Search

Beginning in 2007, the author spent a decade researching the flight of European Holocaust refugees into the Soviet interior, Central Asia, and the Middle East. She traveled to Russia, Uzbekistan, Poland, and Israel, and – via an intermediary – Iran. She conducted interviews in Syktyvkar, Samarqand and other places where descendants of former refugees and locals who were in contact with them now live. She also unearthed testimonies and interviews that were conducted with refugees and locals in the 1940s. The result was a multi-faceted mosaic that complicates commonly held views about the relationship between east and west, empire and native, migrant and the nation-state. The article discusses the challenge this research poses for some of the basic assumptions of canonical postcolonial theory and argues for fine-tuning the latter's often binary perspective between the west and the Other by combining it with the sociological insights of the field of memory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When he returned to Amsterdam in spring 1945, Otto Frank discovered that not one but two versions of his daughter's diary had survived the Holocaust: the three notebooks of so‐called version A and the revision of that diary on loose sheets of paper, called version B. Other texts also survived, including a notebook Anne titled “Tales and Events from the Secret Annex,” where she collected more than three dozen short pieces of prose. Best known for its “tales,” the book is, in fact, mostly nonfiction, including numerous sketches of annex life. More self‐contained and literary than her diary entries, they show Anne experimenting as a writer. They also show her writing vigorously in the summer of 1943, a period unrepresented in version A since none of that year's diary notebooks survived. Yet, as Anne later wrote, it was “the second half of 1943” when her life changed: when she began “to think, to write.” My goal here is to better fit the “Tales” notebook into the story of Anne's life and work, a project made easier by the recent publication of Anne Frank: The Collected Works, which includes, for the first time in English, all of the author's writing, in one volume, in separate, continuous texts. To read those texts in the order in which she wrote them is to see Anne Frank not just growing as a writer but becoming a writer. The results are of interest not only to scholars of Anne's life and work but to teachers of young readers and writers, for whom Anne Frank has long been a model, if an imperfectly understood one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an analysis of the film "The Zone of Interest" by Jonathan Glazer, focusing on its impact and themes. The film depicts the everyday life of Rudolf Höß, the commandant of Auschwitz, and his wife, Hedwig, outside the concentration camp. It explores the contrast between the horrors of the Holocaust and the normalcy of the Höß family's existence, evoking a sense of stagnation and unresolved emotions. The article delves into the moral implications of ordinary individuals being complicit in destructive political systems and challenges the notion of Holocaust exceptionalism. It also examines the historical continuity of genocidal practices and raises questions about moral evolution since World War II. The text further explores the interconnectedness of antisemitism and Islamophobia and emphasizes the importance of critically examining history and acknowledging the destruction caused by oppressive regimes. [Extracted from the article]

The paper examines the visual and verbal representation of the Holocaust in Israeli schoolbooks. The relations between images and texts or captions are revealed through a multimodal discourse analysis. Most photographs were transposed to Israeli schoolbooks, unattributed and de-contextualized, from Nazi archives and amateur albums. These photographs have become the icons of the Holocaust, and even the Holocaust itself, or its simulacra, for post-memory generations. Therefore, the perpetrator’s perspective often comes through as objective and factual. Schoolbooks transform these photographs to educational resources, or to means by which the state educates its young to remember. The question is, how do these images construct what the students need to remember or rather, what meaning are students prompted to make of them? In the schoolbooks, the photographs illustrate the Zionist narrative “from Holocaust to resurrection” in which the state of Israel is presented as the alternative to another Holocaust. The annihilation is graphically described in detail, but the annihilated are not narrated. Most are presented only as icons of the “final solution” and specimens of categories. This representation attests to an interest to traumatize, not to inspire mourning or arouse empathy and reverence towards the victims “we don’t want to become again”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015 the German government acknowledged that the Empire committed genocide in its colony South West Africa, known since its independence as Namibia. This acknowledgement marked a new reference point in how to engage with colonial crimes. Since then, Germany has fallen short of bearing full and unconditional responsibility for and recognition of the crime in terms of restorative justice. While Germany deserves credit for its commemoration and remorse over the Holocaust during World War II, victims of other forms of extermination with the intent to destroy still crave adequate recognition, commemoration and compensation in the form of reparations. This article presents the Namibian case to illustrate the contradictions and limitations that emerge when general notions are tested and undermined by asymmetric power relations of Realpolitik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the Holocaust film "The Zone of Interest," directed by Jonathan Glazer. Topics discussed include the portrayal of the life of Auschwitz concentration camp commandant Rudolf Höss, the view that "The Zone of Interest" is a horror film forcing its audience to identify with perpetrators, and the purpose of the film to represent itself as a complementary or alternative strategy to memorialization.

