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Abstract Accurate mastery of the creep characteristics of unsaturated saline soil is extremely important for the long-term stability and safe operation of all types of buildings. In this paper, the research object focused on the saline soil of the Zhangye area, Hexi corridor. The indoor triaxial CU creep test was carried out by means of graded loading to study the creep characteristics of saline soil under different salt content and loading stress. The Merchant and Burgers models were used to predict the creep behavior of the saline soils, and the predicted results were compared with the experimental values. The results showed that the triaxial creep curve of saline soil developed in stage III. Namely, transient creep stage, deceleration creep stage and steady-state creep stage. The creep deformation increases with the increase of salt content and loading stress. The stress–strain isochronous curve has non-linear growth, and the cluster of curves develops from dense to sparse after increasing to long-term strength (100∼150 kPa). The parameters of the Merchant and Burgers model vary with salt content and loading stress, and the creep curve predicted by the Burgers model is closer to the test value.

The deep learning neural network method is used to complete the non-intrusive load decomposition task, which often has the problems of poor model performance and low decomposition accuracy. In order to solve the problem that the decomposition accuracy is reduced because the model cannot fully learn all the power characteristics of a specific load in deep learning, a non-intrusive method based on the combination of TCN-LSTM two-layer neural network and strongly correlated power sequence is proposed. Firstly, the load decomposition algorithm learns the time-attribute power information mapping relationship through TCN, obtains the load state pre-identification result and coupling it with the prior data, obtains the independent strongly correlated power sequence of each electrical device to replace the original aggregate power sequence to improve the proportion of the target signal in the mixed signal, and inputs it into the LSTM to capture advanced time-domain information. The measured power sequence is used as a label to implement the neural network model. After training, the decomposed power sequences of five experimental loads were obtained and compared with the actual power sequences. In the part of case analysis, the UK-DALE public data set is used to verify the algorithm in the paper, and by comparing the algorithm in the paper with two typical algorithms, the effectiveness of the model in the paper is verified, and the high-precision load decomposition task is completed.

A novel AgCuTi brazing foil with a unique microstructure was developed, which could achieve strong vacuum brazing of Ti6Al4V (TC4) and sapphire. The brazing foil was composed of Ag solid solution (Ag(s,s)), Cu solid solution (Cu(s,s)), and layered Ti-rich phases, and had a low liquidus temperature of 790 °C and a narrow melting range of 16 °C, facilitating the defect-free joining of TC4 and sapphire. The sapphire/TC4 joint fabricated by using this novel AgCuTi brazing foil exhibited an outstanding average shear strength of up to 132.2 MPa, which was the highest value ever reported. The sapphire/TC4 joint had a characteristic structure, featuring a brazing seam reinforced by TiCu particles and a thin Ti3(Cu,Al)3O reaction layer of about 1.3 μm. The fracture mechanism of the sapphire/TC4 joint was revealed. The crack originated at the brazing seam with TiCu particles, then propagated through the Ti3(Cu,Al)3O reaction layer, detached the reaction layer from the sapphire, and finally penetrated into the sapphire. This study offers valuable insights into the design of active brazing alloys and reliable metal–ceramic bonding.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune inflammatory disease involving multiple orbital tissues with a variety of clinical manifestations, which has serious effects on the life quality of patients.Interventions of TAO mainly include medical treatment to stabilize thyroid function, reduce inflammation and regulate immune function, as well as surgical treatment to relieve ocular symptoms. Botulinum toxin type A can paralyze muscles by blocking nerve impulse conduction at the neuromuscular junction, which is of certain therapeutic value for restrictive strabismus due to extraocular muscle involvement and upper eyelid retraction due to involvements of levator palpebrae superioris and Müller's muscle in TAO patients, especially when they have surgical contraindications, lack surgical opportunity, or refuse surgery. This paper reviews the application of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of TAO, focusing on its pharmacological mechanism, dosage, effectiveness, and possible complications when treating restrictive strabismus and upper eyelid retraction, and discussing potential therapeutic values of botulinum toxin type A for intraocular pressure elevation, glabellar frown lines and dry eye caused by extraocular muscle compression in TAO patients, in order to provide a reference for clinical intervention.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are safe and efficacious treatments for advanced primary liver cancer (PLC). The efficacy of different ICIs in the treatment of liver cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a difference in the efficacy and safety of various programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of unresectable PLC. Patients with PLC treated with lenvatinib in combination with PD-1 inhibitors (camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, or pembrolizumab) between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Tumor response, adverse events, and grades were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to compare the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients treated with different PD-1 inhibitors. Cox regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to identify clinical variables related to treatment efficacy. This study included a total of 176 patients who received a combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors. Of these, 103 patients received camrelizumab, 44 received tislelizumab, 20 received sintilimab, and 9 received pembrolizumab. There was no significant difference in the pairwise comparison of camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, and pembrolizumab using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Adverse events occurred in 40 (22.7%) patients (grade ≥ 3, 2.3%). The incidence of grade 3 adverse events among the four PD-1 inhibitor groups was below 5%. Camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, and pembrolizumab are viable options for patients with unresectable PLC. These PD-1 inhibitors in combination with lenvatinib showed good safety profiles. The results guide selecting treatment for patients with unresectable PLC.

