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Homer's treatment of the Matter of Troy illuminates the foundational impossibility of representation in ways that sponsor examination of the semiotic choices, the costs and benefits and tradeoffs, of different practices. Homer's ekphrastic description of the shield of Achilles highlights a variety of available semiotic systems focused on different media of representation. This article explores Homeric ekphrasis in relation to later theories of media intersection, interaction, and transformation. Not only word, image, music, and dance, but also human perception as such, are subject to mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most memorable protagonists in any given piece of Classical Literature are often the characters who face and overcome the greatest psychological trials and obstacles. This article studies the choices of two such characters who both experience extreme and unimaginable sorrow – Homer’s Andromache and Shakespeare’s Juliet. While one character is content with her role in society, the other tries to break convention in order to be with her love. A deeper psychoanalytical study of their actions and choices, with particular emphasis on the effects of ‘sorrow’ through the lens of Freud’s concepts of bereavement and melancholia, are analyzed in this article. From love and contentment, both women face trials and tribulations which lead to loss and death. However, both these characters’ reactions toward their sorrows are what set them apart from one another; while one woman is idolized as the quintessential pinnacle of womanhood for all generations, the other is immortalized as the rebellious protagonist of a Shakespearean Romantic tragedy.

The study aims to optimize wind farm efficiency in low wind speed regions using the HOMER Pro tool to examine the impact of wind turbine ratings on overall efficiency of wind farms. boosting wind farm efficiency is essential for improving economic viability and grid integration. We propose the establishment of three wind farms, each possessing equal capacities but different in individual turbine capacities 1.5 kW, 3.4 kW and 5.1 kW, then optimize their performance in simulation environment. Through employing HOMER Pro optimization algorithm, we assess all wind farms over the period of one year, taking into account wind speed, temperature and geospatial coordinates. Although all wind farms have equal total capacities, simulation results revealed disparities in their generation abilities, reaching up to 22%, favouring the farm with smaller turbines. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that as wind speed decreases, the disparity in power generation between wind farms increases, reaching 51.9% in November, the month with the lowest wind speeds. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of wind farm behaviour, particularly regarding turbine sizes, and contribute to the research community's efforts to enhance wind farm power production in low wind speed regions. They also help find solutions to enable the embrace of wind energy and decrease fossil fuel consumption in such regions, fulfilling their international sustainability commitments.

To foster resilient energy transition systems, the deployment of renewable energy sources is potentially helpful in the acceleration towards sustainable, reliable, and diversified solutions. In this feasibility study, aims to pursuit the best optimal solution for renewable energy resources, integrated into the local university's energy mix, to meet the electrical load demand of 8500 kWhr/day and a peak load of 815 kW. A model of a hybrid grid-connected renewable energy (PV/Biomass/Hydel/Diesel generator/Grid) system was implemented in HOMER software, to obtain the most efficient and cost-effective hybrid energy generation. The outcomes of the simulation seem more viable based on sensitivity analysis, as the cost of energy (COE) for an energy system with a hybrid combination is 0.13 $/kWh, meanwhile energy price with the grid system is 0.18 $/kWh. According to the HOMER analysis, a hybrid grid-connected PV/biomass/hydro system demonstrates both technological feasibility and economic viability, meanwhile it will also save 1575 tons of CO2 per year. Therefore, this proposed hybrid energy system, a step towards sustainable development, can be applied at institutional levels, especially in developing countries.