While perpetrator fiction, which centralizes the perpetrator's experience, perspective, and mind, is commonly studied through the peril of readers' possible identification with the executioner, this paper considers the challenges that writers face in creating these characters. First, the question of narrative authority—who is authorized to imagine the Holocaust?—arises anew: do nonsurvivors hold the public and moral legitimacy to imagine perpetrators? Second, there is the risk of writers' identification with the humanized executioner to the point of losing their moral judgment and critical perspective. Utilizing Holocaust historiography (Yitzhak Arad, Christopher Browning) and recent theoretical work on perpetrator fiction (especially by Erin McGlothlin), this paper identifies some of the textual mechanisms that contemporary authors employ in response to these challenges: metapoetic discourse, the fantastic mode, creative uses of historical facts, first-person and unreliable narration, and alternating textual forms. Following an introductory presentation of the theoretical problem, the paper closely explores mechanisms of defense and narrative authority in the "Wasserman" part of David Grossman's See Under: Love ('Ayen 'erekh: Ahavah), before turning to a briefer consideration of Martin Amis's Time's Arrow, Bernhard Schlink's The Reader, and other second-generation Holocaust narratives. A more extensive analysis of Jonathan Littell's The Kindly Ones concludes my discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on John Banville's novel "Shroud" in the context of its connections to Paul de Man, focusing on the novel's exploration of deconstructive themes and trauma. Topics include protagonist's parallels with de Man's life, the impact of Holocaust trauma on the narrative; and the application of deconstructivist ideas to understand profound loss and displacement.

This article examines theories that Nazi Germany had a plan to extend the Final Solution to the Near East, to Shanghai, and beyond Europe's borders more generally. It argues for a strictly pan-European interpretation of the Final Solution policy as it unfolded in history, while acknowledging the implications of the Nazi Weltanschauung for Jews around the world who might have fallen under Nazi occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines two shoe soles cut from a Torah scroll which British historian and collector of Judaica Cecil Roth collected in Greece in 1946. As Holocaust relics, the Torah scroll shoe soles are, in turn, sacred and sacrilegious, texts and objects, Greek Jewish and non-Jewish Greek artifacts. Roth's recovery of the shoe soles is compromised by occurring under the auspices of the British Army during the Greek Civil War and in the controversial climate of collecting Judaica displaced by the Holocaust. I discuss the ongoing story of the shoe soles: their separation, their use, and their best location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the history of pogroms against Jews in the former Poland-Lithuania region during the 19th and 20th centuries. It discusses the long history of antisemitism in Europe and how it contributed to the rise of politicized antisemitism and eventually the Holocaust. The article also explores the role of Catholic peers in the violence, the portrayal of pogroms in literature and art, and the denial and whitewashing of pogroms by Polish intellectuals and the government. It highlights the importance of studying and understanding this history in the context of contemporary issues of intolerance and violence. The article mentions a comprehensive four-volume work called "Pogromy Żydów" that covers various periods and provides case studies and historical analysis of specific pogroms. It notes that the book is a valuable resource for researchers, although it lacks a comprehensive index and information on the contributors. The article suggests that an English edition or a selection of material from the book could be considered for future publication. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the Second World War, the Hungarian state treated Jews as secondrank citizens, marginalized them socially and economically, confiscated all their property, and eventually handed them over to a foreign power to be killed. After the Holocaust, the remaining and returning Jews of Cluj faced serious difficulties. The survivors returning from deportation and labor service not only had to deal with the trauma of war, but also had to face the loss of family members and relatives, confiscation of their homes, and the closure of their institutions. Under these circumstances, the survivors’ primary goal was to rebuild their community and create a new livelihood, but they faced many legal and administrative obstacles in their efforts. In this study, we will trace the process of reorganization of the Jewish community in Cluj after the Holocaust, briefly discussing the problem of recovering confiscated property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text provides an overview of the book "The Pope at War: The Secret History of Pius XII, Mussolini, and Hitler" by David I. Kertzer. The book examines the controversial reign of Pope Pius XII during World War II and his relationship with Hitler and Mussolini. It argues that Pius XII prioritized the interests of the Catholic Church over taking a stand against Nazi atrocities. The text also discusses the pope's silence on the Holocaust and his refusal to help rescue Jewish children. It presents a critical perspective on Pius XII's actions and raises questions about his suitability for leadership during difficult times. