağla-, bağla-,çağla-, yağla-, ağ, çağ, dağ, ırmağ, otağ, sağ, toprağ, barmağ, yaylağ…”,the syllable which has /ğ/, has a long vocal and this syllable wasusually read by poets with med. In this study, the applications andinitiatives of poets on this topic will be analysed. Med, Arapça ve Farsça kelimelerde bir uzun heceyi ya da sonu ikisessiz harfle veya hemze ile biten bir heceyi, bir uzun bir kısa olmaküzere iki hece olarak okumaktır. Bu uygulama şairler tarafından ahengigüçlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Türkçe kelimelerde ise med yapmak birkusur olarak görülmüştür. Oysa örneklere bakıldığında şairler birçokTürkçe kelimeyi medli okumuşlardır. Bugün Türkçede uzun ünlülerinvarlığına dair çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu açıdan baktığımızda ilk ya daikinci hecesi /ğ/ ile biten ve bu /ğ/‟den önce bir ünlü taşıyan bazıkelimelerde “ağla-, bağla-, çağla-, yağla-, ağ, çağ, dağ, ırmağ, otağ, sağ,toprağ, barmağ, yaylağ…” /ğ/‟nin yer aldığı hece uzun ünlülüdür veşairler tarafından çoğu defa medli okunmuştur. Bu çalışmada şairlerinbu konudaki uygulama ve tasarrufları incelenecektir.

Vulnerable buildings and their rehabilitation are important problems for earthquake regions. In recent decades the goal of building rehabilitation and strengthening has gained research attention and numerous techniques have been developed to achieve this. However, most of these strengthening techniques disturb the occupants, who must vacate the building during renovation. In this study, a new strengthening alternative for RC structures, namely exterior shear walls, has been experimentally investigated under reversed cyclic loading. Using the proposed technique, it is possible to strengthen structures without disturbing their users or vacating the building during renovation. In this technique, shear walls are installed in parallel to the building’s exterior sides. It has been observed that the usage of exterior shear walls considerably improve the capacity and sway stiffness of RC structures. The experimental results have also been compared and found to be in agreement with the numerical solutions. Post attached exterior shear walls behaved as a monolithic member of the structure. Design considerations for the exterior shear wall-strengthened buildings have also been discussed in the paper.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the suitability of fly ash and basaltic pumice as additives in the production of high quality clay fired bricks. Clay bricks with/without additives were produced adding equal amounts of fly ash and basaltic pumice, separately and together, with the rates of 5, 10 and 20 wt.%. Each sample was fired at 700, 900 and 1 050°C for 8 h. Bulk density, harmful magnesia and lime, shrinkage, water absorption, compressive and flexural strength, freezing and thawing tests were carried out. The test results were compared with the standard values and they were found to be satisfactory. Finally, it was concluded that both fly ash and basaltic pumice were suitable admixtures and could be used efficiently in fired brick production.

The patients with cancers in the remnant stomachs after previous partial resections for benign diseases constitute a peculiar subset of the patients with gastric cancer. They are generally at advanced stages on admissions due to disregarding the symptoms related to cancer. Twenty six patients with cancer arising from the remnant stomach were analyzed. Clinicopathologic features such as age, gender, time interval between the initial operation and diagnosis of gastric remnant cancer, preoperative symptoms, surgical management, and tumor characteristics like size, location, histopathology, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, and stages were documented. None of the cancers were diagnosed by routine surveillance and all the patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Twenty five patients were qualified for surgery. The resectability rate was 61% (n = 16). The ability to perform a curative resection and tumor location at the anastomotic site were determined as the factors significantly influencing survival (p

In this study, the effects of the use of corncob, wheat straw, and plane leaf ashes (CA, WSA, and PLA) as mineral admixtures on concrete durability were investigated. Ten concrete mixtures were produced in three series with control mixes having 400kg cement content. The control mixes were modified with 2, 4, and 6% of CA, WSA, and PLA in place of fine aggregate. To establish the durability of concrete, the compressive strengths were measured after 7, 28, 90, 180 days, and 18 months under sodium sulfate solution. In the meantime, abrasion resistance and water penetration were investigated. Test results indicate that CA, WSA, and PLA addition provides good workability and abrasion resistance compared to conventional concrete. Test results also showed that minimum abrasion resistance is obtained from the control specimen, while maximum abrasion resistance is obtained from CA3 (6%) specimens. Abrasion resistance is increased as the rate of fine CA, WSA, and PLA is increased. The results indicate that the increase in ash content caused a significant increase in the sodium sulfate resistance of the concretes. Hence, concrete with CA, WSA, and PLA addition can be recommended for the production of durable concrete. © 2008 ASCE.

Sigmund Freud and his theory of psychoanalysis have been going under the intensive scientific inquisitions for many decades and it appears that this will last for many decades to come. Providing a brief overview of the development of the psychoanalytic theory and the debates for and against it, this paper tries to bring attentions to the psychoanalysis as an interpretative enterprise. Drawing on tire recent trend in the Continental philosophy, it argues that even though it has lost its popularity in academic psychology, psychoanalysis has been gaining a new recognition in Humanities as an art of interoperation. In this context, the value of psychoanalysis as “hermeneutics of suspicion” is discussed