يتناولُ هذا البحثُ "هوميروس بين الاعتقاد اللاهوتي الميثولوجي والفلسفة"؛ إذ يعدُّ هوميروس من أوائل الشعراء والأدباء الذين استخدموا الأساطير لتصوير اعتقاداتهم الخاصة بالحياة الإنسانية كوحدةٍ متكاملةٍ بكلِّ جوانبها المختلفة، وهذا ما يظهرُ في ملحمتيه "الإلياذة والأوديسة"، فهاتان الملحمتان تتناولان عددًا من الاعتقادات الراسخة عند هوميروس، هذه الاعتقادات تَحمل رؤيةً إنسانيةً عميقةَ الأبعاد، وتُعدُّ خيرَ تمهيدٍ للفلسفة في نشأتها الأولى، وقد قسَّمتُ البحثَ إلى ستة عناصر، الأول: اعتقاد الألوهية عند هوميروس، والثاني: القضاء والقدر، والثالث: الموت والعالم الآخر، والرابع: المرأة، والخامس: انفعال الغضب، والسادس: الصداقــة.وقد توصَّلَ الباحثُ في نهايةِ بحثهِ إلى أنَّ اعتقادات هوميروس التي سلَّم بها في الإلياذة والأوديسة لم تكن اعتقادات خُرافية، بل كانت ظلًا للحقيقة السائدة في المجتمع اليوناني آنذاك، فالأساطير العظيمة التي تحملها الملحمتان السابقتان ليست أوهامًا، بل هو منطوق النفس الإنسانية في ذلك الوقت، وما الأساطير إلا الإدراك الرمزي لتلك الحقائق، كما تُعتبر هذه الاعتقادات خطوات تمهيدية للفكر الفلسفي اليوناني، وكان لها تأثيرٌ كبيرٌ على عددٍ من الفلاسفة اليونان.AbstractThe topic of this study is "Homer between Mythological Theological Belief and philosophy", Homer is credited as being among the first poets and authors to employ mythology. His two epics, "The Iliad and the Odyssey", illustrate his conviction in the unity of diverse humanities as an integration in varied facets. These two epics address a variety of Homer's solid beliefs. These ideas, conveying a profound human vision are regarded as the finest introduction to philosophy in its primary stage. This research is divided into six elements: the first element is Homer's belief in Divinity, the second: Fate and Destiny, the third: death and the hereafter, the fourth: women, the fifth: Emotion of anger, and the sixth: friendship.After conducting extensive investigation, the researcher comes to the conclusion that Homer’s identified ideas in the Iliad and the Odyssey are not superstitious, but rather a reflection of the truth dominant in the Greek society. The great myths in the first two epics are not made up; rather, they represent the human soul at that particular moment, and myths are nothing more than the symbolic manifestation of these truths. These ideas, seen as forerunners of Greek philosophy, greatly impacted several Greek philosopher.

Abstract Amat bonus otia Daphnis (Verg. Ecl. V 61). The ideal of concordia in Eclogue V The concept of concordia plays a key role in the political debate among Virgil’s contemporaries. Virgil himself highlights the role of discordia in Ecl. I 71 and makes concordia the tenet of Eclogue IV (Ecl. IV 46-47). Celebration of peace brought by the new god Daphnis in Eclogue V is couched in terms of concordia as well, as it is pointed out both by the Homeric source of Il. XXII 262-263 on the impossible ὁμοφροσύνη among animals and by the model of Lucretius’ apotheosis of Epicurus, which is significant in that Lucretius deems Epicurus’ doctrine as the means by which sapientes might live together according to the original sense of amicitia and concordia. Moreover, people gathering around Daphnis’ cult as if they were mystery initiates emphasizes the role of community in the eclogue – not least, mystery language is exploited also in Epicurean tradition. Analogies and differences between the iuvenis deus of Eclogue I and Daphnis sharpens the gulf between the two eclogues: in the former, the community of cives is distraught because of discordia, and Tityrus is the only one to enjoy the benefits of the iuvenis deus; by contrast, the latter celebrates a close-knit community worshipping Daphnis in concordia.