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Nakam: The Holocaust Survivors Who Sought Full-Scale Revenge" by Dina Porat explores the actions of Holocaust survivors seeking revenge against Germans post-World War II. Motivated by their persecution and continued antisemitism, these survivors planned to retaliate for the Holocaust by killing six million Germans in 1946. The book chronicles the Avengers' development of revenge plans, their complex relationships with various groups, and the aftermath of their failed attempt to poison the Nuremberg water system. Porat's work provides a detailed account of these survivors' motivations, actions, and the broader historical context of Jewish reactions to the Holocaust and the establishment of the State of Israel. [Extracted from the article]

Edward Kissi's book "Africans and the Holocaust" explores how sub-Saharan Africans perceived and responded to Nazi antisemitism and the Holocaust. Kissi delves into the perspectives of non-Jewish Africans, examining their awareness of and reactions to the persecution of European Jews during World War II. The book highlights the complex relationship between Africans' experiences of colonialism and their views on Nazism, shedding light on the shared history of persecution between colonized Africans and victimized Jews. Additionally, Kissi addresses the postwar reluctance of African nations to provide a haven for Holocaust survivors, revealing the limits and paradoxes of human empathy. [Extracted from the article]

Costigliola's biography of George Kennan delves into the emotional aspects of his life and how they influenced his diplomatic career. Kennan's deep feelings for Russia were rooted in his dissatisfaction with modern America, leading him to idealize preindustrial eras and even welcome disasters as opportunities for reform. The biography also highlights Kennan's insensitivity to vulnerable populations, such as his initial lack of sympathy towards Nazi persecution of Jews. Overall, Costigliola's work presents Kennan as a brilliant yet deeply problematic figure whose emotions played a significant role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses whether Holocaust education alone is sufficient to combat antisemitism, amidst rising incidents and declining knowledge about the Holocaust. Topics include the relationship between Holocaust education and antisemitism, the role of conspiracy theories in fueling antisemitism, and the challenges in connecting Holocaust education to broader issues like discrimination and social responsibility.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article revisits the so-called 'Jewish Question' against the combined background of Marxist historiography and the resurgence of antisemitic and neofascist politics. It begins by analysing the critical reception of Marx's formative essay, 'On the Jewish Question', and assesses its contemporary relevance in the aftermath of institutionalised antisemitism in the USSR, the monstrosity of the Shoah, the consolidation of the Israeli state, and the catastrophic ramifications of the ongoing Nakba. Despite the various defects of Marx and Engels's reflections on the 'Jewish Question', their critical insights vividly anticipate the failings of liberalism, Soviet socialism, and Zionism in emancipating Jews, while also reminding contemporary Marxists about the political urgency of human emancipation. At its core, the 'Jewish Question' remains a universal question, extending to all oppressed peoples and classes that have been rendered abandoned and dispensable beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores how a Holocaust counter-narrative can be constructed in response to historical negationism, Romanian exceptionalism, and ‘ethnocentric mindscape’, as described by Ana Bărbulescu. In America de peste Pogrom [America Over Pogrom] (2014), Cătălin Mihuleac reconstructs the Iași pogrom, challenging contemporary antisemitic and negationist discourses. The novel exposes the complicity of public figures, police, and civilians in the Jewish extermination under Ion Antonescu’s regime, thus creating a fictional narrative closer to the historical truth than other postcommunist discourses that denied the accountability of the Romanian people. Through the character Suzy Bernstein, who uncovers Romania’s genocidal past, Mihuleac’s work serves as a memorial and postmemorial metanarrative, reflecting on historical trauma, the social and historical conditions that made the Holocaust possible in Romania, on