There are various ways of obtaining, creating harmony in poems. Among these ways, notably the repetitions that contribute to the musical quality of the poem by forming a harmony have become one of the most widely used sources used by the poets in every era. The poets have created harmony by repeating vowels and consonants in the smallest unit of sound repetitions. Nowadays, the terms assonance and alliteration are used for the sound repetitions within the analysis of harmony. Alliteration is the repetition of consonants to form harmony. The art of alliteration contributes to the poem in both audial and visual ways. Classical Ottoman poetry is based on a literary language which is called Ottoman Turkish. The source of this literary language is the Arabic alphabet. It is known that poets of the classical Ottoman poetry used the letters of this alphabet as several similitude elements. It is possible to say that the sound and plastic values of the letters were taken into consideration by poets when they were used as similitude elements. In this study the unity of sound-image-harmony provided by alliteration in the poetry of Bâkî, who has been one of the greatest poets of the classical Ottoman poetry, is elaborated. When making alliteration Bâkî provided harmony by sound repetition and added visuality to poem by images of letters which are the sources of sounds. Thus Bâkî provided his poems with a two-dimensional quality: visual and audial values. Repetition of sounds is not the only quality to be taken into account in examining alliterations. The visual contribution of the sounds repeated by the poet when making alliterations to the couplet, the cycle of these sounds and the effect of these sounds on meaning and harmony should also be considered, Şiirde ahengi sağlamanın çeşitli yolları vardır. Bunların başında gelen ve bir uyum oluşturarak şiire müzikal değer katan tekrarlar, her dönem şairlerin başvurduğu kaynaklardan biri olmuştur. Bunların en küçük birimi olan ses tekrarlarında, şairler ünlü veya ünsüz sesleri yineleyerek ahengi sağlamışlardır. Günümüzde armoni başlığında incelenen ses tekrarları için asonans ve aliterasyon terimleri kullanılmaktadır. Aliterasyon, ünsüz harflerin bir ahenk oluşturacak şekilde yinelenmesidir. Aliterasyon sanatı, hem sessel hem de görsel olarak şiire katkı sağlar. Divan edebiyatı Osmanlı Türkçesi diye isimlendirilen bir yazı diline dayanmaktadır. Bu yazı dilinin kaynağı da Arap alfabesidir. Divan şairlerinin bu alfabedeki harfleri çeşitli teşbih unsurları olarak kullandığı bilinmektedir. Harflerin teşbih unsuru olarak kullanılırken şairler tarafından taşıdığı ses ve plastik değerinin dikkate alındığını söyleyebiliriz. Bu çalışmada divan edebiyatının büyük şairlerinden biri olan Bâkî’nin şiirlerinde aliterasyon ile sağladığı ses-görüntü-ahenk birlikteliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Bâkî, aliterasyon yaparken ses tekrarıyla hem ahengi sağlamakta hem de sesin kaynağı olan harfin görüntüsüyle şiire bir görsellik katmaktadır. Bâkî böylece şiirine iki yönlü bir özellik sağlamaktadır: Görsel ve işitsel değer. Aliterasyon incelemelerinde sadece ses tekrarına dikkat edilmemelidir. Şairin aliterasyon yaparken tekrarladığı seslerin görsel olarak beyte olan katkısına, bu seslerin dizilimi ile anlam ve ahenge olan etkisine de bakılmalıdır.

The great portion of Turkey is in the earthquake zone. In the last three years, 13 March 1992 Erzincan and 1 October 1995 Dinar earthquakes have occurred. Some important economical and vital loses after these earthquakes showed that the buildings had not been built according to the related standards. Many masonry and reinforced concrete buildings in Dinar were damaged by the earthquake of 6th Richter magnitude. In this study Dinar earthquake and damaged buildings are taken into consideration. The investigations and suggestion arc presented., Büyük bir bölümü deprem kuşağında olan ülkemiz son üç yılda 13 Mart 1992 Erzincan ve l Ekim 1995 Dinar depremlerini yaşadı. Bunun sonunda önemli düzeyde ekonomik kaybın ve can kaybının olduğu deprem bölgelerindeki yapıların depreme dayanıklı olarak inşaa edilmediği gerçeği ortaya çıktı. Bu çalışmada 1 Ekim 1995 Dinar depreminde yerinde yapılan incelemelerin ışığında varılan sonuçlar ele alınarak depremde hasar gören yapılar ve hasar nedenleri incelenmiştir. Dinarda meydana gelen depremden alınması gereken dersler ile benzer tektonik yapıya sahip diğer bölgeler için üzerinde durulması gereken konulara yer verilmiştir.

WOS: 000218425500008, PubMed ID: 26072949

Retrofit of the existing seismically deficient buildings is a common need especially in earthquake prone regions. Chemical anchors are widely used to connect existing and newly added structural elements, such as shear walls. Therefore, modelling the behaviour of anchors which transfer axial and shear forces to the added members is important for design and analyses. There is no anchor model present in the current literature accounting shear behaviour. Therefore, a new model is established using results of a comprehensive experimental study conducted at Pamukkale University Earthquake and Construction Technology Research Laboratory. In this study, mentioned shear model is tested using two- story, one-bay RC frame specimens strengthened with external shear walls. In analyses of the models, SAP 2000 software is used and nonlinear shear behaviour of anchors is represented by NLLink elements. It is concluded that, suggested anchor shear model may be used for modelling external shear wall anchor behaviour.