Abstract An ideal blackbody absorbs all light impinging on it, and it radiates electromagnetic waves with a broad spectrum that depends only on the temperature. Conversely, a white object is characterized by a finite reflectance to visible light, hence being the opposite of a blackbody. Challenging this concept, here we find that various substances exhibit strong optical absorption capabilities like blackbodies when exposed to intense light, despite appearing pure white in the sunlight. We name this phenomenon photoinduced blackbody effect. Under near infrared light, the photoinduced blackbody effect is accompanied by photon avalanche optical frequency conversion and optical bistable luminescence. Namely, the energy states and absorption properties of the samples are modified under strong laser irradiation. The modified absorption transitions cause the switch of the sample from a quasi-whitebody into a quasi-blackbody via an avalanche mechanism. At the same time, the sample emits a broadband electromagnetic radiation, becoming a bright blackbody.

Abstract Climate warming leads to frequent extreme precipitation events, which is a prominent manifestation of the variation of the global water cycle. In this study, data from 1842 meteorological stations in the Huang–Huai–Hai–Yangtze River Basin and 7 climate models of CMIP6 were used to obtain the historical and future precipitation data using the Anusplin interpolation, BMA method, and a non-stationary deviation correction technique. The temporal and spatial variations of extreme precipitation in the four basins were analysed from 1960 to 2100. The correlation between extreme precipitation indices and their relationship with geographical factors was also analysed. The result of the study indicates that: (1) in the historical period, CDD and R99pTOT showed an upward trend, with growth rates of 14.14% and 4.78%, respectively. PRCPTOT showed a downward trend, with a decreasing rate of 9.72%. Other indices showed minimal change. (2) Based on SSP1-2.6, the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme precipitation changed by approximately 5% at SSP3-7.0 and 10% at SSP5-8.5. The sensitivity to climate change was found to be highest in spring and autumn. The drought risk decreased, while the flood risk increased in spring. The drought risk increased in autumn and winter, and the flood risk increased in the alpine climate area of the plateau in summer. (3) Extreme precipitation index is significantly correlated with PRCPTOT in the future period. Different atmospheric circulation factors significantly affected different extreme precipitation indices of FMB. (4) CDD, CWD, R95pD, R99pD, and PRCPTOT are affected by latitude. On the other hand, RX1day and RX5day are affected by longitude. The extreme precipitation index is significantly correlated with geographical factors, and areas above 3000 m above sea level are more sensitive to climate change.

