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Introduction: Suicide is considered as a serious and important problem in health and comprehensive health. Every year, approximately 700,000 people around the world die by suicide, which is more than those killed in war. Death by suicide is not only the loss of a life, but it also causes psychological damage to the other family members and friends. Important factors affect suicidal behavior. So much suicide is a serious public health problem. All 194 member states of the World Health Organization have signed the Comprehensive Mental Health action plan 2013-2020, which tasks governments with implementing evidence-based interventions in community settings to prevent suicide at all stages of life. In addition, the guardians of mental health also play an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Based on recent studies, effective treatments based on clinical evidence in the fields of psychology and psychiatry are introduced to save a life for colleagues in the field of mental health.

Abstract Over the past two decades, more frequent and intense climate events have seriously threatened the operation of water transfer projects in the Pacific Rim region. However, the role of climatic change in driving runoff variations in the water source areas of these projects is unclear. We used tree-ring data to reconstruct changes in the runoff of the Hanjiang River since 1580 CE representing an important water source area for China’s south-north water transfer project. Comparisons with hydroclimatic reconstructions for the southwestern United States and central Chile indicated that the Pacific Rim region has experienced multiple coinciding droughts related to ENSO activity. Climate simulations indicate an increased likelihood of drought occurrence in the Pacific Rim region in the coming decades. The combination of warming-induced drought stresses with dynamic El Niño (warming ENSO) patterns is a thread to urban agglomerations and agricultural regions that rely on water transfer projects along the Pacific Rim.

Abstract We determine the gravito-magnetic Love numbers of non-rotating black holes in all spacetime dimensions through a novel and direct derivation. The Ishibashi-Kodama master field and its associated field equation are avoided. The matching to the EFT variables is simple. This method allows us to correct the values in the literature. Moreover, we highlight a parity-based selection rule for nonlinear terms that include both electric-type and magnetic-type gravitational field tensors, enabling us to conclude that many of the nonlinear response coefficients in the Schwarzschild black hole effective action vanish.

Forecasting returns in financial markets is notoriously challenging due to the resemblance of price changes to white noise. In this paper, we propose novel methods to address this challenge. Employing high-frequency Brazilian stock market data at one-minute granularity over a full year, we apply various statistical and machine learning algorithms, including Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with attention, Transformers, N-BEATS, N-HiTS, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) to predict changes in the price ratio of closely related stock pairs. Our findings indicate that a combination of reversion and machine learning-based forecasting methods yields the highest profit-per-trade. Additionally, by allowing the model to abstain from trading when the predicted magnitude of change is small, profits per trade can be further increased. Our proposed forecasting approach, utilizing a blend of methods, demonstrates superior accuracy compared to individual methods for high-frequency data.

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of the Greek house market during the period 2006–2022 using not only economic variables but also behavioral variables, taking advantage of available information on the volume of Google searches. In order to quantify the behavioral variables, we implement a Python code using the Pytrends 4.9.2 library. Design/methodology/approach – In our study, we assert that models relying solely on economic variables, such as GDP growth, mortgage interest rates and inflation, may lack precision compared to those that integrate behavioral indicators. Recognizing the importance of behavioral insights, we incorporate Google Trends data as a key behavioral indicator, aiming to enhance our understanding of market dynamics by capturing online interest in Greek real estate through searches related to house prices, sales and related topics. To quantify our behavioral indicators, we utilize a Python code leveraging Pytrends, enabling us to extract relevant queries for global and local searches. We employ the EGARCH(1,1) model on the Greek house price index, testing several macroeconomic variables alongside our Google Trends indexes to explain housing returns. Findings – Our findings show that in some cases the relationship between economic variables, such as inflation and mortgage rates, and house prices is not always consistent with the theory because we should highlight the special conditions of the examined country. The country of our sample, Greece, presents the special case of a country with severe sovereign debt issues, which at the same time has the privilege to have a strong currency and the support and the obligations of being an EU/EMU member. Practical implications – The results suggest that Google Trends can be a valuable tool for academics and practitioners in order to understand what drives house prices. However, further research should be carried out on this topic, for example, causality relationships, to gain deeper insight into the possibilities and limitations of using such tools in analyzing housing market trends. Originality/value – This is the first paper, to the best of our knowledge, that examines the benefits of Google Trends in studying the Greek house market.