We investigated the shuttling of Homer protein isoforms identified in soluble (cytosolic) vs. insoluble (membrane–cytoskeletal) fraction and Homer protein–protein interaction/activation in the deep postural calf soleus (SOL) and non-postural gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles of het−/− mice, i.e., mice with an autosomal recessive variant responsible for a vestibular disorder, in order to further elucidate a) the underlying mechanisms of disrupted vestibular system-derived modulation on skeletal muscle, and b) molecular signaling at respective neuromuscular synapses. Heterozygote mice muscles served as the control (CTR). An increase in Homer cross-linking capacity was present in the SOL muscle of het−/− mice as a compensatory mechanism for the altered vestibule system function. Indeed, in both fractions, different Homer immunoreactive bands were detectable, as were Homer monomers (~43–48 kDa), Homer dimers (~100 kDa), and several other Homer multimer bands (>150 kDA). The het−/− GAS particulate fraction showed no Homer dimers vs. SOL. The het−/− SOL soluble fraction showed a twofold increase (+117%, p ≤ 0.0004) in Homer dimers and multimers. Homer monomers were completely absent from the SOL independent of the animals studied, suggesting muscle-specific changes in Homer monomer vs. dimer expression in the postural SOL vs. the non-postural GAS muscles. A morphological assessment showed an increase (+14%, p ≤ 0.0001) in slow/type-I myofiber cross-sectional area in the SOL of het−/− vs. CTR mice. Homer subcellular immuno-localization at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) showed an altered expression in the SOL of het−/−mice, whereas only not-significant changes were found for all Homer isoforms, as judged by RT-qPCR analysis. Thus, muscle-specific changes, myofiber properties, and neuromuscular signaling mechanisms share causal relationships, as highlighted by the variable subcellular Homer isoform expression at the instable NMJs of vestibular lesioned het−/− mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new methodology for hybrid energy systems (HESs) was developed, namely the HY4RES model, tailored for the water sector, covering hybrid energy objective functions and grid or battery support using optimization algorithms in Solver, MATLAB, and Python, with evolutionary methods. HOMER is used for hybrid microgrids and allows for comparison with HY4RES, the newly developed model. Both models demonstrated flexibility in optimizing hybrid renewable solutions. This study analyzed an irrigation system for 3000 m3/ha (without renewables (Base case) and the Proposed system—with PV solar and pumped-hydropower storage to maximize cash flow over 25 years). Case 1—3000 m3/ha presented benefits due to PV supplying ~87% of energy, reducing grid dependency to ~13%. Pumped-hydropower storage (PHS) charges with excess solar energy, ensuring 24 h irrigation. Sensitivity analyses for Case 2—1000—and Case 3—6000 m3/ha—highlighted the advantages and limitations of water-energy management and system optimization. Case 2 was the most economical due to lower water-energy needs with noteworthy energy sales (~73.4%) and no need for the grid. Case 3 led to increased operating costs relying heavily on grid energy (61%), with PV providing only 39%. PHS significantly lowered operating costs and enhanced system flexibility by selling excess energy to the grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMicroreactors are expected to be deployed in locations or situations where standard macrogrid electricity is not readily or reliably available. Locations such as remote mining communities, military installations, and other similar communities may seek to decarbonize their electricity with a microreactor. Traditional remote communities typically pay much higher energy prices than nonremote communities, so there may be a higher degree of support for microreactors despite higher expected (per unit capacity) capital costs. There is also interest in deploying microreactors on sites that utilize their own microgrids, for example, federal installations or universities, in different locations across the United States. To model the deployment prospects of microreactors on microgrids, HOMER Pro was utilized to generate optimized microgrid configurations under an assumption of net zero, i.e. with no fossil fuels permitted. The economic performance of microreactors on microgrids was analyzed in a variety of locations throughout the United States. It was found that the minimal capital cost required for entry of a microreactor into the system was significantly higher in locations with both low solar resource (less than ~4.5kW∙h/m2∙day−1) and (in particular) low wind (<5 m/s average wind velocity at 80-m hub height), roughly corresponding to locations somewhat inland in both the eastern and the western United States. Under the financial assumptions made in this study, depending on location, the capital cost at which microreactors could enter the system varied from around $24 000/kW(electric) in areas of high wind and/or solar resource to over $90 000/kW(electric) in Alaska, with a range of intermediate results. It was found that the minimum allowed power level of the microreactor did not have a substantial impact on results. A utility presence was found to have a major impact on the financial performance of a microreactor, especially in locations that have strong renewable resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the demand side micro-grid had a lot of challenges, most of them being the uninterrupted power supply. The effective energy management of residential structures concerning diverse and often conflicting objectives is one of the most challenging problems associated with hybrid renewable energy sources (HREs) generation, an energy storage system (ESS), and electric vehicles (EV). Therefore, an intelligent home energy management system (HEM) is essential with consumers who can change their load according to their comfort with demand response program schemes (DRP). The key contribution is as follows: (1) Home energy management (HEM) through optimal scheduling of home appliances to reduce energy consumption costs with DRP. (2) The net present cost of the HREs has been minimized for the smart HEM appliances. (3) The techno-economic feasibility and optimal energy management analysis of household loads have been analyzed. Grid and without a grid-connected mode of operation of HEM is analyzed. The HOMER, an energy management tool, is used to solve energy management based on RES and ESS in this study. The HEM has considered DRP and RES to reduce the net present cost (NPC) by 21.95% and 5.71%, with grid and without grid-connected, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short sequences that mediate interactions with modular binding domains are ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic proteomes. Networks of short linear motifs (SLiMs) and their corresponding binding domains orchestrate many cellular processes, and the low mutational barrier to evolving novel interactions provides a way for biological systems to rapidly sample selectable phenotypes. Mapping SLiM binding specificity and the rules that govern SLiM evolution is fundamental to uncovering the pathways regulated by these networks and developing the tools to manipulate them. We used high‐throughput screening of the human proteome to identify sequences that bind to the Enabled/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) domain of the postsynaptic density scaffolding protein Homer1. This expanded our understanding of the determinants of Homer EVH1 binding preferences and defined a new motif that can facilitate the discovery of additional Homer‐mediated interactions. Interestingly, the Homer1 EVH1 domain preferentially binds to sequences containing an N‐terminally overlapping motif that is bound by the paralogous family of Ena/VASP actin polymerases, and many of these sequences can bind to EVH1 domains from both protein families. We provide evidence from orthologous EVH1 domains in pre‐metazoan organisms that the overlap in human Ena/VASP and Homer binding preferences corresponds to an incomplete divergence from a common Ena/VASP ancestor. Given this overlap in binding profiles, promiscuous sequences that can be recognized by both families either achieve specificity through extrinsic regulatory strategies or may provide functional benefits via multi‐specificity. This may explain why these paralogs incompletely diverged despite the accessibility of further diverged isoforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into The Silence of the Girls, a novel by Pat Barker which brings to light traditionally muted and marginalized voices of women within mythological narratives. Barker redirects the narrative from the celebrated exploits of male heroes in the Trojan War to the personal ordeals of enslaved women, especially Briseis, thus highlighting their trauma and resilience. Through Briseis's perspective, Barker vividly portrays the trauma, resilience, and healing experienced by captive women. The study further elucidates Barker's use of intertextuality to bridge historical and contemporary contexts, thereby giving voice to the subjugated women of epic tales. The novel's feminist reinterpretation introduces a new form of female subjectivity that challenges and deconstructs phallocentric representations, critiquing the patriarchal foundations of traditional storytelling. Barker through her work presents an alternative narrative that exposes the passivity and suffering of women embedded within these long-standing traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of Hector as an attractive figure for the audience of the Iliad is a well-studied topic in criticism. Different hypotheses and elements contributing to this effect have been given, but there is clear agreement that the hero, particularly among the Trojans, is one of the most sympathetic to the audience throughout the poem. This paper sets out to study the hero’s speeches and their attunement with the feelings and opinions of the audience, and in general with the emotional tone of the different moments of the poetic performance. We hypothesize that, as Hector's tragedy unfolds, the relationship between the perception of events manifested in the hero’s words and that of the audience becomes increasingly conflicted, a process that is reversed at the moment when the imminence of his death becomes clear to the character. Thus, we will attempt to demonstrate that the audience’s identification with Hector is not a simple, linear phenomenon, but is manipulated by the poet to generate expectations and anxiety in the audience in order to retain their attention to the epic spectacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I offer a reconsideration of Zoilus' treatise Against Homer's Poetry. Two fragments of this work, F9a and F14 Fogagnolo, especially showcase Zoilus' significance in the context of ancient literary criticism. F9a is usually considered a sarcastic comment on Homer's lack of realism. I propose instead that it is a critique of the way the poet crafted the bird omen of Il. 10.174-177: Zoilus regarded the omen as a symbolic device and focused on the details of the analogical relationship between interpretandum and the interpretamentum. I also suggest that Aristotle F369 Gigon may have originated as a defense of Homer against one of Zoilus' criticisms. Through a new translation of F14, I show that Zoilus did not content himself with analyzing problematic lines of Homer in isolation, but also assessed passages of the poem in light of other relevant passages within the same poem. In short, he criticized Homer from Homer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destiny in Iliad is a problem that has been reviewed from a myriad of approaches. Fate meaning weaving, death, equitable apportionment, more or less fixed sequence of events to occur, abstract force or distinct religious entity. In this paper we consider the possibility that the numerical uses within the poem function as a narrative and symbolic resource announcing the forces of Fate, relating