The design of efficient and robust non-precious metal electrocatalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great value for developing green energy technologies. The in-situ formed high-valence (oxy)hydroxides species during the reconstruction process of pre-catalysts are recognized as the real contributing sites for OER. However, pre-catalysts generally undergo a slow and inadequate self-reconstruction. Herein, we reported a PO43− optimized CoFe-based OER catalysts with amorphous structure, which enables a fast and deep reconstruction during the OER process. The amorphous structure induced by ligands PO43− is prone to evolution and further form active species for OER. The electron interaction between metal sites can be modulated by electron-rich PO43−, which promotes generation of high active CoOOH. Simultaneously, the etching of PO43− from the pre-catalysts during the catalytic process is in favor of accelerating the self-reconstruction. As a result, as-prepared pre-catalyst can generate high active CoOOH at a low potential of 1.4 V and achieve an in-depth reconstructed nanosheet structure with abundant OER active sites. Our work provides a promising design of pre-catalysts for realizing efficient catalysis of water oxidation.

Study region: Catchment area above the Huaxian station along the Wei River Basin, China. Study focus: This study attempts to construct a new Non-stationary Standardized Streamflow Index (NSSI) applicable to the variable streamflow sequence of the Wei River Basin based on the climate index and the optimal anthropogenic index, and analyse the drought characteristics of the basin. The climate index is used to quantify climate change factors and three anthropogenic indices are used to quantify the factor of human activities, including the reservoir index, the human-induced index calculated based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model machine learning approach, respectively. New hydrological insights for the region: The human-induced index based on the LSTM model is more suitable for quantifying anthropogenic factors in the Wei River Basin. The NSSI performs better than the SSI in drought identification. The NSSI based on the LSTM model can capture more frequent severe drought and extreme drought events. The frequency of severe drought and extreme drought is higher in summer and autumn than in the others. The NSSI can better characterize the hydrological drought processes under a non-stationary condition, thus it can provide a more effective reference for regional drought assessment and related policy-making from the perspective of a changing environment.

The aim of this study was to design a novel matrix tablet with enhanced dissolution and pH-independent controlled release of sildenafil citrate (SIL), a drug with pH-dependent solubility, by using solid dispersions (SDs) and polyelectrostatic interactions. SIL-loaded SDs were prepared using various polymeric carriers such as poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, Soluplus®, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K 12, and PVP K 17 by the solvent evaporation method. Among these polymers, Soluplus® was found to be the most effective in SDs for enhancing the drug dissolution over 6 h in pH 6.8 intestinal fluid. SIL was well dispersed in Soluplus®-based SDs in an amorphous form. When the Soluplus®-based SDs were added in the tablet containing positively charged chitosan and negatively charged Eudragit® L100, the drug release rate was further modulated in a controlled manner. The charge density of the tablet was higher at pH 6.8 than at pH 1.2 due to the polyelectrostatic interaction between chitosan and Eudragit® L100. This interaction could provide a pH-independent controlled release of SIL. Our study demonstrates that a combinatory approach of Soluplus®-based SDs and polyelectrostatic interactions can improve the dissolution and pH-independent release performance of SIL. This approach could be a promising pharmaceutical strategy to design a matrix tablet of poorly water-soluble drugs for the enhanced bioavailability.

ABSTRACT: Chicken chaphamaparvovirus (CkChpV) is a newly emerging pathogen that is currently prevalent in chickens with diarrhea symptoms. To diagnose CkChpV more conveniently and rapidly, this study established a multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assay, with a reaction time of only 15 min and optimal reaction temperature of 38°C. In combination with the lateral flow dipstick assay, the CkChpV-MIRA assay can be completed within 20 min. We revealed that the detection limit of the MIRA assay using standard plasmids as templates was as low as 21.3 copies, and its sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of nested PCR. Moreover, the designed primer set and probe could only detect CkChpV specifically, and there was no cross reaction with avian nephritis virus, rotavirus, chicken parvovirus virus, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus, which may cause diarrhea. These findings demonstrated that the CkChpV-MIRA assay established in this study is convenient, sensitive, and specific and does not require sophisticated equipment. It is more suitable for the detection of CkChpV in clinical samples.