Background: Integration of digital technologies in schools raises the need of students to master technological, cognitive, and social digital literacy (DL) competencies. Objectives: Based on Hofstede's dimensional paradigm for defining culture, we address the cultural context and examine perceived and actual DL of Arabic-speaking minority students in Israel. Methods: First, 402 Arabic-speaking minority students from elementary Arabic-speaking schools and 232 students from middle schools reported their DL based on the DL framework. Among them, 347 elementary and 205 middle school students performed a battery of DL tasks. Findings and Conclusions: The findings revealed a very low level of DL performance by minority students in both elementary and middle schools. The highest performance score was in information literacy: M = 1.49 and M = 1.55 out of 5.00 for elementary and middle school students respectively. Despite ubiquitous use of social networks, the lowest score was obtained in social-emotional literacy--0.23 for both elementary and middle school students. In contrast to performance, both elementary and middle school minority students estimated their digital literacy competencies as high or very high. Among the elementary students, a weak correlation was found between their DL perceptions and performance of the photo-visual, branching, and social-emotional literacies. Among the middle school students, the only significant correlation was found between perceptions and performance of reproduction literacy. The findings raise the need to improve DL competencies of minority students and develop their metacognitive abilities. This helps to assess their DL more accurately, in order to ensure their successful functioning in digital environments. Theoretical and educational implications of the findings are discussed.

The goal of this study was to test if CFD-based virtual angiograms could be used to automatically discriminate between intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with and without flow stagnation. Time density curves (TDC) were extracted from patient digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences by computing the average gray level intensity inside the aneurysm region and used to define injection profiles for each subject. Subject-specific 3D models were reconstructed from 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to simulate the blood flow inside IAs. Transport equations were solved numerically to simulate the dynamics of contrast injection into the parent arteries and IAs and then the contrast retention time (RET) was calculated. The importance of gravitational pooling of contrast agent within the aneurysm was evaluated by modeling contrast agent and blood as a mixture of two fluids with different densities and viscosities. Virtual angiograms can reproduce DSA sequences if the correct injection profile is used. RET can identify aneurysms with significant flow stagnation even when the injection profile is not known. Using a small sample of 14 IAs of which seven were previously classified as having flow stagnation, it was found that a threshold RET value of 0.46 s can successfully identify flow stagnation. CFD-based prediction of stagnation was in more than 90% agreement with independent visual DSA assessment of stagnation in a second sample of 34 IAs. While gravitational pooling prolonged contrast retention time it did not affect the predictive capabilities of RET. CFD-based virtual angiograms can detect flow stagnation in IAs and can be used to automatically identify aneurysms with flow stagnation even without including gravitational effects on contrast agents.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of electrochemical treatment of a titanium surface employing constant current and potential on the viability of the tissue cells attached to the surface and determining the safety limits for this type of treatment.MethodsPre-osteoblast cells (pOB) were cultured and seeded onto titanium discs. The cell-seeded discs were then exposed to a range of contant direct electrical potentials (-6V–6V) or contant direct electrical currents (−12.5 mA, −25 mA, or −50 mA) using a three-electrode system connected to a potentiostat. Cell viability was assessed using live/dead assay and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsExposure of cells to high negative potentials caused cell detachment, while exposure to positive ones led to cell death on the cpTi surfaces. However, cellular viability was preserved when the electrical potentials were kept between −3 and +3 V. Cells retained 80% viability when subjected to −12.5 mA currents with an initial pOB cell count of 5 × 104. However, when the initial cell count was elevated to 1 × 105, the cells demonstrated the ability to withstand an even greater current (−25 mA) while preserving their vitality at the same level.ConclusionTreatment of a titanium dental implant surface employing constant potential or current can harm cells surrounding dental implants. However, this damage can be minimized by keeping the potential within a safety limit.