and comparing the concepts of "Number" and "Moira", while accounting for the asymmetries and symmetries present in the poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike the fat body of Iros, παχύς bodies in Homeric poetry are powerful, attractive, and consistent with a non-gender- specific conception of the erotic. In Odyssey 18, Iros' bulk belies his lack of strength, but Odysseus' large frame, elsewhere described as παχύς, both promises and delivers effective action. A threat of castration distances Iros from the erotic; Odysseus enjoys sexual intimacy with several characters. Penelope exercises seductive charms over the suitors in book 18, shortly after being described as παχύς; the description of her "παχύς hand" at 21.6 suggests both bulk and strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Small islands in Indonesia usually have a million beauty and extraordinary natural wealth. However, the development of remote islands is prolonged due to the limited electricity supply on these islands. This limitation occurs because the island is far from the primary power grid or uses a diesel generator (DG). Using the DG will increase the cost of shipping fuel oil through limited sea transportation. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a feasibility study of a solar power plant to meet the electricity needs of Sebesi Island, South Lampung, Indonesia. The availability of solar Energy and limited battery life are the main challenges in providing solar Energy today. Therefore, this study also considers the uncertainty of resources by using the sensitivity factor. This research uses HOMER software. This study assumes operating reserve peak, operating reserve, solar reserve, and lifetime battery life to account for resource uncertainty. This method is very effective in overcoming operational limitations and problems. The research results show that the optimal peak operating reserve, operating reserve, solar reserve, and lifetime battery are 10%, 10%, 10–30%, and 5 years, respectively. To meet the daily electrical energy needs of 505.1 kWh, the minimum net current cost (NPC) and energy cost (COE) are $1.26 million and 0.346 $/kWh, respectively. Therefore, this research succeeded in finding a scenario that takes into account sensitivity factors that are more economical. Compared with a diesel generator (DG) with a capacity of 100 kW, the NPC and COE values are $1.29 million and 0.397 $/kWh. Meanwhile, in terms of technology, solar power systems produce much more energy than DG. This system has an energy of 583,316 kWh/year, while the DG system can produce an energy of 268,469 kWh/year. As a result, this system can also reduce CO2 emissions by 241,812 kg/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Odyssey, I,148, the κοῦροι “youths” fill bowls brimful of drink at the feast of Penelope’s suitors. The purpose of this article is to defend the authenticity of this contested line and consider who the κοῦροι are. To date, they have been regarded as subordinate workers or slaves. However, the κοῦροι are different from regular workers. They do not carry out any household duties other than “fill bowls brimful of drink”. In addition, the word κοῦροι is sometimes used to refer to people of higher standing, including the suitors of Penelope, and does not necessarily refer to the category of workers or slaves. Moreover, filling bowls with wine is anyone’s duty, from lower workers to higher-ranking people, and it is sometimes a duty for banquet participants. The other two lines that are the same as Odyssey, I,148 imply that the κοῦροι participated in drinking parties. The οἱ in the following line (149) means “the participants”. The κοῦροι and οἱ refer to almost same individuals. Therefore, the κοῦροι should be translated as “young participants” who include the suitors, their high-level assistants, and Telemachus and Mentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will investigate a certain similarity between Origen's response to Celsus' True Logos and the criticisms against Longinus' interpretation of the early pages of Plato's Timaeus made in Proclus' Commentary by a certain Origenes, usually held to be a pagan though without compelling evidence. Origen begins by assuming that 'Celsus' was an Epicurean of that name, even though it has long been obvious that 'Celsus' has adopted a Platonist point of view and that Origen's answers often rely on Plato's authority; in Proclus, Origenes regularly regards Longinus' explanations as turning Plato into a hedonist by having him aim at the reader's pleasure, and at one point Longinus even made reference to Epicurus. The paper uses recent work on the presence in Porphyry and Lucian of alternative names, whether inside philosophic schools or as a nom de plume, to argue that Origen could not be sure of his opponent's identity, but that as he wrote he came to suspect that 'Celsus' was in fact his younger contemporary Longinus, the initial teacher of Porphyry himself. Hence the allusions to his 'philological' tendencies. If this is correct, then there is additional reason to identify Origen with Origenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amidst a growing global focus on sustainable energy, this study investigates the underutilization of renewable resources in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, with a specific emphasis on the Najran Secondary Industrial Institute (NSII). This research presents an in-depth analysis of installing a hybrid microgrid (MG) system on the roofs of NSII buildings, exploring six cases with varying tilt and azimuth angles. The study innovatively integrates architectural design and system administration, a novel approach for this location, and benchmarks the optimal angles against Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software defaults. The proposed system consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, a battery storage system (BSS), a converter, a diesel generator (DG), and a grid. The selected model balances technological and economic viability with environmental considerations, ensuring