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Ensembles of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which integrate multiple deep CNN models to achieve better generalization for an artificial intelligence application, now play an important role in ensemble learning due to the dominant position of deep learning. However, the usage of ensembles of deep CNNs is still not adequate because the increasing complexity of deep CNN architectures and the emerging data with large dimensionality have made the training stage and testing stage of ensembles of deep CNNs inevitably expensive. To alleviate this situation, we propose a new approach that finds multiple models converging to local minima in subparameter space for ensembles of deep CNNs. The subparameter space here refers to the space constructed by a partial selection of parameters, instead of the entire set of parameters, of a deep CNN architecture. We show that local minima found in the subparameter space of a deep CNN architecture can in fact be effective for ensembles of deep CNNs to achieve better generalization. Moreover, finding local minima in the subparameter space of a deep CNN architecture is more affordable at the training stage, and the multiple models at the found local minima can also be selectively fused to achieve better ensemble generalization while limiting the expense to a single deep CNN model at the testing stage. Demonstrations of MobilenetV2, Resnet50 and InceptionV4 (deep CNN architectures from lightweight to complex) on ImageNet, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, respectively, lead us to believe that finding local minima in the subparameter space of a deep CNN architecture could be leveraged to broaden the usage of ensembles of deep CNNs.

Due to the characteristics of thin thickness, rich active sites and short diffusion distance, the carbon nanosheets have been widely used as electrodes for energy storage in supercapacitors. Herein, N-doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (N-MCS) were prepared by using cheap mica powder as template and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin as carbon precursor. The ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was introduces as porogen to create rich mesopores and to increase surface area. The ethylenediamine can be used not only as catalyst for TEOS hydrolysis and RF resin polymerization, but also as nitrogen dopant. The N-MCS faithfully replicated the template morphology, exhibiting sheet-like morphology, porous and N-doping characteristics, which can effectively improve the electrochemical performance.

In the present study a eukaryotic expression vector of varicella zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) was constructed and enabled to express in COS7 cells. Furthermore, a specific immune response against the VZV gE eukaryotic expression plasmid was induced in BALB/c mice. The VZV gE gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector, pcDNA3.1. The recombinant vector was subsequently transfected into COS7 cells using a liposome transfection reagent. The recombinant protein was instantaneously expressed by the transfected cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry, and the recombinant pcDNA-VZV gE plasmid was subsequently used to immunize mice. Tissue expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, the levels of serum antibodies and spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity were investigated. The amplified target gene included the full-length gE gene (~2.7 kb), and the recombinant expression vector induced gE expression in COS7 cells. In addition, the expression plasmid induced sustained expression in vivo following immunization of mice. Furthermore, the plasmid was capable of inducing specific antibody production and effectively stimulating T cell proliferation. Effective humoral and cellular immunity was triggered in the mice immunized with the VZV gE eukaryotic expression vector. The results of the present study laid the foundation for future research into a VZV DNA vaccine.

Composite carbon materials with multiple morphologies (such as spheres/sheets and spheres/tubes) that combine the merits of both structures have a wide range of applications in electrochemistry, catalysis, energy storage, and so on. Therefore, the development of an efficient and simple method for preparing carbonaceous composite materials is a research hot spot. On the basis of the inhomogeneity of 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde (3-AF) polymerization spheres, the hollow 3-AF spheres were obtained after the dissolution of the internal 3-AF oligomer. The dispersed 3-AF oligomer was reassembled with silicate oligomers on the hard template of Mg(OH)2 sheets and hollow 3-AF spheres linked by CTAB through electrostatic force. The obtained N-MCS/HCS possessed both sheet and sphere structure, with a high specific surface area and uniform mesoporous distribution. As an electrode material, N-MCS/HCS exhibited a good specific capacity (270 F g–1 at the current density of 1 A g–1) and outstanding cycling life stability (...