IntroductionPartnership is an important resource in dealing with endometriosis related chronic pain. Hence, our objective was to assess partnership in the context of endometriosis and its symptoms, considering the perspectives of both individuals involved.MethodsThe study was designed as a multi-center matched case–control study in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Altogether 381 women with surgically/histologically confirmed endometriosis and 381 control women, 250 male partners of endometriosis-affected women and 229 of control women were evaluated. Partnership quality, partnership happiness, separation thoughts, and areas of conflict were evaluated through the Partnership Questionnaire and a validated list of conflict areas.ResultsQuality of partnership was rated as high by 60.1% of the women with endometriosis and 66.7% of the control women, as well as by 45.8 and 50.2% of their respective partners. Women with endometriosis mentioned separation thoughts, mostly related to sexual satisfaction, more often (34.9%/28.3%) and experienced more partnership-related conflicts than control women. Chronic pain, dyspareunia, dissatisfaction with sexuality, fatigue, and infertility were significantly associated with partnership conflicts. Fatigue and infertility but not pain experiences were related to lower partnership quality. Male partners in both groups reported separation thoughts equally often. In men, a high intensity of pain experienced by their partner was associated with reduced partnership happiness.ConclusionGiven the significance of partnership in dealing with chronic diseases and the connection between symptoms of endometriosis and a decrease in partnership quality, it is essential to incorporate strategies that alleviate the negative impacts on relationships for both partners into medical support.Clinical trial registrationidentifier NCT 02511626.

BackgroundLeading international health organizations advise using toothpaste that contains at least 1,000 parts per million of fluoride, emphasizing that this practice should begin with the eruption of the first primary tooth.AimTo determine the association between access to dental services and the use of toothpaste with 1,000 ppm fluoride or more in Peruvian children under twelve years of age.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2021 Demographic and Family Health Survey. The main variable studied was the use of toothpaste containing a fluoride concentration of 1,000 ppm or more. Additionally, the access to dental care, the time elapsed since the last dental visit, and the type of healthcare facility were analyzed. Multilevel regression was applied to examine the relationship between variables and the dependent variable, with Peru's 24 regions serving as the analytical level.ResultsAccording to the bivariate analysis, the natural region, area of residence, place of residence, wealth index, and age were associated with the use of fluoride toothpaste with 1,000 ppm or more. In the multilevel analysis, the access to dental services was not associated with the use of fluoride toothpaste with 1,000 ppm or more (p = 0.454); similarly, the time elapsed since the last dental visit also showed no association (p = 0.676), as did the type of healthcare facility (p = 0.752, p = 0.896, p = 0.983).ConclusionAccessing dental services, the time elapsed since the last dentist visit, and the location where that care was received were not associated with the use of toothpaste containing 1,000 ppm or more of fluoride among Peruvian children during the year 2021.

Similarly to crocin and crocetin, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) exhibit potent anti-apoptotic and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the effects of crocin and crocetin on PBMCs of PCa patients co-cultured with AD-MSCs. We found that crocin and crocetin at concentrations of 3, 6, 12 μM increased the cell viability of PBMCs co-cultured with AD- MSCs and at concentrations of 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100 μM increased the cell viability of PBMCs without co-culture with AD-MSCs. At concentrations of 6, 12, 25 μM, decreased the percentage of apoptosis and increased the percentage of (CD3+CD4+) and (CD3+CD8+) cells among PBMCs co-cultured with or without AD-MSCs. At a concentration of 6 μM, also increased percentage of (CD45+CD19+) cells among PBMCs in co-culture. In addition, they at concentrations of 6, 12, 25 μM decreased the level of MDA and increased SOD in PBMCs. Overall further research should evaluate the clinical effects of combining crocin and crocetin with AD-MSCs for treating PCa and other cancers.