Strengthening of the structures with external shear walls recently has become an attractive alternative compared to conventional strengthening methods. These external shear walls can be erected either cast-in-place or by pre-casting. However, cast-in-place construction is difficult and time consuming especially in multistory buildings. On the other hand, a single precast panel is too heavy for transportation and assembly. These difficulties might be overcome by producing precast panels as multi-piece panels. However, in that case, behavior of connections between panels will be important as it could control the failure mode of the shear wall. For this reason, this study is aimed at testing the behavior of different types of precast panel connections. Within this study, one monolithic reference model and two precast panel models having anchored connection details were produced. The behavior of connections was tested under reversed-cyclic lateral loads. The results showed that ductility of the models with connections are significantly lower than monolithic specimen. Although, each panel has good RC detailing with proper confinement and concrete quality, connections are the governing elements that control the behavior. Cracking was only observed at the connection, and there were no proper plastic hinge formations at the panels. Therefore, it was concluded that anchored connections cannot be designed for high ductility levels. Some suggestions are made regarding the area of use of anchored connections in precast panels. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

This paper presents an experimental study on the compressive, flexure, toughness and abrasion behaviours of acrylic and carbon fibre-reinforced mortars. The mechanical and physical properties of seven different composite mortars samples containing different amounts of textile fibres were compared with reference samples prepared with standard sand, cement and water. The characteristic properties of the mortars were improved by adding fibre. However, this improvement is directly related to the type and length of fibre used for reinforcing the concrete structure. Mortars containing both carbon and acrylic fibre had more compressive strength. In particular, mortars containing acrylic and carbon had 32% higher compression strength than control mortars. Sample ACI produced with both carbon filaments and acrylic fibres has the highest compressive strength. The brittle property of mortars can be improved by reinforcing it with carbon filaments or acrylic fibres. The toughness of specimens depending on both the fibre type and the length of fibres were observed. (C) 2013 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.

Chemical anchors are getting more frequently used to connect structural elements. The studies regarding the chemical anchors embedded in low strength concrete are very limited in the literature. However, the compressive strength of the concrete may be 10 MPa or lower in many strengthening applications. Steel bars having 12, 16 and 20 mm diameters have been selected as the anchor rod in this study. They have been embedded in to concrete blocks with 5.9 and 10.9 MPa compressive strength. Solvent-free epoxy based three component chemical adhesive has been used for the connection between concrete and anchor bar. The depth of holes is 10, 15 and 20 times that of the anchor diameter. The anchors have been embedded such that they are sufficiently away from the free edge so as not to cause any concrete failure. The load-displacement cycles of all anchors have been obtained by reversed cyclic tests with incremental displacement. The obtained results indicate that increasing the anchor diameter have decreased the shear strength. Even though the anchor damage has been caused by steel failure, a decrease in shear capacity was observed with the lower strength concrete. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Van, a city in Eastern Anatolian Turkey, was hit by two earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw = 7.2 and Mw = 5.6 in October and November 2011. Both earthquakes caused extensive damage to many buildings. Unreinforced masonry buildings, especially in rural areas, suffered from those earthquakes extensively as in many other cases observed in Turkey during other previous earthquakes. This paper presents a site survey of damaged masonry buildings. Reasons for the wide spread damages are discussed in the paper.

Many buildings have either collapsed or experienced different levels of damage during past earthquakes. Several investigations have been carried out on buildings that were damaged by earthquakes. Low-quality concrete, poor confinement of the end regions, weak column-strong beam behavior, short column behavior, inadequate splice lengths and improper hooks of the stirrups were some of the important structural deficiencies (Yakut et al., 2005). Most of those buildings were constructed before the introduction of modern building codes. They usually cannot provide the required ductility, lateral stiffness and strength, which are definitely lower than the limits imposed by the modern building codes (Kaplan et al., 2011). Due to low lateral stiffness and strength, vulnerable structures are subjected to large displacement demands, which cannot be met adequately as they have low ductility. One of the first known examples of strengthening is the strengthening of Hagia Sophia by Sinan the Architect in 1573. With an insight casting light on the modern era, Sinan built buttress type shear walls around the mosque in order to reduce horizontal displacements of the building. When looked at the scientific studies that were carried out on this field, it is seen a research process started in 1950s (Whitney et al., 1955). In those years, infill wall tests which had started to be performed on single storey reinforced concrete frames continued with several structural types and strengthening methods. Deficiencies that emerge in reinforced concrete buildings in terms of stiffness, strength, ductility and redundancy led to studies intended to strengthen buildings against earthquakes. The strengthening methods used today are intended to improve one or some of the behavioral characteristics of buildings listed above. Methods for the strengthening of buildings may basically be categorized into two main groups: System based strengthening and member based strengthening (Moehle, 2000). In the system based strengthening methods, a structural system is modified by adding members such as reinforced concrete shear walls, mainly improving the strength and stiffness characteristics of the system (Jirsa & Kreger, 1989; Albanesi et al., 2006). As to the member based strengthening methods, it is aimed at ensuring an improvement in the ductility of a system by means of enhancements made to those members with inadequate capacity or ductility. In these methods, it can be considered that there are no significant changes occurring in strength and stiffness characteristics of the load-bearing system.

The strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with external steel shear walls was investigated in this study. The proposed technique allows the strengthening of in-service RC structures in parallel to reducing the construction costs and leading to faster and more workable solutions. The experimental program includes three-dimensional RC models, which exhibited some of the structural deficiencies commonly encountered in existing RC structures. The related tests were conducted under the imposed reversed cyclic lateral sway. Accordingly, performance of the proposed strengthening technique is found to be adequate for improving the seismic capacity of existing RC structures. Additionally, base shear capacity and stiffness of the strengthened model were significantly improved. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000280239000012, Huge amounts of cotton and textile ash waste are disposed of by countries all over the world. The majority of cotton wastes and textile ash wastes is expelled in such a way as to cause serious environmental problems. The present study involves experimental research investigating the potential use of cotton and textile ash wastes combination for producing a new and lightweight composite building material with good insulation properties. The results showed that the cotton and textile ash waste bricks fulfill the compressive strength and heat conductivity requirements of the ASTM and Turkish Standards. A cotton and textile ash waste brick house has been found to be superior to a concrete brick house for regulating indoor temperatures. The production process can be easily applied in conventional brick plants. The product is a light weight composite which can be used for making bricks and wall and ceiling panels with good insulation properties.