a reliable power supply within the NSII's roof area constraints. An extensive sensitivity analysis evaluates the system's resilience across different scenarios. The current system, which is grid-only, has an estimated Net Present Cost (NPC) of about USD 7.02M and emits 1.81M kg/yr of CO2. The findings point to installing a microgrid with a 20.97° tilt and 50° azimuth angle as optimal, demonstrating 54.69% lower NPC and 92% lower CO2 emissions, along with zero kWh/year unmet electrical load when applying the resilience assessments. This outcome highlights Saudi Arabia's southern region's renewable energy potential, aligning with national mega-projects and energy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of electrifying rural areas has been a multi-decade quest, emblematic of Nigeria's longstanding efforts to diversify its energy sources and reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the electrification status and perform a techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system to ensure electricity reliability, bill reduction and reduced grid demand for three representative rural communities in Rivers State using HOMER Pro Software. Subsequently, five hybrid system scenarios that encompassed different combinations of the grid, PV modules, wind and battery, were examined using the CRITIC-PROMETHEE II methodologies. Each community was assessed based on its own hourly electricity demand, using data obtained from the injection substation. The Aluu, Choba and Rumuekini communities experienced an average daily electricity supply of 4.6, 5.4 and 6.2 h respectively from the national grid with energy usage of 5436.4 MW for Aluu, 3375.4 MW for Choba and 1626.1 MW for Rumuekini, in 2022. The findings indicate that the grid/PV module was the optimal choice for the three communities. Moreover, the cost of energy (COE) for the proposed systems ranged from 0.0181 $/kWh to 0.0185 $/kWh, significantly lower than the grid's COE of 0.08625 $/kWh in the respective communities. This research further includes a sensitivity analysis of the optimal system, examining variations in PV cost, discount rate, inflation rate, annual scaled solar irradiance and electrical demand. The results provide a comprehensive framework to support decision-making, optimize system design and align renewable energy solutions with project goals and stakeholder priorities.

In this article, we showcase the pilot scenario of The Trojan War, an educational self-directed game that combines text inspired by ancient Greek (as well as Roman) literature with graphics based on the ‘Geometric style’, an authentic Greek style of painting contemporary with the composition of the Homeric epics. Our game uses interactive scenarios to support active learning strategies of students interested in Classical Studies in both tertiary and secondary education. Players can take on the role of key characters, making choices that can prevent, start, or stop the Trojan War, as well as determine their own personal outcomes. The learners are thus presented with the opportunity to explore alternative pathways to rewrite the history of the War. In the process, they can apply their subject knowledge and develop their intellectual and critical skills. They also become familiar with a distinctive and expressive early Greek artistic style, the so-called Geometric. Rather than focusing on winning, the game aims to give students the opportunity to engage with important ideas and values of ancient Greek culture by exploring multiple perspectives on the topic. It also provides a valuable lesson on the potentially wide-ranging consequences of individual choices, which is a core element of responsible citizenship.

Abstract This study addresses the pressing issue of quality electricity access in remote regions, with a specific focus on Tumbatu Island in Tanzania. Most studies on quality improvement concentrate on low‐voltage distribution lines and leave high‐voltage (HV) transmission lines behind. It is essential to address quality issues in HV lines due to their critical role in electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. The objective of the study is to improve the voltage profile on the island's HV transmission line by identifying the optimal hybrid energy system comprising solar PV, wind turbine, and battery technologies. The study begins by presenting the total power demand and consumption on Tumbatu Island, which are important factors in designing an efficient energy system. The findings reveal a power demand of 7173 kW and a consumption of 28540 kWh/day, with an average scaled value of 1507.9 and 6000 kWh/day. To achieve the desired voltage profile improvement, the research incorporates HOMER Pro software for simulating and analyzing various hybrid system configurations. Essential input parameters, such as costs, resources, technology components, and load, are considered in the simulation process. The software generates a ranked list of options based on the system's net present cost (NPC). The simulation results demonstrate that the integration of solar PV, wind turbine, and HV lines provides a substantial improvement in the voltage profile, increasing it from 29.6 to 31.23 kV during peak demand periods. This solution proves to be the most economically viable, with the lowest NPC of $4,003,851 and a relatively short payback period of 3.79 years. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most influential parameter in the system's performance. Wind speed is found to have the greatest impact, emphasizing its significance in the design and operation of the hybrid energy system. The implementation of this optimal hybrid renewable energy system on Tumbatu Island will not only improve the voltage profile and meet the island's energy needs but also shall contribute to global efforts in reducing pollution and the cost of electricity to the Tumbatu Island population. Moreover, it addresses the current and future demands for clean energy, underlining its importance in achieving sustainable and accessible electricity in sub‐Saharan Africa and beyond.