its impact on contemporary Romania and on the accessibility of Holocaust knowledge nowadays. The novel, while ignored by Romanian critics, has been well-received in Western Europe, highlighting the differing priorities in Holocaust memory between Eastern and Western societies. I am also interested in the circulation of Mihuleac’s novel. If the Romanian critics ignored the novel, it has been well received in the France and German and was awarded important prizes as well as apologetic reviews. My hypothesis for the lack of interest on Romanian critics’ behalf and, in contrast, of the interest shown by Western publishers and critics is the marginalization of the Holocaust memory in Romania and the centrality of it in the Western society, much preoccupied with keeping the victims’ memory alive and defending it (by legislating it) from negationist and conspiracy tendencies associated with contemporary antisemitic ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mark and Gail Appel Program in Holocaust and Antiracism Education: "Learning from the Past, Teaching for the Future" (TFTF) is a tri-national program that brings students from Canada, Germany, and Poland to sites of Holocaust memory to focus on the history, experience, representation, and memorialization of the Holocaust and its implications for other instances of atrocity, racism, and genocide. This forum gathers five voices from the 2013-2014 cohort of TFTF in order to reflect, a decade after the program, on the program's challenges, opportunities, and lasting impacts. The forum documents the various ways TFTF has influenced the lives and career trajectories of each of the forum participants. The forum is bookended by reflections from its editors--a program organizer and a program participant--on the potentials of experiential learning, the promise of an international network of educators, and the processing that a program like TFTF continues to demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other historiographical fields, that of German history has been defined through most of its existence by the things historians argued about. We could go back well over a hundred years to the Methodenstreit over Karl Lamprecht's efforts to write multidisciplinary history, follow the line through the work of Eckart Kehr, Fritz Fischer, Hans Ulrich Wehler, and the Sonderweg debate, and continue on through the Historikerstreit and the Historikerinnenstreit of the 1980s, and the Goldhagen and Wehrmacht exhibit fights in the mid-1990s, to recent debates over the relative weight of colonial and Holocaust memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the challenges faced by Jewish communities in Europe in the 21st century, including rising right-wing parties, racism, xenophobia, and antisemitism. It also discusses the concerns of Jews regarding the actions of the Israeli government and the role of digital platforms in shaping European Jewishness and facilitating interactions between different ethnic and religious groups. The text emphasizes the need for non-Jews to address these challenges and create a secure and inclusive home for Jews in Europe. It concludes by questioning the future of Jewish life in Europe and the potential of digital spaces to preserve Jewish presence despite current crises. [Extracted from the article]

In October 2017, Vienna's Leopoldstadt community succeeded in reinstalling a Hebrew street sign in a public space of the second district. This achievement became possible in large part due to the efforts of an active online community that encouraged many people to share their wish to have visible signs of the former historic Jewish quarter in the present urban space. Through vigorous Facebook and other social media activities, the interest that the group generated put pressure on the city, leading to the support of an art project. The placement of the Hebrew street sign marked a hybrid way of constructing Jewish urban spaces. The dialogue between virtual and physical spaces added new layers to the historic Jewish quarter of Vienna; this way of relational space making is, I wish to argue, paradigmatic for today's Europe as it witnesses the heyday of Holocaust tourism and klezmer revivals. In this article, I investigate this space-making process in Jewish public history in present Vienna and examine how the virtual community frames the way urban Jewish spaces are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on archival, theoretical and methodological approaches to a set of prisoner registration cards from the Arolsen Archives. It argues that the cards make a unique contribution to the history of the Holocaust, which goes beyond their subjects' experiences of the camp system. While historians have employed similar documents to chart the history of Jews in the concentration camps, this article suggests methodological ways for using the cards to tell a history of Jewish life, too. It reveals how the biographical nature of the cards provides personal information for those who would otherwise be dehumanized. In so doing, it builds on Dan Stone's suggestion