This study selected ten condition factors from the perspectives of topography, geological structure, hydrology and human for mining subsidence mapping by two types of models (knowledge-driven model and data-driven model) by taking Jining City, China as an example. The knowledge-driven model is achieved by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the data-driven model is achieved by frequency ratio (FR), combined with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and entropy evaluation method (EWM). Based on these models, the areas under receiver operating characteristic curve are 0.777, 0.949, and 0.938, which means FR-FCE obtained the highest accuracy. The differences reflected by the three methods are concentrated in Liangshan County and central to northern areas of Weishan County. The best model was proposed for the protection measures and land use management. Finally, the factors system and methods used in this study can be widely applied to the mining subsidence susceptibility evaluation in plain areas.

ABSTRACT Oral disease, as a class of diseases with very high morbidity, brings great physical and mental damage to people worldwide. The increasing burden and strain on individuals and society make oral diseases an urgent global health problem. Since the treatment of almost all oral diseases relies on materials, the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies has also promoted innovations in the treatment methods and strategies of oral diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the application strategies in advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases according to the etiology of the diseases and the comparison of new and old materials. Finally, the challenges and directions of future development for advanced materials and technologies in the treatment of oral diseases were refined. This review will guide the fundamental research and clinical translation of oral diseases for practitioners of oral medicine.

Abstract Background Clinical instructional strategies and the climate in which teaching and learning take place have a significant impact on the quality of dental education. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of early microsurgery training on the skills of dental intern students who are planning to join an oral and maxillofacial surgical field (DIS) as compared with junior residents within an oral and maxillofacial surgery department who had no microsurgery experience (JR). Methods A total of 100 trainees, 70 were DIS, while the other 30 were JR. The average age was 23.87 ± 2.05 years for DIS group and 31.05 ± 3.06 for JR group. All trainees attended a microsurgical course (theoretical and practical parts) for seven days within a Microvascular Laboratory for Research and Education of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Two blinded examiners had assessed the performance of trainees independently using a specific scoring system. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the effect of microsurgery training between DIS and JR groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The DIS group had showed higher attendance rate than JR group (p

This paper proposes a method to optimize reinforcement layout of three-dimensional members under a state of complex stress and multiple load cases (MLCs). To simulate three-dimensional members, the spatial truss-like material model is adopted. Three families of truss-like members along orthotropic directions are embedded continuously in concrete. The optimal reinforcement layout design is obtained by optimizing the member densities and orientations. The optimal design of three-dimensional member is carried out by solving the problem of minimum volume of reinforcing bars with stress constraints. Firstly, the optimized reinforcement layout under each single load case (SLC) is obtained as per the fully stressed criterion. Second, on the basis of the previous results, an equivalent multi-case optimization is proposed by introducing the idea of stiffness envelope. Finally, according to the characteristics of the truss-like material, a closed and symmetrical surface is adopted to fit the maximum directional stiffness under all SLCs. It can be proved that the densities and orientations of truss-like members are the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the surface coefficient matrix, respectively. Several three-dimensional members are used as examples to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in finding the best reinforcement layout design of each reinforced concrete (RC) member and to verify its efficiency in application to real design problems.

The extent of problems in quantum chemistry for which quantum algorithms could provide a speedup is still unclear, as well as the kind of speedup one should expect. Here, the authors look at the problem of ground state energy estimation, and gather theoretical and numerical evidence for the fact that an exponential quantum advantage is unlikely for generic problems of interest.

Key points In terms of clinicopathology, the probability of AR expression in different subtypes of breast cancer was various, and the positive expression of AR was associated with lower histological grade and lower Ki-67 level. In terms of ultrasound, the positive expression of AR was associated with unsmooth margin, posterior acoustic shadowing and stiffer on strain elastography, and AR + and AR– tumors performed differently when analyzed separately according to different molecular subtypes. The positive expression of AR could be a sign of a better prognosis in breast cancer.