WOS: 000279650900024, Ottoman mortar is the long-established binding material used for centuries and there are many historical buildings as evidence of its use by Ottomans in Erzurum (Eastern Turkey). The physico-chemical and microscopic properties of the Ottoman mortars in Erzurum have been studied in detail as part of an investigation of the mineral raw materials present in the territory of Turkey. For this purpose, SEM, XRD and EDS analyses of six main types of mortars were carried out showing the presence of organic fibers and calcite, quartz and muscovite minerals. The chemical analyses of the specimens showed that higher SiO(2) + Al(2)O(3) + Fe(2)O(3) contents yielded in higher values of hydraulicity and cementation indices. A significant result of this investigation was that mortars with higher hydraulicity and cementation indices had higher compressive strengths. Most probably this is the main reason why historical Ottoman buildings were resistant against serious earthquakes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this research work, an attempt has been made to find the suitability of the ground blast-furnace slag (GBS) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP) as a possible substitute for conventional crushed fine aggregate. The main purpose of this investigation is to determine the hydro-abrasive erosion (HAE) characteristics of concrete with GBS and GBP as fine aggregates. The results create perspectives of forecasting HAE of concrete structures depending on the types and amount of additives. It was found that the HAE characteristics of concrete had improved when some of the fine aggregates were replaced by GBS and GBP. As the amount of these additives increased, the mass loss of the concrete incorporating GBS + GBP decreased. This improvement can be explained partly by the decrease in the permeability and partly by the HAE resistance of the additives. In addition to these results, the HAE of concrete was strongly influenced by its compressive strength. Furthermore, the increase in the percentage of additives increased the chloride penetration depths, sharply. The results of this investigation suggest that a joint incorporation of GBS and GBP could conveniently be used to improve its HAE characteristics of concrete. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This paper presents a laboratory study on the deterioration of blended cement combinations of plain Portland cement (PPC) with red brick dust (RBD) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP). The compressive strength and the magnesium sulphate resistance of cements have been experimentally determined. The development of the microstructure and the secondary minerals in the plain and blended cements were studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. A series of mechanical tests of cement mortars were undertaken on all specimens. A large quantity of sheet-like C-S-H was found in the mortars that have developed by the addition of RBD and GBP. The results indicated that the increase in the additive content caused a significant increase in the sulphate resistance of the mortars. Hence, the studied RBD and GBP can be recommended for use as admixtures in cement production.

Karaciğer travması sonrası kan basıncının düşmesine neden olabilecek en iyi bilinen sebep olan kanama faktörünün yanı sıra, pek çok neden mevcuttur. Biz bu çalışmada şiddetli karaciğer travması nedeniyle packing uygulanan ve dirençli kardiak dekompresyon nedeniyle erken eksplore ettiğimiz olguları sunduk. İzole karaciğer travması olan 3 hasta incelendi. Bunlarda ikisi diğer hastanelerden packing yapılarak sevk edilmişti. Diğer hastaya ise aktif hemorajisi olduğu için kliniğimizde packing uygulandı. İki hastada künt, birisinde ise penetran yaralanma olmak üzere hepsi grade 4 travmaya maruz kalmıştı. Yoğun bakım izleminde sırasıyla santral venöz basınç (8, 12, 13 mmHg), hematokrit (%26, 27, 29), ve inotrop desteğe rağmen düşük kan basıncı kan basıncı (40/60, 50/70, 45/75 mmHg) değerleri saptandı. Üç hastaya sırayla 8, 10, 14 saat sonrasında packing çıkarılması işlemi uygulandı. İnotrop destek ihtiyacı hastalarda sırasıyla posto peratif 3, 5, ve 6. saatlerde ortadan kalktı. Karaciğer travması sonrası gelişen post reperfüzyon sendromu tedavisinde anestezist ve cerrahın multidisipliner yaklaşımı kesinlikle gereklidir. Packing uygulanan hastalarda rezistans kardiak dekomp resyon geliştiği durumlarda Kontrol laparotomi olabildiğince erken yapılması önem taşımaktadır., In addition to hemorrhage, which is one of the most wellknown factors, there are many other causative factors for serious hypotension after hepatic trauma. In this report, we present patients with persistent cardiac depression after perihepatic packing due to high grade liver injury and report on treatment modalities, including the early second-look procedure. Three patients with isolated hepatic trauma were included. Two of the patients who underwent perihepatic packing were transferred from outside hospitals, and one patient required repacking due to severe hemorrhage. All patients had grade IV injuries due to blunt (n=2) or penetrating injury (n=1). In the intensive care unit, central venous pressure (8, 12, 13 mmHg) and hematocrit (26, 27, 29%) were in the normal range, but blood pressure (40/60, 50/70, 45/75mmHg) was abnormal despite the use of inotropic support. The three patients underwent an unpacking procedure 8, 10, and 14 hours later, respectively. Inotropic support was not required after postoperative hours 3, 5, and 6, respectively.

