Search

A flexible dental school curriculum in which the basic science courses are integrated, modular, and supplemented by self-instruction programs is described. (Editor)

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

A-55, Contents iii{Andrew F. Gallman.} 1PROTO-SOUTH-EAST MINDANAO AND ITS INTERNAL RELATIONSHIPS. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Purpose 1 1.2. Previous Classifications 1 1.3. Geography 4 1.4. Source of Data 5 1.5. Abbreviations 5 2. THE PHONEMIC SYSTEMS IN PSEM 6 2.1. The Phonemic Systems of the SEM Languages 6 2.1.1. The Consonants 6 2.1.2. The Vowels 8 2.2. The Phonemic System of Proto-South-Eastern-Mindanao 8 2.2.1. Proto-Consonants 9 2.2.1.1. *p 9 2.2.1.2. *t 9 2.2.1.3. *k 9 2.2.1.4. *b 9 2.2.1.5. *d 10 2.2.1.6. *g 10 2.2.1.7. *m 11 2.2.1.8. *n 11 2.2.1.9. *ŋ 11 2.2.1.10. *s 11 2.2.1.11. *l 12 2.2.1.12. *ʔ 13 2.2.1.13. *w 14 2.2.1.14. *y 15 2.2.2. Proto-Vowels 15 2.2.2.1. *a 15 2.2.2.2. *ɨ 15 2.2.2.3. *i 17 2.2.2.4. *u 17 3. THE RELATIONSHIP OF KAMAYO AND DAVAWENYO TO THE SEM LANGUAGES 17 4. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE PSEM GROUP 19 4.1. Lexicostatistical Analysis 19 4.2. Phonological Features 21 4.3. Analysis in Terms of Probabilities 22 4.4. Summary and Conclusions 24 5. RECONSTRUCTION AND COGNATE SETS 25 6. CONCLUSION 26NOTES 46BIBLIOGRAPHY 49{E. Joe Allison} 53PROTO-DANAW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MARANAW, MAGINDANAW, AND IRANUN. 1. INTRODUCTION 53 1.1. Purpose 53 1.2. Abbreviations 53 1.3. Previous Classifications 54 1.4. Historical Background 55 2. THE PHONEMIC SYSTEMS 56 2.1. Essential Aspects of MAR, MGD, and IRN Phonologies 56 2.1.1. Consonants 56 2.1.2. Semi-vowels 57 2.1.3. Vowels 58 2.2. The Phonemic System of Proto-Danaw 59 2.2.1. Proto-Consonants 59 2.2.1.1. *p 59 2.2.1.2. *t 59 2.2.1.3. *k 59 2.2.1.4. *b 60 2.2.1.5. *d 60 2.2.1.6. *g 61 2.2.1.7. *m 61 2.2.1.8. *n 61 2.2.1.9. *ŋ 61 2.2.1.10. *s 62 2.2.1.11. *l 62 2.2.1.12. *r 62 2.2.1.13. *ʔ 63 2.2.1.14. *w 63 2.2.1.15. *y 63 2.2.2. Proto-Vowels 64 2.2.2.1. *a 64 2.2.2.2. *ɨ 64 2.2.2.3. *i 65 2.2.2.4. *u 65 3. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE DANAW GROUP 65 3.1. The Subgrouping Hypothesis 65 3.2. Lexicostatistical Analysis 66 3.3. Functor Analysis 66 3.4. Phonological Innovations 69 3.4.1. Phonemic Change in Proto-Danaw 69 3.4.1.1. PDAN *b-*w Merger 69 3.4.1.2. PDAN Loss of Stem-Initial Consonant 70 3.4.2. Phonemic Changes in MAR, MGD, and IRN 71 3.4.2.1. MAR-IRN Vowel Assimilation 71 3.4.2.2. MGD-IRN Glottal Stop Loss 71 3.4.2.3. MGD r-1 Merger 72 3.4.2.4. MAR Consonant Cluster Reduction 72 3.5. Morphological Features 72 3.5.1. Deictics 72 3.5.2. Verbal Affixes 73 3.6. Shared Lexicon 74 3.7. Summary and Conclusions 77 4. RECONSTRUCTIONS AND COGNATE SETS 78 4.1. Proto-Danaw Reconstructions 79 4.2. English Index of Proto-Danaw Reconstructions 91APPENDIX 1. Modified Swadesh 100-meaning List 96APPENDIX 2. Danaw Functor and Qualitative Wordlist 98NOTES 102BIBLIOGRAPHY 108{Carol W. Harmon} 113PROTO-MANOBO PRONOUNS AND CASE MARKING PARTICLES. 1. INTRODUCTION 113 2. PRONOUNS 114 2.1. Independent Nominative 114 2.2. Oblique 116 2.3. Nominative Enclitic 117 2.4. Genitive 118 3. CASE MARKING PARTICLES 122 3.1. Personal Noun Markers 122 3.2. Common Noun Markers 123 4. CONCLUSIONS REGARDING MANOBO INNOVATIONS 125 4.1. Changes From Proto-Austronesian Pronominal Innovations 125 4.2. Intra-Manobo Developments From Proto-Manobo 126NOTES 129BIBLIOGRAPHY 131Table 1 - Manobo Independent Nominative Pronouns 119Table 2 - Manobo Oblique Pronouns 120Table 3 - Manobo Nominative Enclitic Pronouns 120Table 4 - Manobo Genitive Pronouns 121Table 5 - Reconstructions of Manobo Pronouns 121Table 6 - Manobo Case Marking Particles 124Table 7 - Reconstructions of Manobo Case Marking Particles 125{Jeannette Witucki} 135CHAMORRO PREFIXES: I. 1. INTRODUCTION 135 2. KNOWN PREFIXES WITH INITIAL /a/ 135 2.1. /á-/ 136 2.2. /án-/ 136 2.3. /atsá-/ 137 3. FURTHER /a/ INITIAL PREFIXES 137 3.1. /a-/ 137 3.2. /a-/ ~ /ha-/ 138 3.3. /áʔ-/ 139 3.4. /aka-/ 140NOTES 141BIBLIOGRAPHY 142

