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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the actor–partner effects of attitudes toward group‐based inequality as measured by social dominance orientation (SDO) and marital quality, and the indirect actor–partner effects of SDO on marital quality via ambivalent sexism and partners' perceptions of their own relationship power toward their partner. Background: Previous research suggests that certain social attitudes play a role in relationship processes. However, it is unclear whether broader views on social inequality could have an effect on partners' marital quality. Method: Ninety heterosexual married couples in Turkey (N = 180) responded via an online survey on SDO, marital quality, relationship power, and ambivalent sexism. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and actor–partner interdependence model of mediation (APIMeM) were conducted to examine the direct and indirect actor–partner effects. Results: For indirect effects, men's SDO was negatively associated with their marital quality through their relationship power and hostile sexism. No significant indirect effects were found for women. However, women's relationship power was positively and their benevolent sexism was negatively associated with their own and their partners' marital quality. Conclusion: Our findings help develop a more comprehensive understanding of how the political, social, and personal aspects of our lives are connected with one another. Implications: Our study points to the importance of exploring the topic of men's and women's views toward social inequality and its effects on their close relationships in clinical practice and relational education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance in reasoning tasks such as Raven's matrices experiences a dramatic increase over cognitive development, but the mechanisms responsible for this increase are unknown. Many cognitive processes are involved in a matrix task and could potentially change with age; strategy use appears to be a good candidate, as it typically improves over development and has a large impact on reasoning performance in adults. The present study tested the role of effective strategy use in Raven's standard progressive matrices in groups of 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-year-olds (total N =474). Strategy usewas assessed with behavioral measures of gaze patterns in Raven's matrices. We also measured working memory capacity (WMC), a good predictor of strategy use in adults, using a battery of complex spans. The results showed that the effective strategy of constructive matching substantially increased with age, along with performance. Strategy use mediated over half the effect of age on reasoning performance. Older participants were also better at adapting strategy use to difficulty of the problems. Effective strategy use was beneficial to the same extent for participants of all ages. Age-related improvements in strategy use occurred in tandem with improvements in WMC, but did not appear to be primarily driven by them. Overall, our results indicate that strategy use is a critical underpinning of reasoning performance in children as well as in adults, and that theories of cognitive development of reasoning have to consider the central role of strategy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated in a pilot study the effects of various types of visual mediation (photos, written words and self-paced syllabic segmentation of written words displayed on a touchscreen tablet) that are thought to facilitate the oral production of nonverbal and minimally verbal children with autism, according to the participants' level of oral language development and, more specifically, their ability to produce delayed echolalia. We also sought to identify the cognitive characteristics that need to be taken into account when seeking to develop the oral production of nonverbal children with autism. Results showed that the nonverbal and minimally verbal children with autism were able of using written words to produce them orally. Their performance was largely dependent on their level of language development. Tasks combining written and oral modalities prompted some of them to engage in oral production for the first time (isolated syllables for nonverbal children) and allowed others to produce non-random strings of syllables (minimally verbal children).

It is argued that self-regulation skill is necessary both for displaying constructive behaviour and for controlling negative social behaviour, and self-regulation might affect social behaviours by increasing the ability to understand others' minds. In this research, in order to examine different aspects of self-regulation and their similarities and differences in terms of their relations with other constructs, we focused on both effortful control and executive function and investigated their concurrent associations with socially competent and aggressive behaviours and theory of mind (ToM). The participants were 212 preschool children in Turkey. We assessed executive functions with behavioural measures and effortful control with mother reports. We used six tasks for comprehensive assessment of mental state understanding. Children's social competency and aggressive behaviour were assessed with teacher reports. Structural equation modelling results showed that when age and receptive language were controlled, ToM was significantly associated with social competence but not aggressive behaviour. Both effortful control and executive functions were significantly related to social competency and ToM; the pathways from each self-regulation skill were similar in strength. ToM was linked with social competence, but it did not have a mediating role in the relations of self-regulation with social competence. The findings highlighted the importance of self-regulation for socio-cognitive and social development in the preschool years.