This paper presents the novel task of bluespotted ribbontail (BR) ray (Taeniura lymma) recognition using deep learning based computer vision methods to enable the identification of specific individuals of this species. Mapping the specific individuals in relation to location and time will allow marine researchers to understand their movement patterns, habitat choice, life span, size of the population and more – data which could allow monitoring and establishing a tailor-made conservation plan for this species.Our work is pioneer on this recognition problem. We give a detailed description of the three basic steps of detection, feature extraction and recognition in this vision problem and perform experiments to explore the system configuration and what improves the performance. A feature extraction enhancement as well as a crucial effect of a split into different main poses are demonstrated. Though the precision results achieved in this paper are still moderate and should be further improved, they are nevertheless promising and reasonable for practical use if the six best matches are chosen. For this scenario, almost 85% precision for upper-pose model, and almost 80% precision for left- and right-pose models, are achieved demonstrating the feasibility of the pipeline suggested as well as opportunities for improvement.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is broadly characterized by neurodegeneration, pathology accumulation, and cognitive decline. There is considerable variation in the progression of clinical symptoms and pathology in humans, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in the study of AD. To address this, we analyze cell composition and amyloid-beta deposition of 6- and 14-month-old AD-BXD mouse brains. We utilize the analytical QUINT workflow- a suite of software designed to support atlas-based quantification, which we expand to deliver a highly effective method for registering and quantifying cell and pathology changes in diverse disease models. In applying the expanded QUINT workflow, we quantify near-global age-related increases in microglia, astrocytes, and amyloid-beta, and we identify strain-specific regional variation in neuron load. To understand how individual differences in cell composition affect the interpretation of bulk gene expression in AD, we combine hippocampal immunohistochemistry analyses with bulk RNA-sequencing data. This approach allows us to categorize genes whose expression changes in response to AD in a cell and/or pathology load-dependent manner. Ultimately, our study demonstrates the use of the QUINT workflow to standardize the quantification of immunohistochemistry data in diverse mice, - providing valuable insights into regional variation in cellular load and amyloid deposition in the AD-BXD model.

Abstract Background Surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure concomitant to open-heart surgery prevents thromboembolism in high-risk patients. Nevertheless, high-level evidence does not exist for LAA closure performed in patients with any CHA2DS2-VASc score and preoperative atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) status—the current trial attempts to provide such evidence. Methods The study is designed as a randomized, open-label, blinded outcome assessor, multicenter trial of adult patients undergoing first-time elective open-heart surgery. Patients with and without AF and any CHA2DS2-VASc score will be enrolled. The primary exclusion criteria are planned LAA closure, planned AF ablation, or ongoing endocarditis. Before randomization, a three-step stratification process will sort patients by site, surgery type, and preoperative or expected oral anticoagulation treatment. Patients will undergo balanced randomization (1:1) to LAA closure on top of the planned cardiac surgery or standard care. Block sizes vary from 8 to 16. Neurologists blinded to randomization will adjudicate the primary outcome of stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA). The secondary outcomes include a composite outcome of stroke, including TIA, and silent cerebral infarcts, an outcome of ischemic stroke, including TIA, and a composite outcome of stroke and all-cause mortality. LAA closure is expected to provide a 60% relative risk reduction. In total, 1500 patients will be randomized and followed for 2 years. Discussion The trial is expected to help form future guidelines within surgical LAA closure. This statistical analysis plan ensures transparency of analyses and limits potential reporting biases. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03724318. Registered 26 October 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03724318 . Protocol version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2023.06.003 .

Abstract The aim of this split-mouth randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical outcomes (operative time, edema, trismus, and pain), the immediate histological effects, the alveolar repair (2 and 4 months), and the quality of life after the extraction of impacted third molars using high-speed pneumatic and electrical rotation. Sixteen patients underwent extraction of the two mandibular third molars with a minimum interval of 15 days. On one side of the participant’s mouth, high-speed pneumatic rotation was used (Control Group—CG) while for the other side, high-speed electrical rotation was used (Study Group—SG). Statistical analysis included ANOVA repeated measures and Pearson correlations. SG group showed: shorter operative time (p = 0.019), less pain (p = 0.034), swelling (p

Abstract Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a grouping of heterogeneous disorders with multifactorial origins. Stabilization splints (SS) have demonstrated an acceptable treatment effect in TMD. The possible changes at the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue levels need to be addressed to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio of this therapeutic procedure. Accordingly, this study aimed to three‑dimensionally evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes after SS treatment for patients with TMD. Methods This retrospective study included 74 adult patients with myofascial and/or intra-articular disorders (25 males and 49 females), with an average age of 22.88 ± 4.8 years, who underwent SS treatment. Pre- and post-treatment Cone beam computed tomography were analysed using Invivo 6.0.3 software. The primary outcome was the vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar changes, while the secondary outcomes were the anteroposterior skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analyses. Results For the primary outcome; skeletally, there was a significant increase in mandibular plane inclination (difference: 0.82°±1.37), decrease facial height ratio (difference: 0.45%±1.07) and at the dentoalveolar level, the inclination of the functional (FOP-SN, FOP-FH) and bisecting (BOP-SN, BOP-FH) occlusal planes exhibited a significant increase too (difference: 0.38 ± 1.43°, 0.49 ± 1.62°, 0.44 ± 1.29° and 0.41 ± 1.17°, respectively) and also a decrease in the overbite (difference: -0.54 ± 0.83). For the secondary outcomes; there was a significant decrease in mandibular position (SNB) (difference: 1.60 ± 1.36°) and increase in the overjet (difference: 0.93 ± 1.04, p