A comprehensive assessment of representative satellite-retrieved (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA)), reanalysis-based (fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5)), and gauge-estimated (Climate Prediction Center (CPC)) precipitation products was conducted using the data from 807 meteorological stations across mainland China from 2001 to 2017. Error statistical metrics, precipitation distribution functions, and extreme precipitation indices were used to evaluate the quality of the four precipitation products in terms of multi-timescale accuracy and extreme precipitation estimation. When the timescale increased from daily to seasonal scales, the accuracy of the four precipitation products first increased and then decreased, and all products performed best on the monthly timescale. Their accuracy ranking in descending order was CPC, IMERG, TMPA, and ERA5 on the daily timescale and IMERG, CPC, TMPA, and ERA5 on the monthly and seasonal timescales. IMERG was generally superior to its predecessor TMPA on the three timescales. ERA5 exhibited large statistical errors. CPC provided stable estimated values. For extreme precipitation estimation, the quality of IMERG was relatively consistent with that of TMPA in terms of precipitation distribution and extreme metrics, and IMERG exhibited a significant advantage in estimating moderate and heavy precipitation. In contrast, ERA5 and CPC exhibited poor performance with large systematic underestimation biases. The findings of this study provide insight into the performance of the latest IMERG product compared with the widely used TMPA, ERA5, and CPC datasets, and points to possible directions for improvement of multi-source precipitation data fusion algorithms in order to better serve hydrological applications.

The sterilization of liquid eggs plays a crucial role in the production of liquid egg products. Traditional pasteurization techniques can easily cause protein denaturation, while non-thermal sterilization techniques are often constrained by processing intensity and time. Improving the effectiveness of liquid egg sterilization while preserving the stability of its functional attributes poses a significant challenge. In response to this issue, a synergistic ultrasonic mild thermal sterilization system for liquid eggs is proposed, accompanied by the optimization of its process parameters. COMSOL is employed to simulate the acoustic field distribution of the ultrasonic–thermal system in the liquid egg medium. Verification is conducted through acoustic intensity measurements, and analysis is performed to obtain the optimal arrangement of ultrasonic transducers. Based on Modbus communication, an ultrasonic–thermal synergistic sterilization system is designed. Sterilization experiments are conducted with both 20 kHz + 28 kHz and 20 kHz + 40 kHz multifrequency ultrasound, compared with traditional 20 kHz single-frequency ultrasound. The results indicate that multifrequency ultrasound improves sterilization efficiency by approximately 15% compared to traditional single-source ultrasound. Utilizing multifrequency ultrasonic–thermal synergistic sterilization experiments, a three-factor, three-level response surface test is conducted with sterilization rate and foaming properties as evaluation criteria. The results indicate a strong correlation between ultrasonic frequency, processing time, heating temperature, and sterilization performance, with the impact magnitude being sterilization temperature > processing time > ultrasound frequency. Parameter optimization analysis is performed using a genetic algorithm, yielding sterilization conditions of 55 °C, 11 min and 30 s processing time, and 20 + 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The liquid egg sterilization rate is 99.32%, an average decimal reduction of 3.17 log values, and foaming properties are 42.79%.Through comparative analysis, it is determined that the sterilization rate of the ultrasonic–thermal synergistic sterilization system meets national standards, and functional properties such as foaming are superior to traditional pasteurization. This validates the proposed ultrasonic–thermal synergistic liquid egg sterilization control system as effective and feasible.

During the life activities of microorganisms, a variety of secondary metabolites are produced, including antimicrobials and antitumor drugs, which are widely used in clinical practice. In addition to exploring new antibiotics, this makes it one of the research priorities of Actinomycetes to effectively increase the yield of antibiotics in production strains by various means. Most antibiotic-producing strains have a variety of functional regulatory factors that regulate their growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis processes. Through the study of precursor substances in antibiotic biosynthesis, researchers have revealed the precursor biosynthesis process and the mechanism by which precursor synthesis regulators affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which can be used to obtain engineered strains with high antibiotic production. This paper summarizes the supply of antibiotic biosynthesis precursors and the progress of research on the role of regulators in the process of precursors in biosynthesis. This lays the foundation for the establishment of effective breeding methods to improve antibiotic yields through the manipulation of precursor synthesis genes and related regulators.