Carbon materials have attracted great attention in CO2 capture and energy storage due to their excellent characteristics such as tunable pore structure, modulated surface properties and superior bulk conductivities, etc. Biomass, provided by nature with non-toxic, widespread, abundant, and sustainable advantages, is considered to be a very promising precursor of carbons for the view of economic, environmental, and societal issues. However, the preparation of high-performance biomass-derived carbons is still a big challenge because of the multistep process for their synthesis and subsequent activation. Herein, hierarchically porous structured carbon materials have been prepared by directly carbonizing dried cauliflowers without any addition of agents and activation process, featuring with large specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure and improved pore volume, as well as suitable nitrogen content. Being used as a solid-state CO2 adsorbent, the obtained product exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.1 mmol g−1 under 1 bar and 25 °C and a remarkable reusability of 96.7% retention after 20 adsorption/regeneration cycles. Our study reveals that choosing a good biomass source was significant as the unique structure of precursor endows the carbonized product with abundant pores without the need of any post-treatment. Used as an electrode material in electrochemical capacitor, the non-activated porous carbon displayed a fairly high specific capacitance of 228.9 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an outstanding stability of 99.2% retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1.

The traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua can prevent and treat hepatitis following an unclear mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of A. annua polysaccharides (AAP) on hepatitis C virus (HCV). A pcDNA3.1/NS3 expression vector was constructed. Ninety female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: high-dose AAP (1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; middle-dose AAP (0.5 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; low-dose AAP (0.1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; HCV/NS3 plasmid; high-dose AAP (1 mg/mL); normal saline control (N = 15). Except the control group and the high-dose AAP group, other groups were inoculated with 50 μg pcDNA3.1-HCV/NS3 plasmid. Serum antigenic-specific antibody was detected after the last immunization, and the levels of secreted IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured. pcDNA3.1/NS3 plasmid was successfully constructed, and the extracted product contained HCV/NS3 sequence. Compared with single inoculation with HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine, the specific antibody levels induced by middle-dose AAP plus HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine were significantly different in weeks 1, 3 and 5 (P0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the antibody levels induced by high-dose and low-dose AAP as adjuvant compared with those of single inoculation with DNA vaccine (P0.05). The level of serum IFN-γ secretion was significantly higher than that of IL-4 secretion. Compared with the single HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine group, AAP plus HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine groups had significant increased IFN-γ levels (P0.05), but the IL-4 levels were not significantly different among these groups (P0.05). AAP, as the adjuvant of HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine, can widely regulate the humoral immunity and cellular immune function of normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice. AAP can promote IFN-γ secretion probably by inducing Th1-type cellular immune response.

Mesoporous carbonaceous materials (MCMs) with a 2-D hexagonal (p6mm) mesostructure are synthesized through evaporation induced self-assembly on the surface of cigarette filters by using phenol/formaldehyde resol as a carbon precursor, triblock copolymer F127 as the template and cigarette filters as the matrix scaffold. The obtained MCMs incorporate the advantages of cigarette filters and phenol/formaldehyde resol, and results in enhanced performance for phenol adsorption and CO2 capture. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the obtained carbon materials have an ordered p6mm mesostructure and good thermal stability. The MCMs possess a uniform pore size (5.1 nm), large surface area (526 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.39 cm3 g−1), as well as exhibiting a considerable phenol adsorption (261.7 mg g−1) and CO2 capture (2.48 mmol g−1).

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and to determine the expression of CYP7A1, ABCG5, and LXRβ therein. We recruited 30 patients with type II DM (including 15 patients complicated with coronary heart disease and 15 patients with DM only) and 15 normal controls for this study. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated for macrophage culture. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP7A1, ABCG5, and LXRβ were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The macrophage cholesterol efflux rate was determined with 10% autoserum and standard serum as receptors. We determined that the expression levels of macrophage CYP7A1 mRNA and protein in the type II DM group were significantly lower than those in the control group, but no differences were found in the ABCG5 and LXRβ expression levels between the groups. The macrophage cholesterol efflux rate in the patients with type II DM was also significantly decreased compared with that of the normal control subjects (P < 0.01). Furthermore, CYP7A1 mRNA expression and macrophage cholesterol efflux rate were significantly positively correlated. In summary, this study demonstrated that the macrophage cholesterol efflux in patients with type II DM was significantly reduced, and that this reduction was associated with the down-regulation of CYP7A1 expression.