The purpose of this study was to design and build a tin-113/indium-113m generator with desirable characteristics and reasonable cost. A generator such as this can produce ionic forms of indium-113m that are suitable for labeling applications. The theoretical calculations were conducted using the programs TALYS-1.8, ALICE-91, and SRIM. Tin-113, the mother of indium-113m, the target of natural indium was irradiated in a 30 MeV cyclotron accelerator. The theoretical efficiency of 740 kBq/μAh was calculated for tin-113 production in the cyclotron. Finally, tin-113 was produced with an experimental efficiency of 555 kBq/μAh. Zirconium chloride and 0.05 molar hydrochloride are used as column adsorbents and generator solvents, respectively. The generator's step efficiency in a period of 6 months was 82%. The radionuclide purity of indium-113m from the generator was more than 99.9% and the average amount of parent radionuclide was within the pharmacopeia permissible limits equal to 0.0005%. The amount of interfering metal ions in the solution was less than 0.1 ppm. The results show that the in-house produced tin-113/indium-113m generator has suitable features and reasonable costs and that indium-113m radionuclides can be used in ionic form for labeling purposes.

Elections stand as a cornerstone of democracy, yet the burgeoning integration of technology and personal data underscores the pressing need for safeguarding individual privacy within the electoral process. This study endeavors to scrutinize the efficacy of the Electoral Justice System in fortifying the protection of personal data throughout the registration, verification, and adjudication phases of political party participation in the forthcoming 2024 elections. Through an empirical juridical methodology, this research delves into the practical application of the Electoral Justice System across diverse national contexts, elucidating its role in mitigating the perils of data misuse and upholding electoral integrity. The findings underscore the imperative of imbuing the Electoral Justice System with structural robustness, substantive fidelity, and a conducive legal culture to ensure the seamless functioning of electoral processes. Additionally, stringent regulations, robust data verification protocols, independent oversight mechanisms, and punitive measures emerge as indispensable facets of effective Electoral Justice System implementation, essential for curtailing infringements of the exploitation of personal data and fostering accountable electoral practices.

Objective: This research assesses the utilization of sieved olive pulp (SOP) in the diet of growing rabbits through the use of an exogenous enzyme or dry yeast as a pretreatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty-eight male V-Line rabbits aged 5 weeks (weighing 550 ± 25 gm) were randomly divided into seven groups with eight replicates each as follows: the control group was fed a basal diet without supplementation; while the other six groups were fed basal diets containing 20% and 25% of SOP and supplemented with 0.1 gm/kg Econase (E), 0.5 gm/kg dry yeast (Y), and a combination of both. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results indicated that supplementation of E, Y, and EY into rabbit diets containing SOP improved live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibil¬ity. A higher dressing percentage was observed in the groups fed a 20% and 25% SOP diet sup¬plemented with EY (p < 0.05). The treated groups showed an increase in total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05), while there was a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and malondi¬aldehyde levels (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Rabbit groups fed an SOP diet supplemented with E, Y, or EY demonstrated higher (p < 0.05) economic efficiency compared to the control. Conclusion: Supplementing the diet of rabbits containing SOP with exogenous enzymes and/or dry yeast enhances the nutritional value of SOP while improving rabbit performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant status. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 161-170]