that it is possible to write a social history of the Holocaust using records from the Arolsen Archives, by identifying specific elements in the sources that achieve this. It also presents how digital humanities mapping tools can use data from the cards to visualize and analyse trends in their subjects' lives and in the broader Jewish experience. Finally, it acknowledges the limits of the cards as sources and identifies how – when other sources are available – they can be combined with memoirs, testimonies and post-war documentation to illuminate archival silences and reveal personal agency. For many victims of the Holocaust, however, cards like these are the only remaining trace of their lives. As a result, this article suggests innovative approaches for using Arolsen Archive material to tell a social history of the Holocaust, thus challenging preconceptions about camp documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the rescue and survival of Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, specifically focusing on the exodus of Jewish refugees from Lithuania to East Asia in 1940-1941. It challenges the prevailing narrative that emphasizes the role of Japanese diplomat Sugihara Chiune in issuing transit visas to the refugees, arguing that this narrative is oversimplified and largely incorrect. The article calls for a comprehensive examination of all narratives and sources to provide a more accurate account of the affair. It also provides background information on the refugee problem in Lithuania and the perspectives of the visa issuers. Additionally, the article discusses the complex narrative surrounding the departure of Jewish refugees from Lithuania, highlighting the involvement of various actors and factors. It concludes by calling for a more accurate and critical examination of the events. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the history and impact, from the end of the Cold War to the present, of the intertwined relationships between increased Holocaust consciousness, the rise of moral pedagogies and political rhetorics of anti-antisemitism, and the emotionalization of Western politics and public discourse. The surge of interest in Holocaust memory in the 1990s was closely connected with the new prominence of feelings in that decade, and particularly with the widespread emphasis on empathy with suffering. Deep-seated traditions within Western culture, including within Judaism itself, of ascribing special meaning to Jewish suffering played an important role in the emergence in this decade of "redemptive anti-antisemitism." This outlook, which rapidly attained consensus status in public debate and especially in moralized Holocaust pedagogy, enshrined opposition to antisemitism, understood as the key lesson of the Holocaust, as the key gateway to the overcoming of all hatreds and prejudices. After 9/11 and the outbreak of the Second Intifada, this universalist optimism became increasingly difficult to sustain. With Palestinians and Israelis engaged in intense competition for international public empathy, the emotional authority of anti-antisemitism became entangled with responses to this conflict. The Israeli military assault on Gaza in January 2009 generated particularly intense arguments over the politics of empathy. Since then, in different but related ways in various Western countries, the political and emotional priority accorded to anti-antisemitism has increasingly stood in a rivalrous or antagonistic rather than a solidaristic relationship with campaigns against other forms of prejudice, especially with respect to Islamophobia. The charged cultural and political resonance of appeals to empathy with Jewish suffering can only be understood through a historical understanding of how the emotional fabric of contemporary Western public debate is shaped by the deep roots of exceptionalist thinking about the Holocaust and antisemitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasingly diverse societal landscape in Greece for more than three decades within a context of migration, understandings of its fragile histories are still limited in shaping a sense of belonging that is open to 'otherness'. While Greek communities have utilised history as a pathway to maintain identity, other parallel histories and understandings do not resonate with 'Greekness' for most, such as the case of Greek Jewry. Critical historical perspectives can benefit from tracing 're-membering' as a feminist practice in the reassessment of societal values of inclusivity. Histories of violence and injustice can also include elements of 'difficult histories' and must be embraced to seek acknowledgement of these in promoting social change and cultural analysis for public humanities informing curation and curricula. Between eduscapes, art heritage spaces, an entry into contested and conflictual histories can expand a sense of belonging and the way we imagine our own connected histories with communities, place and nation. Greek Jews do not constitute a strong part of historical memory for Greeks in their past and present; in