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Explores the relationship between population growth, development, and water resources to glean insight for environmental education campaigns. Reports high awareness and moderate concern about rapid growth and development, dissatisfaction with water resource quantity and quality, and varied water management strategies among consumers. (Contains 37 references.) (Author/YDS)

Two-dimensional tidal flows within the Loxahatchee River estuary (Southeastern Florida) are simulated in order to assess the effects of incorporating the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AICWW) versus including the surrounding tidal fiats in the computational domain. The region of interest is modeled with three variations of an unstructured, finite-element mesh, including a localized mesh with and without tidal flats, and an extended mesh that describes the AICWW. Phase and amplitude errors between model output and historical data are quantified in terms of water surface elevations at five locations within the Loxahatchee River estuary to assess the relative performance of the various computational meshes. While it is shown that the surrounding tidal fiats provide some benefit to the numerical model, the hydrodynamics resulting from the inclusion of the AICWW results in a more significant improvement in the simulated water levels--an important modeling consideration that is commonly disregarded in practice. The application of additional boundary conditions enables for both hydrodynamic factors (AICWW; surrounding tidal flats) to be included in the numerical simulation. As a corollary, velocity residuals are computed on a domain-wide basis to reveal significantly different net circulation patterns within the Loxahatchee River estuary, depending on the level of description of the AICWW, and further demonstrate the importance of including the AICWW in the numerical model. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000005 CE Database subject headings: Coastal environment; Florida; Tidal currents; Finite element method.

This paper demonstrates a practical application of coupling a hydrodynamic model with a wave model for the calculation of storm tide elevations in the St. Johns River (Northeastern Florida). Hurricane Floyd (1999) is chosen as the storm of interest due to its track which paralleled the northeast coast of Florida without making a direct landfall on the St. Johns River. The advanced circulation (ADCIRC) numerical code is applied as the hydrodynamic model for the computation of two-dimensional circulation resulting from astronomic tides and meteorologically induced storm surge. The simulating waves nearshore (SWAN) numerical code is applied as the wave model for the computation of wind-induced waves. Two model implementations are considered in order to investigate the effect of short wave contributions on the overall storm tide water level: (1) a one-way coupling procedure that transfers gradient of wave radiation stresses from SWAN to ADCIRC; and (2) a two-way coupling procedure that builds on the former to include feedback of water levels and currents from ADCIRC to SWAN. Simulated storm tide elevations are compared to historical National Ocean Service data to result in two major conclusions: (1) wind-induced waves play a significant role in the storm tide (contributing 10-15% of the peak water level), namely with respect to the transfer of momentum from the dissipation of short waves to the long-wave motion of the storm surge; and (2) a local-scale hydrodynamic model requires the application of a hydrograph boundary condition in order to account for the remote effects of the storm surge response. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2008)134:6(321) CE Database subject headings: Storm surges; Two-dimensional models; Hydrodynamics; Hurricanes; Computer aided simulation; Coupling; Coastal processing; Wave action; Estuaries.

The storm surge generated by Hurricane Hugo (1989) is reproduced for the purposes of (1) evaluating the significance of including inland flooding areas and corresponding levels of spatial resolution and (2) assessing the spatial variability of near-inlet boundary forcings with respect to storm surge hydrographs. The study focuses on the coastal regions of South Carolina, incorporating inundation areas between Charleston and Shallotte Inlet and including Winyah Bay and the Waccamaw River. The region of interest is modeled with five variations of an unstructured, finite-element mesh, including a localized coarse grid with and without floodplains, a localized fine grid with and without floodplains, and a large-domain approach that includes floodplains and the continental shelf and deep ocean. Simulation results demonstrate that the inclusion of inland flooding areas significantly improves the description of storm surge generation within coastal regions. While the large-domain approach is shown to be beneficial, it is determined that the coarse mesh resolution of the floodplains is sufficient. Computed water surface elevations at specific locations surrounding Winyah Bay Inlet indicate that storm surge hydrographs are highly spatially dependent near inlets, as opposed to the astronomical tides, which exhibit minimal variance in space around the inlet environment. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:3(183) CE Database subject headings: Storm surges; Two-dimensional models; Hydrodynamics; Hurricanes; Computer aided simulation; Finite element method; Flood plains; Estuaries.

Storm surge flooding can cause significant damage to coastal communities. In addition, coastal communities face an increased risk of coastal hazards due to sea-level rise (SLR). This research developed a dataset to communicate the socioeconomic consequences of flooding within the 1% and 0.2% Annual Exceedance Probability Floodplain (AEP) under four SLR scenarios for the Northern Gulf of Mexico region. Assessment methods primarily used HAZUS-MH software, a GIS-based modeling tool developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the United States, to estimate natural disasters' physical, economic, and social impacts. This dataset consists of 29 shapefiles containing seven different measures of storm surge inundation impacts under SLR (including building damage, displaced people and shelter needs, road exposure, essential facilities, wastewater treatment plants, bridges, and vehicle damage). The data is publicly available under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and Data Cooperative (GRIIDC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]