Abstract Background Recent changes in climatic trends are resulting in an increased frequency and intensity of extreme events, with unknown effect on ecosystem dynamics in the near future. Extreme drought episodes are recognized as disturbance factors capable of modifying forest dynamics and tree growth. Within this context, dioecious tree species may be impacted by climatic extremes, affecting male/female proportions and, consequently, reproductive processes and species persistence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for species-specific assessments of growth tolerance to extreme dry spells in dioecious tree species, to establish effective conservation strategies for these particular natural resources. Araucaria araucana (araucaria), an endangered dioecious Patagonian tree species, has recently undergone decay and mortality episodes in response to increasing dry climatic conditions. While sex-dependent tolerance to extreme drought episodes has been assessed in the species’ humid distribution range, there is still a lack of information on the gender-based resilience of trees growing in the drier environments of the species’ distribution. Methods We reconstructed, through dendrochronological methods, the sex-dependent response of 105 araucaria individuals (55 female and 50 male trees) to five regional extreme dry spells employing a set of different indices. Resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction of standardized tree-ring growth were examined, analysing the effect of biotic (sex, pre-drought stem tree growth) and abiotic (local climatic conditions before, during, and after extreme climatic episodes) factors on tree resilience. Results Sex influences only the species resistance to climatic disturbance, with male individuals showing lower tolerance to extreme drought events. Pre-drought radial growth rates and local meteorological conditions preceding, during, and following extreme dry spells strongly modulated araucaria radial growth resilience regardless of tree sex, influencing the species resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction. Conclusions We provide novel and crucial information for the species conservation and management in the current climate change scenario, and contribute to the debate regarding the role of tree sex as a factor influencing woody species growth under particularly adverse climatic conditions. In the face of climate change, an increase in extreme drought events is expected in the easternmost araucaria xeric end distribution area, which will likely decrease the species resilience.

Abstract Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass pain and dysfunction in the jaw, muscles, and adjacent structures. This study aimed to explore the quantitative (condylar position, morphology) and qualitative (bone mineral density (BMD)) therapeutic outcomes following a stabilization splint (S.S.) therapy in adult patients diagnosed with TMD (Arthralgia) with/without lateral mandibular asymmetry (MA) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods In this retrospective clinical study, 60 adult TMD patients who received S.S. therapy were enrolled and allocated into the TMD group (TMDG) and TMD with MA group (TMD + MAG). The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) AXIS I. MA was measured from the mid-sagittal plane to the Menton point. CBCT was used to scan the temporomandibular joints pre- (T0) and post- (T1)-treatment for three-dimensional analysis. Intra- and intergroup statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks and the Kruskal‒Wallis test. Results For quantitative comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 in the joint spaces of TMD + MAG (anterior, superior, posterior, and coronal lateral on the deviated side as well as in the superior, coronal medial joint space of the contralateral side). Morphologically, the deviated side had a narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and a steeper eminence angle. In contrast, the contralateral side tended to have a greater condylar length. For qualitative measurements, BMD also showed statistical significance between T0 and T1 in the majority of the condyle slopes (AS, SS, PS, and LS on the deviated side and in AS and MS on the contralateral side) of TMD + MAG. Additionally, only the AS and PS showed significance in TMDG. Conclusion Multiple joint space widening (AJS and CMS) and narrowing (SJS, PJS, and CLS) could characterize the deviated side in TMD + MA. Factors like narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and steeper eminence angle on the deviated side can worsen TMD + MA. Proper alignment of the condyle-disc position is essential for optimal function and load distribution, potentially affecting bone mineral density (BMD). MA plays a prominent role in disturbing bone densities. S.S. therapy shows more evident outcomes in TMD + MAG (on the deviated side compared to the contralateral side) than the TMDG.

Abstract Background The outbreaks of circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses (cVDPVs) have emerged as a major challenge for the final stage of polio eradication. In Yemen, an explosive outbreak of cVDPV2 was reported from August 2021 to December 2022. This study aims to compare the patterns of cVDPV2 outbreak, response measures taken by health authorities, and impacts in southern and northern governorates. Method A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of VDPV2 was performed. The data related to cVDPV2 as well as stool specimens and environmental samples that were shipped to WHO-accredited labs were collected by staff of surveillance. Frequencies and percentages were used to characterize and compare the confirmed cases from the southern and northern governorates. The average delayed time as a difference in days between the date of sample collection and lab confirmation was calculated. Results The cVDPV2 was isolated from 227 AFP cases reported from 19/23 Yemeni governorates and from 83% (39/47) of environmental samples with an average of 7 months delayed from sample collection. However, the non-polio AFP (NPAFP) and adequate stool specimen rates in the north were 6.7 and 87% compared to 6.4 and 87% in the south, 86% (195) and 14%(32) out of the total 227 confirmed cases were detected from northern and southern governorates, respectively. The first and second cases of genetically linked isolates experienced paralysis onset on 30 August and 1st September 2021. They respectively were from Taiz and Marib governorates ruled by southern authorities that started vaccination campaigns as a response in February 2022. Thus, in contrast to 2021, the detected cases in 2022 from the total cases detected in the south were lower accounting for 22% (7 of 32) of compared to 79% (155 of 195) of the total cases the north. Conclusion A new emerging cVDPV2 was confirmed in Yemen. The result of this study highlighted the impact of vaccination campaigns in containing the cVDPV2 outbreak. Maintaining a high level of immunization coverage and switching to nOPV2 instead of tOPV and mOPV2 in campaigns are recommended and environmental surveillance should be expanded in such a risky country.