Hollow mesoporous silica spheres with wormlike mesoporous were synthesized by a dual-templating method using resorcinol/formaldehyde resin spheres as hard templates and cationic surfactant (CTAB) as soft template. The average particles diameters were adjusted by changing molar ratio of TEOS/CTAB. Carambola-like silica materials with hollow structure can be obtained using one-pot method.

Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres are of particular interest in disease diagnosis, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage/conversion and drug/gene/protein storage or delivery due to their high dispersion, large surface area, tunable porosity and high permeability. Suitable and precisely controlled structure is important for efficient mass transport and provides necessary accommodation for guest species. Herein, hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with fluffy mesoporous shell and controlled monodispersed spherical morphology are synthesized via a facile interpolation strategy. A hollow structure can be created in solid 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde spheres after dissolution treatment with acetone basing on their compositional inhomogeneity. The dissolved dispersive 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde resin oligomer reassembles with silica oligomer and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide forming silica-carbon composites and thereafter carbon shell. 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde swell under acetone treatment and allow interpolation of silica from outside to inside of 3-aminophenol/formaldehyde. The structural properties and morphology of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of silica precursor-tetraethoxysilane. The obtained hollow mesoporous carbon spheres exhibit uniform and highly dispersed spherical morphology and fluffy mesoporous shell and high surface area and present high performance in supercapacitor, exhibiting the potential as electrode materials.

N-doped mesoporous carbon material has been synthesized by a novel one-step assembling strategy using ionic liquid (IL) as the carbon source and structure-directing agent. The obtained mesoporous carbon material has bimodal mesopores (about 3.8 and 9.0 nm) and partially graphitic structure with a BET surface area of 372 m 2 /g and mesopore volume of 0.61 cm 3 /g. The nitrogen in the IL precursor can be incorporated into the framework of mesoporous carbon with a content of 3.2 wt%. The obtained carbon material shows excellent catalytic performance for nitrobenzene (NB) reduction reaction with an 88.6% yield to aniline (AN).

This paper mainly discusses about Alibaba under economic new normal “double eleven shopping festival” reasons for the slowing growth rate. We mainly analyze it from the following five dimensions. The first one is intensifying competition between the E-business in shopping festival double eleven. Ali is no longer a monolith. Second, Market education has been completed, consumers tend to be more rational. Third, logistics ability is limited, restrain the shopping “double eleven day” sales growth rate. Fourth, it is difficult to eradicate the disadvantages of online shopping. Five, huge amounts of fake problem have not been solved. Under the state of the economy to the new normal, if Ali wants to continue the myth of the “double a” turnover, it must be from the above five aspects to solve the problem.

Every city has it own unique city memory, which is the manifestation of urban creativity and urban spirit. As the carrier of city memory, traditional blocks play a role in the city that changes from the original pure place of residence to the cultural core of the city and become places where the spirit and soul of blocks lie. Traditional blocks use its unique sense of place to present the inside information and connotation of a city. Its quality characteristic relates to the integral image and vitality of city. However, in recent years, the relatively fast speed and process of our urban renewal has brought various problems for the protection and renewal of historical blocks. It becomes an inevitable urgent task in front of us that how to deal with the complicated contradiction and achieve balance between economic development and revitalization of historical blocks, and explore the mode of protection and renewal of historical blocks that suit each regional characteristic. Keywords—city memory, traditional blocks, environmental design

Facing the problem of high-cost, low-efficiency and complicated control of existing isolated led drivers, a high power low cost non-isolated Buck converter with coupled winding and stacked output is proposed. The input current idle time decreases which occurs when the input voltage is lower than part of output voltage, comparing to the conventional Buck's whole output voltage. Therefore, the Buck derived LED driver can achieve high PF and its current harmonics can meet the IEC61000-3-2 Class C limits. This paper analyzes the operating principle of the circuit and the design methodology and criteria for high efficiency and low harmonics of the proposed Buck converter are presented. A 150-W prototype designed according to the proposed design criteria shows that the input current harmonics meet the IEC61000-3-2 (Class C) standard and power factor (PF) is higher than 0.95. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed converter is less than 20%. And the peak efficiency is higher than 97.2%.

