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A series of novel 1,2,3-triazoles hybridized with two quinolin-2-ones, was designed and synthesized through click reactions. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by NMR, IR, and mass spectra in addition to elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their antiapoptotic activity in testis, as testicular torsion is the main cause of male infertility. This effect was studied in light of decreasing tissue damage induced by I/R in the testis of rats using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antiapoptotic reference. Compounds 6a���c were the most active antiapoptotic hybrids with significant measurements for malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the apoptotic biomarkers (testicular testosterone, TNF��, and caspase-3) in comparison to the reference. A preliminary mechanistic study was performed to improve the antiapoptotic activity through caspase-3 inhibition. A compound assigned as 6-methoxy-4-(4-(((2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (6c) was selected as a representative of the most active hybrids in comparison to NAC. Assay of cytochrome C for 6c revealed an attenuation of cytochrome C level about 3.54 fold, comparable to NAC (4.13 fold). In caspases-3,8,9 assays, 6c was found to exhibit more potency and selectivity toward caspase-3 than other caspases. The testicular histopathological investigation was carried out on all targeted compounds 6a���g, indicating a significant improvement in the spermatogenesis process for compounds 6a���c if compared to the reference relative to the control. Finally, molecular docking studies were done at the caspase-3 active site to suggest possible binding modes. Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that compounds 6a���c could be considered good lead candidate compounds as antiapoptotic agents.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which produces several diseases and considered all over the world as one of the most dangerous diseases which affect animals. A total of thirteen isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa with percentage of 6.5%, 7.3% from diseased and dead chicken and 4% from one day old chicks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of oprL gene of P. aeruginosa was applied and showed positive amplification of 504 pb fragments. The isolates were found to be resistant for Neomycin, Nalidixic acid and Lincomycin followed by Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Chloramphenicol then Tetracycline and Doxycyclin but appeared sensitive to Levofloxacin with percentage of 100%, 92.3% to Norfloxacin, 84.6% to Ciprofloxacin, 77% to both Colistin sulphate and Gentamicin but 61.5% to streptomycin. In experimental infection for all isolated strains via yolk sac in 7 days SPF eggs and via subcutaneous injection in 3 days old chicks which expressed the virulence of these strains by its high mortality rate which reached 100% within 24-72 hrs.