The aim of this paper is to find a better alternative for the insulation of industrial noise and to improve the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced mud bricks. It was observed that the fibre reinforced mud bricks fulfill the compressive strength and sound insulation requirements of the ASTM and Turkish Standards. Basaltic pumice as an ingredient was found to improve the sound insulation performance of fibre reinforced mud bricks. The experimental results showed that fibre reinforced mud brick, with basaltic pumice as ingredient, can be used in industrial buildings for walls to improve sound insulation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The ornamental stone industries in Turkey produce vast amount of by-product rock waste (marble, granite) that could be used in concrete production suitable for construction purposes. In this work we have highlighted some technical aspects concerning the use of these waste materials. Durability of concrete made with granite and marble as coarse aggregates was studied. River sand and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used as fine aggregates. The results were compared with those of conventional concretes. Slump, air content, slump loss and setting time of the fresh concrete were determined. Furthermore, the compressive strength, flexural- and splitting-tensile strengths, Young's modulus of elasticity, resistance to abrasion, chloride penetration and sulphate resistance were also determined. Control mortars were prepared with crushed limestone as coarse aggregates. The influence of coarse and fine aggregates on the strength of the concrete was evaluated. Durability of the concrete made with marble and GBFS was found to be superior to the control concrete. In the specimens containing marble, granite and GBFS there was a much better bonding between the additives and the cement. Furthermore, it might be claimed that marble, granite and GBFS replacement provided a good condensed matrix. These results illustrate the prospects of using these waste by-products in the concrete production. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acil batın cerrahisi öncesi, yapılacak öncelikli fizik muayene ve takip eden ultrasonografi (US) hastada cerrahi açıdan önemli olabilecek sıvı teşhisinde önemlidir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız ultrasonografinin travma hastalarındaki etkinliğini bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Bir yıllık süre boyunca hastanemiz acil servisine başvuran hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, travma etiyolojileri, sonografik bulgular ve BT sonuçları değerlendirildi. US’da serbest sıvı ve parankimal organ hasarı varlığı denetlendi. Tespit edilen 4102 travma hastasından 306 (7.4 %) hastaya batın US uygulandı. Çalışma grubuna alınan 211 erkek ve 95 kadın hastanın yaş ortalaması 25.6 yıl bulundu. Travma etiyolojileri arasında trafik kazası % 66.9 oranı ile birinci sırayı almakla birlikte, diğer künt travmalar %26.6 ve penetran yaralanmalar %6.1 oranında gözlendi. Yapılan batın US sonrası 79 (%25.8) hastada serbest sıvı saptandı ve 15 olguya acil laparotomi uygulandı. Diğer hastalardan 19’una yalnızca batın ve geri kalanlara ise torakoabdominal BT uygulandı. US ve BT sonuç karşılaştırması, peritoneal lavaj ve operatif bulgulara göre yapıldığında, US ile 21 gerçek (+), 273 gerçek (-), 4 yalancı (+), 8 yalancı (-) sonuç saptandı. US’nin serbest sıvı tespitinde sensitivitesi %72, spesifitesi %97 ve doğruluk oranı %84 olarak bulundu. Acil servislerde travma hastalarına yaklaşımda US görüntüleme açısında ilk sırada uygulanabilir bir tetkik olsa da, hastanın travma mekanizması göz önünde bulundurularak ve klinik şüphe halinde BT ileri tetkik için ikinci yaklaşım olmalıdır., Before emergent abdominal trauma surgery, abdominal evaluation with initial physical examination and subsequent ultrasonography (US) which focuses on detection of free fluid in the abdomen are sufficient to identify surgically significant abdominal injury in traumatized patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of abdominal US compared to computed tomography (CT) in patients with abdominal trauma. In one- year period, the patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal trauma were included in this study. Hospital records were retrospectively reviewed and demographic variables, the etiology of trauma, sonographic findings and results of computed tomography (CT) were checked. Ultrasonographic examination focused on detection of free fluid but included evaluation of parenchymal organs for injury, too. Of 4102 traumatized patients, 306 (7,4%) required abdominal US. There were 211 male and 95 female with a mean age of 25,6 years and etiologies were followed as: traffic accident 66,9%, blunt trauma 26,6%, and penetrating injury 6.1%. Abdominal US was revealed free fluid in 25,8% (n=79) patients and 15 cases underwent emergent laparotomy. Of the remaining patients, 19 were evaluated with abdominal tomography while others were performed both abdominal and thoracic tomography. In comparing US to CT, considering the diagnostic peritoneal lavage, or operative findings, we obtained 21 true positive, 273 true negative, 4 false positive, 8 false negative results. Sensitivity, specifity and accuracy of US in detecting free fluid in abdomen were 72%, 97%, and 84%, respectively. Although, US may be used for the first diagnostic study in the emergency service, in case of clinical suspicion, CT should be the second method for further investigation regarding the injury mechanism.