Greece is a country with numerous islands which are not close to mainland. The country has very good solar energy potential while many islands have a really windy weather. In this article based on long-term meteorological data 20 Greek islands are simulated using the HOMER Pro software in order to find the best hybrid autonomous system. The criterion was the levelized cost of energy. In each case the cost of energy has values between 0.229 and 0.254 €/kWh which means that is financially sound.

The goal of this text is to examine the morally devised limits of human knowledge using examples from an exposition of Odysseus’ journey beyond the Pillars of Heracles found in Canto XXVI of Dante’s Divine Comedy. First, the literary context of the protagonist and its comparison with the ancient model will be briefly introduced. This will be followed by a separate analysis of the individual elements of the story in the light of the issue of the limits of knowledge mentioned above, taking into account the historical context.

Objective: Homer1, a postsynaptic protein coded by the HOMER1 gene, presumably has a role in homeostatic plasticity that dampens neuronal responsiveness when the input activity is too high. HOMER1 polymorphism has been studied in major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to investigate if polymorphisms of the HOMER1 gene are associated with psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD-P). Methods: One hundred patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled consecutively in a PD-P biomarker study at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. Of the 100 PD patients, 50 had psychosis (PD-P) and 50 did not have psychosis (PD-NP). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of HOMER1 (rs4704559 and rs4704560) were analyzed from the DNA isolated from peripheral blood. The allele and genotype frequencies in the PD-P and PD-NP groups were compared. Results: Analysis of HOMER1 rs4704560 revealed a significant difference in both genotype and allele levels between PD-P and PD-NP groups. There was an overrepresentation of T-allele (42% vs. 16%; P < 0.001) and TT genotype (24% vs. 6%; P < 0.001) in the PD-P group compared to PD-NP group. There was no significant difference between PD-P and PD-NP groups when various genotypes and allele frequencies related to HOMER1 rs4704559 were compared. Conclusion: PD-P is probably associated with overrepresentation of T-allele of HOMER1 rs4704560, and larger studies are warranted to confirm our results.

It is generally accepted by scholars that the songs of Homer were first written in ~ 700 BCE; the text seems to spring fully formed into a still illiterate world, demonstrating in a sophisticated vocabulary the first example of the use of a new alphabet. The language used is a never-spoken construct; its construction represents the first use of an alphabet enabling words to be written. This paper aims to open a discussion on the means by which spelling emerged, either democratically or as the work of one man.

Although hybrid wind-biomass-battery-solar energy systems have enormous potential to power future cities sustainably, there are still difficulties involved in their optimal planning and designing that prevent their widespread adoption. This article aims to develop an optimal sizing of microgrids by incorporating renewable energy (RE) technologies for improving cost efficiency and sustainability in urban areas. Diverse RE technologies such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, biomass, batteries, wind turbines, and converters are considered for system configuration to obtain this goal. Net present cost (NPC) is this study's objective function for optimal sizing microgrid configuration. For demonstration, we assess the technical, economic factors, and atmospheric emissions of optimal hybrid renewable energy systems for Putrajaya City in Malaysia. The required solar radiation data, temperature, and wind speeds are collected from the NASA surface metrological database. From the quantitative analysis of simulations, the biomass-battery-based system has optimal economic outcomes compared to other systems with an NPC of around 1.07 M$, while the cost of energy (COE) is 0.118 $/kWh. Moreover, environmentally safe nitrogen oxide emissions, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide concentrations exist. The grid-tied RE technology boasts cost-effectiveness, with an NPC of 348,318 $ and a COE of 0.0112 $/kWh. This study aids decision-makers in formulating policies for integrating hybrid RE systems in urban areas, promoting sustainable energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]