contrast to what is perceived as 'official' history, theirs is quite marginal. As a result, contemporary Greeks, from everyday life to academia, do not have a holistic understanding in relation to the identities of Jews in Greece, their culture or the Holocaust. Given the emergence of a new wave of artistic activism in recent years in response to the ever-increasing dominance of authoritarian neoliberalism, along with activist practices in the art field as undercurrents of resistance, in this intervention I bring together bodies of works to create a dialogic reflection with historical, artistic and feminist sources. In turn, the discussion then explores the spatiotemporal contestations of the historical geographies of Holocaust monuments in Greece. While interrogating historical amnesia, I endeavour to provide a space to engage with 'difficult histories' in their aesthetic context as a heritage of healing and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I describe two fieldwork experiences dealing with traumatic subject matter: a three-month trip to the Russian Federation, researching the crimes of Stalin against the Soviet population, and a two-week odyssey across Poland, researching memorialization of the Holocaust as it occurred there. I had a much more difficult time on the Polish trip. These trips took place at different times, and my positionality had changed dramatically between the two experiences. The other relevant factor in each case was the nature of the material itself and the extent to which I was exposed to it. The Stalinist Terror is much more submerged in Russian society, for example, and it was often challenging to find evidence that it had occurred, as this involved travel to often far-flung Gulag and mass execution sites. In the Polish case, however, the Holocaust narrative and evidence of its occurrence was front and center in my experiences there, to the extent that the ubiquity of sites where terrible events occurred became overwhelming. The interaction of my positionality and the extent to which I was exposed to different types of traumatic experience, led to widely differing emotional tolls on my psyche in each case. I hope an analysis of this interaction, and the differing effects it produced provides information about planning and executing research on traumatic subjects that is valuable to others preparing to undertake it. (Or perhaps it will provide a cautionary tale about what to avoid). This article adds to the literature on personal negative outcomes experienced by those researching traumatic subject matter, particularly in the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matilda Mroz's book, "Framing the Holocaust in Polish Aftermath Cinema," explores how Polish cinema addresses the "unwanted knowledge" of Polish wartime crimes against Jewish neighbors. The book analyzes four films and employs philosophically oriented film theory to examine the process of "coming-to-know" the histories of Polish violence against Polish Jews during and after the Holocaust. Mroz draws on concepts from philosophers such as Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas to argue that these films negotiate the complex Polish-Jewish relationship. The book offers a nuanced analysis of the cinematic representation of Polish violence and contributes to the ongoing debate on the relationship between non-Jewish Poles and Polish Jews. [Extracted from the article]

"The Holocaust Bystander in Polish Culture, 1942–2015: The Story of Innocence" is a book that examines the portrayal of the Holocaust in Polish culture. The book argues that there is no innocent witness to the Holocaust and suggests that Polish society has not fully acknowledged the extent of Polish-Jewish relations during that time. The authors analyze various works of Polish culture, including movies, poems, novels, and essays, to explore the concept of being a witness to the Holocaust in Poland. The book challenges the dominant narrative of Polish innocence and highlights the active antisemitism that existed. It is a thought-provoking and important read for those interested in understanding the complexities of Polish-Jewish history. [Extracted from the article]

This source publication contains three categories of documents related to the Nazi German occupation of Poland, specifically the city of Lwów (Lemberg) in District Galicia of the General Government, which have been translated from German to English. The documents were selected for their relevance to ongoing debates and research questions evoked by the "third phase" of the Holocaust characterized by both widespread police searches for Jews and help offered by non-Jews to the fugitives, here set in the multi-ethnic context of Eastern Galicia between September 1943 and June 1944. Documents 1 to 4 are the German laws that formed the legal basis of decrees limiting Jewish residence and sanctioning punishment for their violation. Documents 5 to 7 are verdicts handed down by the Special Court in Lemberg (Sondergericht im Lemberg) on the basis of these decrees, in which the judges imposed