The aim of this research work is to investigate the seawater resistance of the concrete incorporating ground blast furnace slag (GBS) and ground basaltic pumice (GBP) each separately or both together. The variable investigated in this study is the level of fine aggregate replacement by GBS and GBP. Compressive strength measured on 150 mm cubes was used to assess the changes in the mechanical properties of concrete specimens exposed to seawater attack for 3 years. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to evaluate the microstructure of the specimens under seawater attack. The effects of exposure were determined by direct measurement of the mass loss of steel bars, embedded in the mortar after 1, 2 and 3 years. The abrasion of concrete was also determined according to mass loss of specimens. The test results showed that the presence of GBS and GBP had a beneficial effect on the compressive strength loss due to seawater attack and abrasion value. The results create perspectives of forecasting the durability of concrete depending on the types and amount of additives. Furthermore, specimen CSP80 was found to have higher seawater attack resistance than that of the reference concrete. This improvement can be explained partly by the decrease in the permeability of the specimen and partly by the seawater resistance of the additives. Additionally, the corrosion percentage obtained in the reference specimen was higher than all other specimens. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study blended cements containing corncob ash (CA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were investigated. The blended cements were prepared using a clinker, 5% gypsum by weight CA and GGBFS. Different amounts of additives (20 and 40%) were incorporated into these blends in equal amounts. Control cement, that is, plain Portland cement, without any additions, was also prepared and studied in order to establish the effects of additives to cement. Clinkers from Adana, Cimsa and Mardin were used. CA was obtained by burning corncob waste and had a 500 m2/kg Blaine value, and GGBFS was ground to give a Blaine value of 300 m2/kg for all cements. The compressive strengths were measured for 3, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days in tap water. Their sulfate resistance was determined by compressive strengths after 24 months under sulfate conditions. CA and GGBFS gave an activity index grades of 80 and 71%, respectively. The microstructures and morphology of plain and blended cements were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The micrographs showed that these additives provide more condense structures of cement hydration and excellent sulfate resistance. Thus, CA and GGBFS additives in cement production can contribute to the cement durability. © 2009 Academic Journals.

In this paper, an experimental investigation on the effect of ternary blending on the various properties of cement paste and mortar has been reported. The ternary blended cements have been prepared by using one type of clinker and two types of pozzolans. Two types of grinding techniques, two different fineness values and varying amounts of additives have been employed. Besides these, control pastes and mortars are prepared. The influence of fineness, different grinding techniques and other parameters on the strength of the ternary blended cements has been evaluated. The chemical compositions of the pozzolans are consistent with the requirements given in both the TS 25 (a Turkish standard) and ASTM C 168 standards. The results indicate that the basaltic pumice used in this study, taken from the Osmaniye-Adana province (Southern Turkey), can be used as an admixture in cement production. SEM, XRD and thin section analyses showed that a large quantity of sheet-like CSH was formed when a combination of basaltic pumice and slag were incorporated in the mortar.

WOS: 000220514000001 On 01.05.2003 an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 occurred in Eastern Anatolia causing damage to hundreds of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry buildings. Inspections carried out in the disaster area have given an idea about damage types and quality of concrete used in these buildings. The most interesting point is that lots of school buildings constructed within the last 5-6 years were damaged heavily. Poor concrete quality and poor reinforcement detailing caused damage in these structures. Although many are thought to be constructed according to renewed earthquake code in 1997, it is observed that in construction of collapsed or damaged buildings, code requirements and technical issues are ignored. Some tests after the earthquake showed that the quality of concrete in the damaged buildings is poorer than the one assumed in building projects. In this paper, reasons why the buildings were damaged in the 01.05.2003 earthquake in Bingol, Turkey are given. Some suggestions are made to prevent such disasters in the future. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bu calisma, bankalarda planlama ve kontrol konusunda Isletme literaturunu kismen taramakta ve ilgili ampirik bulgulari okuyucunun dikkatine sunmaktadir. Sonuc olarak; bugune kadar bankalarda planlama ve kontrol konusunda yapilmis olan arastirma yaklasimlarinin teorik ve ampirik aciklama yetersizligi vurgulanmakta ve yeni calismalar icin islem maliyeti teorisi cercevesinde oneriler sunmaktadir. Yeni calismalarda ozellikle ele alinmasi gereken nokta, bankalarda kontrol olgusunun diger imalat sektoru organizasyonlarindan hangi yonlerde farklilastigi olmalidir.

This study presents a new approach based on Genetic Expression Programming (GEP) for modeling of variation of heat of hydration of Portland and blended cements. For that purpose, two different GEP models were developed to generate two mathematical equations. In the GEP Model 1, six input parameters such as the ground blast furnace slag replacement ratio (GBFS), ground basaltic pumice replacement ratio (GBP), clinker and gypsum ratio (CG), cement fineness (CF), grinding type (GT) and time (T) were used. In GEP Model 2, three input parameters such as cement fineness (CF), grinding type (GT) and time (T) were used. The results were highly promising in terms of training performances and prediction accuracies and revealed that the proposed GEP models can be used in the prediction of heat of hydration of blended cements. © 2009 Academic Journals.

Pin-connected precast concrete structures are widely used in some European countries of moderate seismicity. However, this structural system is not earthquake resistant because it does not have enough lateral stiffness or lateral-load resistance. Lack of a rigid diaphragm at the roof level imposes severe forces to connections., It is difficult to strengthen such buildings with conventional strengthening techniques because buildings must be unoccupied before retrofitting, which building owners do not like. To overcome this difficulty, employment of external shear walls and a diaphragm roof level are proposed in this study., A typical pin-connected precast concrete frame and a strengthened structure with the proposed method were tested under-imposed, reversed, cyclic drift of constant rate. The experimental study showed that the proposed method increased lateral stiffness, lateral-load resistance, and seismic energy dissipation and provided a diaphragm effect for the structure.