Hand hygiene of health-care staff is one of the most important interventions in reducing transmission of nosocomial infections. This qualitative study aimed to understand the behavioural determinants of hand hygiene in order to develop sustainable interventions to promote hand hygiene in hospitals. Fourteen focus group discussions were conducted with nurses in 2 university hospitals in Egypt. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted by 2 independent investigators. The findings highlighted that nurses did not perceive the benefits of hand hygiene, and that they linked the need to wash hands to a sense of dirtiness. Knowledge of hand hygiene and related products was limited and preference for water and soap was obvious. Environmental constraints, lack of role models and social control were identified as barriers for compliance with hand hygiene. A multi-faceted hand hygiene strategy was developed based on existing cultural concepts valued by the hospital staff.محدِّدات الالتزام بنظافة اليدين في مصر: لَبِنات أساسية من أجل وضع استراتيجية للتواصل.انا-لينا لوهينيفا، هاديه باسيم، سعود حافظ، ايمان كامل، ايمان احمد، تامر سعيد، مها طلعت.إن نظافة أيدي القائمن عى الرعاية الصحية هي إحدى أهم التدخات للحد من انتقال عدوى أمراض المستشفيات المُعدية. ولقد هدفت هذه الدراسة الكيفية إلى فهم المحدِّدات السلوكية لنظافة اليدين بغية وضع تدخات مستدامة لتعزيز نظافة اليدين في المستشفيات. فقد تم إجراء أربعة عر حلقة نقاش بؤرية مع ممرضات في مستشفيين جامعين في مر. وكانت المقابات مسجلة عى شريط ومكتوبة. كا أجري تحليل موضوعي من قبل باحثَنْ مستقلَّيْ. فأبرزت النتائج أن الممرضات لا يدركن فوائد نظافة اليدين، وأنهن ربطنَ ضرورة غسل اليدين بالشعور بالقذارة. وكانت معارفهن المتعلقة بنظافة اليدين وبالمواد المستخدمة ذات الصلة محدودة، وكان تفضيلهن للاء والصابون واضحاً. ولقد خلصنا إلى أن المعوِّقات البيئية وعدم وجود قدوة وغياب الرقابة الاجتماعية تعتر عقبات في طريق الالتزام بنظافة اليدين. وتم وضع اسراتيجية متعددة الأوجه لنظافة اليدين تستند إلى مفاهيم ثقافية قائمة يقدِّرها موظفو المستشفيات.Déterminants du respect de l’hygiène des mains en Égypte : des résultats d'une étude à l'élaboration d'une stratégie de communication.L’hygiène des mains du personnel de santé est l’une des interventions les plus importantes pour réduire la transmission des infections nosocomiales. Une étude qualitative visait à comprendre les déterminants comportementaux de l’hygiène des mains afin d’établir des interventions durables pour la promotion de ce type d'hygiène dans les hôpitaux. Quatorze discussions thématiques en groupes ont été organisées avec le personnel infirmier dans deux hôpitaux universitaires en Égypte. Les entretiens ont été enregistrés puis retranscrits. Une analyse thématique a été menée par deux chercheurs indépendants. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le fait que le personnel infirmier ne percevait pas les avantages de l’hygiène des mains, et qu’il reliait le besoin de se laver les mains à une sensation de saleté. Les connaissances en matière d’hygiène des mains et des produits à utiliser étaient limitées et la préférence pour l’eau et le savon était marquée. Les contraintes environnementales, l’absence de modèles à suivre et de contrôle social ont été identifiés comme des obstacles au respect de l’hygiène des mains. Une stratégie d'hygiène des mains multidimensionelle a été mise au point à partir des concepts culturels existants qui étaient importants pour le personnel hospitalier.

The present study is mainly devoted to focus on the effect of elevated temperature on concrete properties and micro structure to avoid as possible as we can the various undesired effects of the severe environmental impacts, which affect the service life of concrete. The concrete casted with basalt aggregate was subjected to elevated temperatures (300, 600, & 800 o C) with a rate of 5 o C/min, and an exposure time of two hours. Furthermore, the obtained results showed that the mechanical properties of the heated concrete, associated with the internally induced chemical changes are attributed to temperature elevation effect. Both laboratorial investigations and mineralogic study revealed by using reflected light microscopic study on polished slabs, SEM investigation, confirmed the effect of elevated temperatures on cement paste and aggregates.

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant obstacle in the treatment of hormone- independent breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that altered sphingolipid signaling through increased sphingosine kinase activity may be an important mediator of breast cancer drug resistance. Sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1) is a proposed key regulator of breast cancer tumorigenesis, proliferation and resistance. There is, however, conflicting data on the role of sphingosine kinase-2 (Sphk2) in cancer biology and resistance, with some suggesting that Sphk2 has an opposing role to that of Sphk1. Here, we studied the effects of the novel selective Sphk2 inhibitor, ABC294640 (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) amide), on human breast cancer. ABC294640 blocked both viability and survival at low micromolar IC(50) concentrations in the endocrine therapy-resistant MDA-MB-231 and chemoresistant MCF-7TN-R cell systems. Treatment with the inhibitor significantly reduced proliferation, as seen in immunofluorescence staining of Ki-67 in vitro. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of Sphk2 induced apoptosis through the intrinsic programmed cell death pathway. Furthermore, ABC294640 also diminished NF-ĸB survival signaling, through decreased activation of the Ser536 phosphorylation site on the p65 subunit. Xenografts of MCF-7TN-R cells growing in immunocompromised mice were utilized to validate the therapeutic efficacy of the sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor. Treatment with 50 mg of ABC294640/kg completely blocked tumor volume in this model. These results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Sphk2 with the orally bioavailable selective inhibitor, ABC294640, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of chemo- and endocrine therapy- resistant breast cancer.