the death penalty on the accused for giving refuge to Jews. Documents 8 to 11 are final reports regarding the arrests of Poles and Ukrainians, and the Jews whom they were sheltering, written by members of the Third Commissariat of the Lemberg Polish Criminal Police (PPK), which were sent to their supervisors in the German Criminal Police (Kripo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text contains answers to 5 questions concerning the use of Oral History in Holocaust research in Eastern Europe and the author's opinions and experiences with the use of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article gives a brief overview of the historiography of post-war justice in Lithuania. It begins with an introduction to post-Holocaust justice, outlining the functioning of the post-war war crimes trials in Soviet Lithuania, including the institutional framework, the retribution law, the nature of legal proceedings, and the procedural changes that took place over time. The article then presents the historiographical approaches historians have used to investigate these trials and depicts the current developments in this field of study. It shows that following the fall of the Soviet Union, the first works on post-war justice lacked an in-depth analysis and instead concentrated on how the Soviet regime had utilized these legal proceedings for political purposes. The article presents not only the micro-historical studies that historians have conducted on selected court cases in recent years, but also explores the ways in which the relationship between the Holocaust and the Soviet war crimes trials, as well as the visual representation and mediation of these trials, have been investigated. It then briefly discusses the missing categories of analysis that need to be integrated into the study of post-war justice in the case of Lithuania. The article finishes by presenting the debates and controversies surrounding this historical topic. It shows that the Soviet campaign of post-war retribution is embedded in the "narratives of doubt." The credibility and reliability of the legal records compiled by KGB officials are constantly questioned not only by the legal and political authorities, but also by historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral history constitutes one of the pivotal source categories through which we investigate the Holocaust. The more diverse the source base, the more accurately we can reconstruct the events that transpired. Initially, the study of Holocaust history heavily relied on German documents – essentially, viewing the events through the lens of sources produced by the perpetrators. These sources presented the perspective of the Holocaust's orchestrators and executors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text contains answers to 5 questions concerning the use of Oral History in Holocaust research in Slovakia and the author's opinions and experiences with the use of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The events of the Holocaust are reflected in the numerous memoirs of rescued victims and witnesses of Nazi crimes. Collections of testimonies, memories and oral history on the Holocaust include thousands of early testimonies and life stories archived in for example the Yad Vashem and audio-visual collections initiated in later years such as the Institute for Visual History and Education USC Shoah Foundation, The Fortunoff Video Archives, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Yahad-In Unum and others. In this open forum we how the knowledge from collecting and using oral history and testimonies in Holocaust research can inform current collecting initiatives in relation to for example the ongoing Russian war in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

French students in the third and final year from the Humanities and Social Sciences license A license is the first national university degree and it is completed in six terms. degree course traveled to Ukraine and Belorussia between 2017 and 2020, in order to carry out surveys of eyewitnesses to the so-called "Holocaust by Bullets." The subject-matter stands out in the French scholarly scene, as the Holocaust usually attracts little attention at this level of studies. Students registered in the course hail from license degrees in History, Social Sciences or Geography, and have chosen to attend the course labeled "European Historical Heritage and Citizens' Thoughts" as a complement to a more classical curriculum, and as a way of enhancing their own university curriculum. The research professors involved have also volunteered to participate as authors of the aforementioned multidisciplinary program, with the aim to raise awareness to research practices on the Holocaust. University professors and teams from the Yahad-in-Unum Since its foundation in 2004 by Father Patrick Desbois (2007), having researched Soviet and Nazi Second World War records, the organization has been tirelessly surveying all Eastern European locations associated with the Holocaust by Bullets. It has been collecting