Diabetes is the most common and complex metabolic disorder, and one of the most important health threats now. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that have been suggested to play a vital role in a variety of physiological processes, including glucose homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-185 in diabetes. MiR-185 was significantly downregulated in diabetic patients and mice, and the low level was correlated to blood glucose concentration. Overexpression of miR-185 enhanced insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cells, promoted cell proliferation and protected cells from apoptosis. Further experiments using in silico prediction, luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay demonstrated that miR-185 directly targeted SOCS3 by binding to its 3’-UTR. On the contrary to miR-185’s protective effects, SOCS3 significantly suppressed functions of β-cell and inactivated Stat3 pathway. When treating cells with miR-185 mimics in combination with SOCS3 overexpression plasmid, the inhibitory effects of SOCS3 were reversed. While combined treatment of miR-185 mimics and SOCS3 siRNA induced synergistically promotive effects compared to either miR-185 mimics or SOCS3 siRNA treatment alone. Moreover, we observed that miR-185 level was inversely correlated with SOCS3 expression in diabetes patients. In conclusion, this study revealed a functional and mechanistic link between miR-185 and SOCS3 in the pathogenesis of diabetes. MiR-185 plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell growth in diabetes. Restoration of miR-185 expression may serve a potentially promising and efficient therapeutic approach for diabetes.

In recent years, with the development of interior design and the improvement of the quality of life, people pay more attention to indoor lighting design of the office space. This paper has studied the development trend of office space lighting design through in-depth analysis of the development of science and technology, application of new materials, the change of lighting concepts, utilization and popularization of new energies and their influence on office space lighting design in order to provide a useful reference to the future design. Keywords—office space; lighting design; people-oriented; intelligent ; diversified

Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with uniform and tunable morphology can be facilely synthesized by the monodisperse silica-template carbonization followed by hydrofluoric acid etching. The hollow carbon spheres containing 3.2 wt% of nitrogen have a thin wall of 5–12 nm and mesoporous shell structure.

Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (NOMC) was fabricated via a simple hard-template method by functionalized ionic liquids as carbon and nitrogen source, SBA-15 as a hard-template. The obtained NOMC materials have a high nitrogen content of 5.55 %, a high surface area of 446.2 m2 g-1, and an excellent performance in catalysing oxidation of ethylbenzene. The conversion rate of ethylbenzene can be up to 84.5% and the yield of acetophenone can be up to 69.9%, the results indicated that the NOMC materials have a faster catalytic rate and a higher production of acetophenone than catalyst-free and CMK-3, due to their uniform pore size, high surface area and rich active sites in the carbon pore walls.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) with an aligned mesoporous structure were synthesized by a co-confined carbonization method using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as co-confined templates and ionic liquids as the precursor. The as-synthesized MCNFs with the diameter of 80-120 nm possessed a bulk nitrogen content of 5.3 wt% and bimodal mesoporous structure. The nitrogen atoms were mostly bound to the graphitic network in two forms, i.e. pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen, providing adsorption sites for acidic gases like SO2 and CO2. Cyclic experiments revealed a considerable stability of MCNFs over 20 runs of SO2 adsorption and 15 runs for CO2 adsorption. The MCNFs also have a preferable adsorption performance for Cd2+. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The title compound, C11H15NO3, was synthesized from 4-methoxy­phenol and 2-methyl-4,5-dihydro­oxazole under nitrogen. There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, which are connected into one-dimensional chains via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.