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, with an estimated 47% increase in cancer patients from 2020 to 2040. Increasing research has identified microorganism as a risk factor for cancer development. The oral cavity, second only to the colon, harbors more than 700 bacterial species and serves as a crucial microbial habitat. Although numerous epidemiological studies have reported associations between oral microorganisms and major systemic tumors, the relationship between oral microorganisms and cancers remains largely unclear. Current research primarily focuses on respiratory and digestive system tumors due to their anatomical proximity to the oral cavity. The relevant mechanism research mainly involves 47% dominant oral microbial population that can be cultured in vitro. However, further exploration is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between oral microbiota and tumors. This review systematically summarizes the reported correlations between oral microbiota and common cancers while also outlining potential mechanisms that may guide biological tumor treatment.

Chaphamaparvovirus carnivoran2 (feline chaphamaparvovirus, FeChPV) is a novel feline parvovirus originally detected in Canadian cats in 2019, and it has also been identified in domestic cats in other nations. To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of FeChPV in China, rectal swabs of pet cats from Henan, Guangdong, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia provinces were collected. Of the 230 samples subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction, 6 (2.6%) tested positive for FeChPV. Although all positive samples were from cats with diarrhea, statistical analyses revealed no correlation between the presence of the virus and clinical symptoms (p > 0.05). Phylogenetic trees of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and capsid protein (VP1) demonstrated that these six new strains formed a major branch with other reference FeChPV strains and considerably differed from Chaphamaparvoviru carnivoran1. Moreover, recombination analysis revealed that the FeChPV strain CHN20201025, previously detected in a dog, was a recombinant and strains CHN200228 and CHN180917, identified in this study, were the closest relatives to the parental strains. The findings of this study and a previous study wherein FeChPV was detected in dogs suggest that FeChPV can propagate between species. Additionally, these findings indicate that the genetic diversity of FeChPV can provide an insight into the epidemiological status of FeChPV in China.

Background: There is limited knowledge on the yield of performing capture-based targeted ultradeep sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate gene variations and performance characteristics in BAL and tissue specimens using targeted sequencing. Methods: This cohort study retrospectively enrolled 20 patients with advanced NSCLC. The variant detection percentage, correlation of tumor mutation burden (TMB), and allele frequency heterogeneity (AFH) were compared between paired BAL and tissue samples. A three-tiered system was also applied for the interpretation of gene variants according to the guidelines. Results: No statistical difference was observed in variant detection between BAL and tissue samples ( P = .591 for variant tier and P = .409 for variant type). In general, BAL achieved higher detection rates in tier I variants (96.2% vs 84.6%) and gene fusions (75% vs 50%) compared with tissue samples; tissue samples had better variants detection rates for other variants, such as tier II (89.6% vs 76.0%), tier III (87.1% vs 72.6%), single nucleotide variant (SNV, 89.6% vs 76.5%), insertion/deletion/duplication (InDel, 74.6% vs 69.8%) and copy number variation (CNV, 93.8% vs 43.8%). Besides, there were significant correlations of TMB ( R 2 = 0.96, P

The textured surfaces to reduce light reflectivity by using acid-alkali chemical etching and SiNx films are generally necessary for commercial crystalline silicon solar cells. However, this etching process requires a large amount of environmentally harmful acid-alkali solution and has limited options for texture and size. To overcome these disadvantages, a new anti-reflection strategy is proposed in this study, which is using soft nanoimprint lithography to prepare the textured structures on the outside of the SiNx films. The polyurethane with a high refractive index of 1.64 is selected as the texture material, and different templates are selected to prepare it into different light trapping structures, including positive-inverted pyramids, inverted lace cones, and positive-inverted moth-eye nanostructures allowing for easy customization of the textured structures. The finite element simulation and experiments demonstrate that these light trapping structures have a wide spectrum anti-reflection performance in visible and near-infrared bands. With the back surface of the commercial passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) bi-facial solar cells as the imprint substrates, some light trapping structures can reduce the surface weighted average light reflectivity (Rw) at the band of 300–1200 nm from 18.31% to less than 10% and the optimal structures can reduce Rw to 8.71%. This anti-reflection strategy can also be applied to thin-film solar cells and crystalline silicon solar cells of other structures, such as HIT, Topcon, Perovskite/c-Si tandem, and so forth, which shows great development potential.