villagers' testimonies supporting the evidence of a genocide, documenting the locations of mass graves, and at times identifying victims. The results of such meticulous research have been made public on an interactive online map displaying the locations of all the mass graves recorded – over 2000 to date – and making the information and testimony relevant to each of the sites available to web users. See [online] https://www.yahadmap.org/%20-%20map/#map/ NGO take turns leading the two-hour weekly sessions. The professors help establish theoretical focus and provide methodological tools, develop lines of investigation on various areas of interest (e.g., mode of operation used in the shootings, collaboration and rescue operations, and neighbors of the crime scene), as well as the context (anti-Semitism, racism, local geopolitics, regional history, culture and society, etc.), while Yahad-in-Unum participants describe actual cases based on records, maps and filmed testimonies. They had the task to provide documents from Soviet and Nazi archives translated from Russian, or from German, and act as translators during fieldwork. Students are encouraged to participate as often as possible and have to prepare analytical reports and presentations following each session, while adopting the position of a researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the use of oral history sources in my practice of documentary filmmaking as a second-generation Holocaust survivor. It examines how the filmic documentation of oral history sources can reflect aspects of testimony, memory, and postmemory, as they are theorized in the field of Holocaust Studies. In my film "Past Forward: Journeys to Transnistria," I document the challenge of relating an intergenerational and cross-cultural story while preserving historical accuracy. Filmed in Ukraine in 2002, it tells the story of my mother, a child-survivor of the Romanian Holocaust. Through oral testimony, the film captures my mother's survival story as she tells it to me and later to her granddaughter who documents it for a history school project. It then retraces my mother's journey between 1941 and 1944 from her hometown of Dorohoi, Romania to Transnistria as it was called then under German-allied Romanian occupation. Survivor's testimony combined with onsite witness interviews, and an archival military map, were used to trace the story of a little Jewish Romanian girl who survived the journey to Transnistria. Recently available archival sources have further validated her story. It has also contributed to locating the film within the broader context of the Holocaust in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survivor oral histories have helped determine research questions in Holocaust studies and propelled the field's largest archival efforts. With those storytellers now passing at an ever-quickening pace, however, some oral historians are turning to descendants as the faces of memory. These researchers work with descendants to individualize the enormity of Holocaust history in classrooms and for wider audiences. Historians recognize that succeeding generations are not eyewitnesses to the Holocaust, though they can give voice to the lived legacies of genocide. I seek to bring these experiences into my teaching in a way that also produces indelible sources for future research. To this end, I recently began teaching a course called "Holocaust Legacies and Oral History." Students in this class each conduct a recorded interview with a descendant of survivors. Students and professor work as a team to define the historical purposes of our interviews, draft questions, and prepare. This article the results of this class in terms of pedagogies, successes, areas for improvement, and connections created between classroom and community. The methods employed in this class are affordable and usable at virtually any interested institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl, specifically on its introduction and reception in China. Since its first complete Chinese version, produced by Gao Niansheng, was published in 1989, The Diary has received continuous attention from Chinese translators, literary critics, and publishers. The article first delves into the translations and adaptations of The Diary in China, with a particular emphasis on the Chinese translations released within this timeframe. It then analyses themes in Chinese scholarship on Anne Frank, followed by an explication of why The Diary has been well-received in China. It also explores how, as a world literature classic, The Diary has inspired Chinese writers and critics dedicated to developing children's literature. The article highlights that The Diary, written by a Jewish girl before and during the Holocaust, continues to inspire readers and scholars of all ages and offers valuable insights for Chinese audiences into the contemporary understanding of war, conflict, peace, and love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Berichte zur Wissenschafts-Geschichte is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)