ABSTRACT: Generation of transgenic birds can be achieved by temporal suppression of endogenous spermatogenesis in males prior to primordial germ cell implantation. One of many established methods to induce male sterility is the intraperitoneal injection of busulfan, an alkylating agent. Nevertheless, the use of busulfan injections, which may also affect hematopoietic stem cells, carries the risk of potential lethality in animals. Given their safety and non-toxic nature, it has been demonstrated that intratesticular busulfan injections in mammals are less effective than intraperitoneal injections. This study aimed to compare, for the first time, the sterility and toxicity effects of intraperitoneal vs. intratesticular busulfan injections in quail and chickens. Our experimental design involved a previously established single intraperitoneal busulfan injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight (BW). In quail, busulfan was then administered intratesticularly at 3 different concentrations (6, 12, and 20 mg/kg BW), while in chickens, the working concentration was 20 mg/kg BW. We found that a single intraperitoneal busulfan injection of 40 mg/kg of BW resulted in 100% mortality in the treated roosters. In quails, however, this concentration only caused a temporary suppression of fertility for a 15-d period. Moreover, we found that a higher dose of intratesticular injection of busulfan is required to suppress spermatogenesis in quail (20 mg/kg BW) compared to mammals (4 mg/kg BW). Following these findings, we further confirmed that intratesticular injection of 20 mg/kg BW busulfan into roosters did not affect their overall viability. However, it induced a temporary state of male sterility, consistent with the effects observed with intraperitoneal injections. Hence, our data demonstrate that quail and chicken respond differently to busulfan administration. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that direct injection into the rooster testes causes less physiological stress than intraperitoneal injection.

ABSTRACT: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded across various fields, impacting society by transforming linguistic and cultural habits in translation and breaking down language barriers. While offering opportunities like instant translations and recognition software, caution is necessary due to AI's limitations, particularly in automatic translation. The evolving interaction between humans and machines creates new frontiers in global connectivity, prompting questions about their roles in translation for the humanities and social sciences. Our analysis explores the current state of AI, its possibilities, and tools, focusing on its role in literary and academic translation. We also delve into the limits and risks of AI, underscoring the vital role of the human translator. The central question revolves around whether AI, especially in automatic translation, can reliably serve the humanities. Our hypothesis asserts that the human translator is crucial, using knowledge and experience to provide authentic translations, with the machine acting as a legitimate complement, tempered by the cultural insight of the human translator. RÉSUMÉ : L'intelligence artificielle (IA) s'est rapidement développée dans divers domaines, impactant la société en transformant les habitudes linguistiques et culturelles en matière de traduction et en éliminant les barrières linguistiques. Les possibilités qu’offre cette intelligence pour la traduction sont énormes. Toutefois, il est important de faire attention, car il s’agit enfin de machines programmées à cet effet. Le recours de plus en plus accru à ces machines de traduction qui évoluent rapidement suscite des interrogations des spécialistes de la traduction quant à la fiabilité et l’important domaine recouvert par ces dernières. D’autres questions émanent également sur leur conséquence et la place à occuper face au traducteur humain. C’est pourquoi notre analyse explore l’état actuel de l’IA, ses possibilités, ses outils et son rôle dans la traduction littéraire et académique. Il sera question, conjointement à cela, de voir les limites et les risques de l’IA, en soulignant le rôle vital du traducteur humain. En somme, la question centrale est de savoir si l’IA, en particulier dans la traduction automatique, peut servir de manière fiable les sciences humaines. Notre hypothèse affirme que l’intervention du traducteur humain dans cette équation est primordiale. Ses connaissances et son expérience seraient essentielles pour fournir des traductions authentiques.