Neointimal hyperplasia persists as a barrier following vascular interventions. Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor that possesses a distinctive fork head domain and indirectly contributes to various physiological processes. FoxO1 expression and signaling also impact the energy metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells, potentially influencing neointimal hyperplasia. Our hypothesis is that FoxO1 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rat patch angioplasty model. Four groups were compared in a rat aorta patch angioplasty model: the control group without treatment, patches coated with AS184286 (a FoxO1 inhibitor) in a PLGA matrix, patches coated with FoxO1 in a PLGA matrix, and patches coated with MLN0905 (a PLK1 inhibitor) in a PLGA matrix. The patches were harvested on Day 14 and subjected to analysis. FoxO1-positive and p-FoxO1 cells were observed after patch angioplasty. The addition of FoxO1 through patches coated with exogenous FoxO1 protein in a PLGA matrix significantly inhibited neointimal thickness (p = 0.0012). The treated groups exhibited significantly lower numbers of CD3 (p = 0.0003), CD45 (p

Temporal-based methods effectively improve the utilization rate of remote sensing images but large ratios of missing information still need to be improved in the reconstruction models. In this article, based on the imaging theory with the help of a radiation correction model, a decoupling-reconstruction network (DecRecNet) for image reconstruction is proposed. The network uses a ground content radiation (GCR) correction module and imaging environment radiation (IER) correction module and their corresponding loss functions to decouple the image radiation information into GCR related to the ground objects and IER related to the imaging conditions and carry out targeted processing to achieve the purpose of missing information reconstruction. The GCR consistency loss function is used to preserve the ground content information, and the IER consistency loss function and IER smoothness loss are used to coordinate the imaging environment. The radiation-guiding module further performs targeted radiation adjustment on the foreground and background images to transfer the background imaging environment to the foreground and consistent radiation information of the same ground object. Compared with the classical U-Net, DeepLabV3+, RFR-Net, and spatial-temporal-spectral deep convolutional neural network methods, our model showed remarkable advantages in cloud occlusion and stripes of Landsat-8 (30 m), GaoFen-1 (2 m), and Landsat-7 (30 m) at various missing ratios, data sources, resolutions, and scenes, and achieving the goal of missing information reconstruction in large missing ratios.

Climate change and anthropogenic interventions have obviously altered the eco-hydrological regimes. A quantitative evaluation and attribution of the eco-hydrological alterations are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the various attributions of eco-hydrological regimes in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). Firstly, the trends and change-point analysis of hydrological elements were examined, and the natural streamflow was reproduced based on the variable infiltration capacity model. Then, the most ecologically relevant hydrological indicators (ERHIs) were selected and combined with the eco-deficit and eco-surplus indicators to assess the degree of eco-hydrological regime alterations. Finally, the relative contributions to eco-hydrological alterations were quantified using the ‘simulated–observed comparison’ method. The results showed that (1) the streamflow of the WRB exhibited significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01), and a significant change point (p < 0.01) of the streamflow series was identified in 1990. (2) Seven representative indicators of hydrological alteration were selected as ERHIs. (3) During the human-induced period (1991–2017), human activities were the dominant factors in the eco-hydrological alterations as well as the variations of the ERHI indexes and the eco-deficit and eco-surplus metrics. Overall, the proposed framework may improve the understanding of the driving forces of eco-hydrological regime alterations under a changing environment. HIGHLIGHTS The principal component analysis was used to remove redundancy and correlation among the indicators of hydrological alterations and determine the ecologically relevant hydrological indicators.; A combination of ERHIs and eco-metrics to assess the eco-hydrological regime alterations at different time scales is used.; The effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on the eco-hydrological regime alterations were quantitatively distinguished.;