Bu çalışmanın amacı benign hematolojik hastalıklarda ve dalağın diğer nadir patolojilerinde laparoskopik splenektominin etki ve sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktır. Safra kesesi taşlarının tedavisinde altın standart olan laparoskopik kolesistektominın ortaya çıkmasından çok kısa bir süre sonra diğer karın ameliyatlarında da laparoskopik girişimler hızla yaygınlaşmıştır. Bunlardan biri de laparoskopik splenektomidir. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalında Aralık 1998-Nisan 2004 tarihleri arasında laparoskopik splenektomi uygulanan 18 hasta klinik parametreleri, hastanede kalış süreleri ve komplikasyonları irdelenerek retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar trombotik trombositopenik purpura, immun trombositopenik purpura, otoimmün hemolitik anemi ve dalakta kist hidatik tanılarıyla ile öpere edildiler. Ortalama operasyon süresi 127.7 dk, peroperatuar kan kaybı 333 cc, ortalama dalak boyutu ve ağırlığı sırasıyla 12.5 cm ve 190g olarak saptandı. Onbeş vakada (%83.3) peroperatuar ve postoperatuar dönem sorunsuz seyretti. Üç vakada kontrol altına alınamayan splenik hiler kanama nedeniyle açık cerrahiye geçildi. Mortal seyreden vaka olmadı. Postoperatif hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 4.3 gün olarak saptandı. Güvenli ve etkili olduğu belirtilen, ancak ileri laparoskopik cerrahi beceri eğitimi gerektiren laparoskopik splenektomide deneyim arttıkça operasyon süresi kısalmakta, peroperatuar-postoperatuar komplikasyonlar ve hastanede kalış süresi azalmaktadır. Bu minimal invaziv girişim kronik hematolojik hastalıklar algoritminde daha erken değerlendirilmesi gereken bir yöntem olarak göze çarpmaktadır., The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and results of laparoscopic splenectomy in benign hematological diseases and other surgical diseases of the spleen. Thirteen initial patients, who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy between December 1998-April 2004 at our unit, were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected regarding clinical parametrics, hospital stay and complications. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia and splenic cyst. The mean operative time was 127.7 minutes (range 50-195 minutes). Mean intraoperative blood loss was 333 cc (range 100- 750 cc). The mean spleen size and weight were 12.5 cm. (range 9-17 cm.) and 190 g (range 89-425 g), retrospectively. Intraoperative and postoperative course of 15 (83.3%) patients remained without any complication. There were three conversions due to uncontrolled bleeding of the splenic hilum. There were no deaths. The average length of postoperative stay was 4.3 days (range 2-7 days). It is believed thatlaparoscopic splenectomy is safe and effective. Since it needs advanced laparoscopic surgical skills, operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications and hospital stay decreases with increased experience. Recently, laparosocopic splenectomy is the gold standard for the elective surgery of normal sized spleens. We believe that laparoscopic splenectomy, which provides long term prevention for UP and TTP relapses, should be considered earlier in the algorithm of hematological diseases.

This paper presents a study on the use of pre-stressed precast foundation piles using data collected on a building project that comprised the installation of more than 340 piles. The objective is to assess the presence of product and process variability in demand and supply, and the impact it has on precast pile delivery. Sources of variability in precasting, transportation, and installation are described. As a step towards understanding the complexity of this production system and to show how production planning decisions affect execution, this paper elaborates on two deterministic scenarios and compares those with actual data from the project. Performance of the system is analyzed on the basis of inventory vs. work completed. From the perspective of ‘lean’ thinking the paper then identifies sources of waste and suggests means to eliminate them. It also presents questions for follow-on research.

Ülkemizin öncelikli araştırma alanları arasında enerji verimliliği konusu yer almaktadır. Binalarda enerji verimliliği konusunda en uygun ısı yalıtım malzemesini belirlemek çok önemlidir. Isı yalıtım malzemeleri gün geçtikçe gelişmekte ve çeşit artmaktadır. Gelişmelerin son ürünü olan seramik içerikli ısı yalıtım boyaları uygulamada yer almayı başarmıştır. Ancak bu uygulama, alışılmışın dışında bir uygulama olması nedeni ile bir takım tereddütlere neden olmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında Türkiye?de en çok kullanılan ısı yalıtım malzemesi XPS ile sektöre yeni katılan ısı yalıtımlı boya malzemesinin ısıl performansları deneysel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Deney düzeneği olarak 2x2m taban alanı ve 2,5m yüksekliği olan 3 adet bina modeli üretilmiştir. Deneyin 1.aşamasında üç modele de hiçbir ısı yalıtılmamış olup, sıcaklık değişimleri 4 gün boyunca 10 dakika periyodlar ile takip edilmiş ve kaydedilmiştir. Deneyin 2.aşamasında modellelerden birine referans olması için hiçbir yalıtım malzemesi uygulanmamıştır. Diğer modellerden birine 5 cm kalınlığında XPS, diğerine ise ısı yalıtımlı boya malzemesi uygulanmıştır. Modeller içindeki sıcaklık değişimleri 10 gün boyunca kaydedilmiştir. Deney serisinin 3.aşamasında, tüm modellerin içine aynı güçte ısı kaynakları konularak saat19:20 ile 00:20 arasında 5 saat boyunca ısıtılıp soğumaya bırakılmıştır. Dış ortam ve modellerin sıcaklık değişimleri 10 dakikalık periyodlarla takip edilmiş ve kaydedilmiştir. Deney serisinin sonucunda XPS ısı yalıtım malzemesi beklenen ısıl performansı sağlarken, ısı yalıtımlı boya uygulanan model ile hiç bir ısı yalıtımı uygulanmayan model neredeyse aynı değerler elde edilmiştir. Areas of research include energy efficiency a priority in our country. Energy efficiency of buildings is very important to determine the most appropriate thermal insulation material. Thermal insulation materials are increasing day by day and sort of developing. The end product of the developments in the sector has been involved in ceramics containing thermal insulation coatings. However, this application is not customary and brings doubt.In this thesis, the most commonly used in Turkey XPS heat insulation material, with heat insulation coating material is the new addition of sector the thermal performance of compared experimentally. 3 units have been built models for this experiment. The models has 2x2 m floor area and 2.5 m height. The experiments series has been 3 stage.In first experiment stage, all models are no heat insulated, temperature changes were followed up for 4 days with 10-minute periods and recorded. In second experiment stage, no insulation material applied to one of all models for the be reference. One of other models 5 cm thick XPS and heat insulation coating material is applied to the final model. Temperature change recorded for 10 days in all models. In third experiment stage, all the models put into the same power source of heated for 5 hours.Temperature changes in the external environment and the models that were recorded in 10-minute intervals and recorded. As a result of the test series, the expected thermal performance while providing thermal insulation XPS, insulated thermal insulation coating applied to model and applied model is almost the same values 74