Contents iii

Item does not contain fulltext

Muscle tone was tested at the shoulders and wrists of 49 randomly selected poststroke patients with the use of resting joint position (SJP and WJP), resistance to passive movement or stiffness (SRM and WRM), and angle of appearance of resistance (SAR and WAR). Subjects were tested while seated with their arm supported in a suspension sling adapted for free movement. Five of the first and immediately repeated measurement pairs showed strong correlations and interrater reliability (SJP, .839; WJP, .900; SRM, .886; WRM, .904; SAR, .884 [p < .05]). The sixth (WAR) showed moderate reliability (.618, p < .05). Resting joint position measurements were most reliable among subjects with higher tone. The joint first measured had a slight order effect on SRM among subjects with higher muscle tone. Its second measurements were slightly increased over the first among those subjects whose shoulders were measured first and slightly reduced when measured immediately after the wrist. Reliable means of clinical evaluation of muscle tone at the shoulder and wrist are available if the influence of level of tone and the mutual influence of muscles tested are prudently considered.

Comparing self-assessed indicators of subjective outcomes such as health, work disability, political efficacy, job satisfaction, etc. across countries or socio-economic groups is often hampered by the fact that different groups use systematically different response scales. Anchoring vignettes have been introduced as an effective tool to correct for such differences. This paper develops an integrated framework in which objective measurements are used to validate the vignette based corrections. The framework is applied to vignettes and objective and subjective self-assessments of drinking behavior by students in Ireland. Model comparisons using the Akaike information criterion favor a specification with response consistency and vignette corrected response scales. Put differently, vignette based corrections appear quite effective in bringing objective and subjective measures closer together. Diageo Ireland PLC ; Higher Education Authority Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions (PRTLI) ; NIA