Introduction: Fletcher defines Round cell tumors as a heterogeneous, highly aggressive malignant tumors featuring primitive, small and monotonous undifferentiated morphology with increased N: C ratio. They mostly occur in children, adolescents and young adults and can occur anywhere in the body and differential diagnosis is particularly difficult due to their undifferentiated features. Increase in the burden of cancers including the round cell tumors has make it necessary for the need to diagnose accurately and also to determine the magnitude of the problem. Aims and objective: To find out the prevalence of round cell tumor in a pediatric cancer patient coming to Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, To make the list of differential diagnosis possibility based on histopathology and To see the results of immunohistochemistry. Methods: It was a retrospective study from July2014- june2019. All cases reported as round cell tumors till the age of 18 yrs were collected from the records of pathology department. 148 cases were selected. Medical history was obtained from the patient’s files: clinical examination, age at diagnosis, gender, location and histological findings. Paraffin blocks were retrieved and reviewed. Histological sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. immunohistochemistry (IHC) was repeated whenever necessary. Results: The most common pediatric round cell tumors in Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati is Ewing Sarcoma/PNET followed in descending order by Non Hodgkin Lymphoma > Hodgkin Lymphoma > Rhabdomyosarcoma > Neuroblastoma > Myeloid sarcoma > Neuroendocrine tumor > Wilm’s tumor = Poorly differentiated > Synovial Sarcoma = Rhabdoid tumor of kidney. Male predominate female (M: F ratio = 1.2: 1) in overall round cell tumors. Conclusions: There were significant overlap in morphology of the small round cell tumors, but careful search of the detailed history, location of tumor and presentations with imaging findings helped us to come to a probable diagnosis. Though IHC is indispensible and a very important routine accessory tool in making a diagnosis of small round cell tumor, the conclusion must be made knowing the fact that there is no antibody exclusively specific for a particular tumor entity and there could be cross-reactivity among various tumors. Interpretation of IHC results is not simply the description of positive or negative stains. Therefore, the conventional H&E morphology of the tumor in addition to the characteristics of each antibody, and the expression pattern of each targeted antigens must be considered.

Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium widely used as a starter culture in the manufacture of dairy products, especially a wide variety of cheeses. Improved industrial strains would help to manufacture better food products that can meet the industry's and consumer's demands with respect to e.g. quality, taste, texture and shelf life. Bacteriophage infection of L. lactis starter cultures represents one of the main causes of fermentation failure and consequent economic losses for the dairy industry. In this study, however, we aim at employing bacteriophages for beneficial purposes. We developed an experimental setup to assess whether phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer could be used to enhance the genetic characteristics of L. lactis strains in accordance with the European law regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the food industry. Although we could not show the transfer of chromosomal DNA we did successfully transduce two dissimilar plasmids from L. lactis strain MG1363 to one of its derivatives employing three different lactococcal bacteriophages.

The interplay between different forms of social relationships, that is, perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust, on subjective health evaluations was examined for the first time. There were 1241 respondents who had a romantic relationship. After adjusting for the covariates, findings suggested that greater perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust led respondents to report better subjective health. The positive link between perceived partner responsiveness and subjective health was more pronounced among the respondents reporting a lower level of institutional trust. Such an interaction could be an indicator pointing out the compensatory role of close relationship dynamics. Given that finding, public health authorities and practitioners could be encouraged to be aware of the adaptive function of social ties on health and focus on maintaining the strength of intimate social ties and building trust between authority gradients. This suggestion could especially be adaptive not only during "normal" times but also during post‐disaster circumstances (e.g., COVID‐19). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies (Ab), which we think have an effect on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE), in pregnant patients with healthy placentas and placentas with PE. The expression of these antibodies has been investigated in a limited amount of former research, but their role in PE has not yet been clarified. With this study, we aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of PE and the detection of new target molecules for treatment. Materials and Methods: Parturients with singleton pregnancy at 32 weeks or above without any maternal or fetal pathology who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital between 11 January 2020 and 7 January 2022 were included in the present study. Pregnant women with coexisting disease or a pathology related to the placenta (ablation placenta, vasa previa, hemangioma, etc.) were excluded. CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies were histopathologically and immunohistochemically detected in 60 placentas with PE (study group) and 43 healthy placentas (control group). Results: CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 proteins were all more intensely expressed in preeclamptic placentas and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all three antibodies (p < 0.001). Deciduitis, perivillous fibrin deposition, intervillous fibrin, intervillous hemorrhage, infarct, calcification, laminar necrosis and syncytial node were found to be significantly more common in the study group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed that CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 expressions increased in preeclamptic placentas. These Ab may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PE, which can be illuminated with further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the discriminative ability of the revised Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule module 4 algorithm (Hus and Lord in "J Autism Dev Disord" 44(8):1996-2012, 2014) in 93 Dutch males with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, psychopathy or controls. Discriminative ability of the revised algorithm ASD cut-off resembled the original algorithm ASD cut-off: highly specific for psychopathy and controls, lower sensitivity than Hus and Lord (2014; i.e. ASD 0.61, AD 0.53). The revised algorithm AD cut-off improved sensitivity over the original algorithm. Discriminating ASD from schizophrenia was still challenging, but the better-balanced sensitivity (0.53) and specificity (0.78) of the revised algorithm AD cut-off may aide clinicians' differential diagnosis. Findings support using the revised algorithm, being conceptually conform the other modules, thus improving comparability across the lifespan.