Mevcut yapıların deprem güvenliklerinin belirlenmesi ve yetersiz olanlarının uygun şekilde güçlendirilmesi ülkemiz için önemli bir konudur. Güçlendirilmesi gerekli yapı stokunun çok fazla olması, zaman ve ekonomik kaynakların kısıtlı olması araştırmacıları mevcut yöntemleri geliştirme ve uygulanması kolay, hızlı ve ekonomik yeni güçlendirme yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi doğrultusunda çalışmalar yapmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bugüne kadar yapılan pek çok güçlendirme uygulamasında, mutlaka bina içerisinde de çalışma yapmak zorunda kalınmıştır. Bu da binanın kullanımını aksatmış ve ilave ekonomik maliyetler oluşturmuştur. Pek çok bina için kullanımın aksamaması hayati derecede öneme sahiptir. Bina içerisinden yapılan güçlendirme uygulamaları, zor, zaman alıcı ve pahalı uygulamalardır. Bu zorlukları aşmak üzere PAÜ Deprem ve Yapı Teknolojileri Laboratuarında dış perde ile güçlendirme yöntemine yönelik çalışmalar 2004 yılından bu yana sürdürülmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda dış perdelerin hem hasarlı hem de hasarsız yapılarda başarılı sonuçlar verdiği ve dış perde uygulaması ile yapı kapasitesi ve rijitliğinin artırılabildiği gösterilmiştir. Yapıya sonradan ilave edilen dış perde ile dış perdenin bağlandığı mevcut yapı elemanlarının monolitik şekilde çalışabildiği deneysel olarak gösterilmiştir. Yapı dışından, yerinde dökme veya ön üretimli dış perdeler ile güçlendirilmesi konusunda yapılan çalışmalarda güçlendirme perdeleri tek parça halinde üretilmiş ve mevcut yapı kolon ve kirişleri ile bağlantısı ankrajlarla sağlanarak yerinde uygulanmıştır. Dış-Perde ile yapı bağlantısı konusunda önemli bir mesafe alınmıştır. Ancak, perdelerin prefabrik üretilmesi durumunda özellikle geniş ve uzun prefabrik perdelerin üretimi, taşınması ve montajında da ciddi zorluklar yaşanabilecektir. Bu sebeple dış-perdelerin panellerden oluşturularak çeşitli şekillerde bağlantılarının sağlanmasına yönelik bir deneysel program tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, güçlendirme perdeleri arasında yatay ve düşeyde farklı bağlantı detayları oluşturulmuş ve bu bağlantı detaylarının davranışı deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda dayanım, davranış ve imalat kolaylığı açısından en uygun bağlantı tipleri belirlenmiştir. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için 6 farklı bağlantı detayı geliştirilmiş olup her farklı tip için deney modelleri oluşturulmuş ve tekrarlı-tersinir yatay yükler altında test edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda çelik uç bölgeli panellerin hem yatay hem de düşey bağlantılarının başarılı bir performans sergilediği ancak epoksi ankraj birleşimli yatay bağlantıların istenen performansı gösteremediği görülmüştür. Determining earthquake safety of existing structures and strengthening the insufficient ones in a convenient way are very important for our country. Since structure stocks that needed to be strengthened are too many but time and economical sources are limited the researchers want to improve the existing methods or to determine new strengthening methods that are easy, fast and economic to be applied. In many strengthening applications made till now working inside the building is necessary. This hinders the using the building and causes additional economic costs. This is very important problem for most of the buildings. Strengthening applications made inside the building are hard, expensive and need much time. The studies about strengthening by outer shear walls are being made at PAU Earthquake and Structural Technologies Lab. Since 2004 to overcome such difficulties. It is shown from the study results that the outer shear walls give succesful results at both damaged and undamaged strucutres and that the capacity and the stiffness of the structure can be increased by outer shear wall application. It also shown that outer shear wall applied later can work monolitik with the existing structural member that the outer shear wall connected. In the studies made for the strengthening by exterior shear walls, cast in-situ or precast, the strengthening shear walls are produced as one piece and fixed to the beams and columns of the existing structure by anchorage systems. A considerable imrovement has been achieved about the connection of the exterior shear wall with the structure. But, in case of producing the shear walls precast, serious diffuculties would be observed in the production, transportation and erection , especially for long and wide shear walls. For his reason, an experimental programme has been designed to test various connection types used for forming the exterior shear walls from smaller panels. In this study, various connection details between the strengthening shear walls vertically and horizantally have been desinged and the behaviour af these connections has been investigated experimentally. As a result of the experimental studies, most suitable connection types have been determined from the point of strength, behaviour and production. For his purpose, 6 different connection types have been designed and experimental models for each type have been produced and tested under lateral repeated reversal loadings. As a result, it is observed that the performance of the connection of the panels with stell end region was succesfull but the performance of the lateral connections with epoxy anchorage systems was not succesful.