Abstract Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressed associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and HER2 has been defined as a therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. We aimed to explore the molecular biological information in ultrasound radiomic features (URFs) of HER2-positive breast cancer using radiogenomic analysis. Moreover, a radiomics model was developed to predict the status of HER2 in breast cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 489 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer. URFs were extracted from a radiomics analysis set using PyRadiomics. The correlations between differential URFs and HER2-related genes were calculated using Pearson correlation analysis. Functional enrichment of the identified URFs-correlated HER2 positive-specific genes was performed. Lastly, the radiomics model was developed based on the URF-module mined from auxiliary differential URFs to assess the HER2 status of breast cancer. Results Eight differential URFs (p

The limited clinical response and serious side effect have been challenging in cancer immunotherapy resulting from immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and inferior drug targeting. Herein, an active targeting TME nanoplatform capable of revising the immunosuppressive TME microenvironment is designed. Briefly, gold nanorods (GNRs) are covered with silica dioxide (SiO2) and then coated manganese dioxide (MnO2) to obtain GNRs@SiO2@MnO2 (GSM). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) membrane is further camouflaged on the surface of GSM to obtain GNRs@SiO2@MnO2@MDSCs (GSMM). In this system, GSMM inherits active targeting TME capacity of MDSCs. The localized surface plasmon resonance of GNRs is developed in near-infrared II window by MnO2 layer coating, realizing NIR-II window photothermal imaging and photoacoustic imaging of GSMM. Based on the release of Mn2+ in acidic TME, GSMM can be also used for magnetic resonance imaging. In cancer cells, Mn2+ catalyzes H2O2 into ·OH for (chemodynamic therapy) CDT leading to activate cGAS-STING, but also directly acts on STING inducing secretion of type I interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, photothermal therapy and CDT-mediated immunogenic cell death of tumor cells can further enhance anti-tumor immunity via exposure of CRT, HMGB1 and ATP. In summary, our nanoplatform realizes multimodal cancer imaging and dual immunotherapy.

Surface deformation data can be used to provide early warnings of geohazards and are useful in a variety of research fields. The Small BAseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) boosts the data sampling rate and improves the accuracy of deformation extraction by restricting the temporal and spatial baselines. However, various factors, such as the types of ground objects and seasons, affect the coherence between SAR images. Traditional SBAS-InSAR employs a fixed temporal baseline, which does not guarantee good coherence and might lead to decorrelation. In this paper, we propose that instead of using a fixed temporal baseline, we directly use the average coherence between SAR images as the baseline constraint index to perform an optimized selection of SBAS-InSAR interferometric pairs, ensuring good coherence of the interferometric pairs and improving the quality of the interferometric fringes. The proposed approach was used to extract surface deformation in two test experiment areas: Houston and Sydney. Compared with the conventional SBAS-InSAR and GPS data, the standard deviation of error of Houston and Sydney dropped from 0.813 to 0.589 and 0.291 to 0.246, respectively; the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 1.082 to 1.041 and 0.485 to 0.334, respectively, indicating that the proposed method has better surface deformation extraction accuracy. After demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed method, it was applied to Pingxiang area, a mining city in China, to effectively extract and analyze the surface deformation induced by mining activities, which proves the universality of this method in different scenarios.

Abstract Background & aims Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC). Some patients with PLC experience symptoms of splenomegaly. Splenomegaly may affect the efficacy of ICIs due to an imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. This study analyzed the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. Methods In this retrospective cohort study of 161 patients with PLC treated with ICIs, splenomegaly was diagnosed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and the impact of splenomegaly on patient survival was analyzed. Results Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we determined that splenomegaly was associated with shortened overall survival (p = 0.002) and progression‐free survival (p = 0.013) in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. Kaplan–Meier analysis further validated our results. The overall survival and progression‐free survival of patients with splenomegaly were significantly shorter than those of patients without splenomegaly (p