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Coaching researchers from different academic disciplines have been occupied for years in exploring the constraints and barriers that women face when entering the coaching profession, not only at the level of individual agency but also at a structural and socio-cultural level. This paper reprises some of their findings and recognises that historians of coaching have made little contribution to the debate, apart from confirming the critical part played by networks, community, and experience in facilitating coaching careers. While the existing historiography has focused almost exclusively on male coaching practices and on a masculine orientated cultural heritage of coaching, attention is drawn here to the way in which the limited literature on women in coaching has been the result of adopting a very narrow definition of 'coach'. This introduction to the special issue of Sport in History highlights the range of terms historically used by women in coaching-related roles and the way in which women transcended social constraints to become coaches. Although the 'herstory' of sports coaching is only just being uncovered, these contributions represent an important stimulus to the further development of the topic and the paper concludes by highlighting how historians of women's coaching will be taking their research forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to redress the lack of research on women's roles as riding instructors and sport coaches in Britain. During the long nineteenth century, women were enmeshed in professional equestrian activities, and their activities had momentous consequences on the practice of equestrianism as a whole. Women were needed to teach riding to other women because women rode differently from men – on a different saddle and in different clothes. These differences created a space, and a need, for a new kind of female businesswoman, coach, and sporting authority, and enabled a new kind of sporting liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Who gets to be 'sporty' and active in public is an enduring topic of socio-political debate. Disparities in participation continue from limited access, support and funding to ill-fitting equipment and clothing. This article focuses on the latter. Women have long been disproportionally restricted and harassed in public space not only in relation to how, where and when they move but also what they wear. I approach this issue via a unique data source – global clothing inventions for sport and athletic activities (1890–1940). Analysing convertible, multiple and hidden clothing patents, by and for women, reveals how inventors tackled ongoing socio-political restrictions to women's freedom of movement from the ground up and, often secretly, from the inside out. I suggest these data might be read as acts of resistance, enabling wearers to move and inhabit spaces in new ways, engage in a wider range of activities and make claims to equal public participation and mobility rights. These lesser-known clothing inventions invite us below the surface of conventional sporting histories, expand ideas around the creative possibilities of sport and activewear, and spark imaginaries of what other kinds of inclusive and inventive athletic identities might be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the time he retired in 1982 as executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) until 2019, the baseball establishment blacklisted Marvin Miller from the Baseball Hall of Fame. This article recounts how Miller, one of the most influential figures in baseball history, was excluded for so many years by the corporate‐backed plutocracy that runs the sport. The Hall of Fame's board of directors stacked the committees responsible for voting on candidates with owners and executives who despised Miller and the players union. It also reveals how and why he was eventually inducted in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clark Family has played a significant role in American history, with George Rogers Clark and William Clark being iconic figures. George Rogers Clark's military victories during the American Revolution were crucial in the United States' acquisition of the Northwest Territory, while William Clark was part of the Lewis and Clark expedition that explored the Louisiana Purchase and strengthened the US claim to the Oregon Country. William's grandson, Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., founded Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby, which have become iconic in American sports history. The text discusses the family's interest in horses and horse racing, specifically focusing on Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr. and the development of Churchill Downs. It also mentions the family's involvement in the Confederate army during the Civil War and provides additional information about the history and contributions of various individuals to the development of the venue. [Extracted from the article]

In 2009, elite swimming introduced polyurethane "supersuits," which artificially enhanced performances and facilitated 43 world records at the World Championships, before being prohibited from 2010. This transient, artificial improvement spike created a natural experiment to examine the effect of "impossible" targets on subsequent performances. Analyses revealed that swimming speeds at global championships in the postsupersuit period (2011-2017) were substantially faster than predicted from the presupersuit period (2000-2007). These results suggest that the transient, artificially enhanced performances of the supersuit era recalibrated targets upward-acting as goals-and improved subsequent performances beyond previous trajectories (d = 0.64; 0.70%). Contributing to psychological goal-setting theory, the positive relationship between the size of the transient, artificial improvement (i.e., goal difficulty) and subsequent performance was curvilinear, increasing at a decreasing rate before improvements plateaued. Overall, the research demonstrates the potential for elite athletes to exceed perceived human limits after expectations have been recalibrated upward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the history of integrated college basketball in the United States, with a focus on the Virginia Union Panthers. The Panthers, known as the "Dream Team," broke the color barrier in college basketball in the 1930s and 1940s. The article also discusses the 1992 U.S. Men's Olympic Basketball Team, known as the "Dream Team," and its impact on race relations. It argues that the original Dream Team was actually the Virginia Union Panthers, who symbolized the defeat of white supremacy through athletic achievement. The article highlights the challenges faced by historically black college sports, such as lack of resources and issues like open graft and unruliness. However, the CIAA and its member schools worked towards improving the respectability of black college athletics. The article emphasizes the success and impact of the Virginia Union University basketball team, known as the "Dream Team," in breaking down racial barriers and inspiring future generations. It also discusses the achievements and challenges faced by the 1942 Virginia Union Panthers basketball team, highlighting the importance of fair and clean athletics in black college sports. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive look at the history of integrated college basketball and the contributions of the Virginia Union Panthers. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport & Tourism Central European Journal / Sport i Turystyka Srodkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe is the property of Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined parental decision-making factors regarding their child's participation in tackle (TF) versus non-tackle (NTF) youth football leagues (YFLs, n = 91). The study also aimed to determine if these variables differed between parents who allowed their child to participate in TF and those who only allowed their child to participate in NTF. This study was of cross-sectional survey design and included items on parent demographics, child demographics, and factors influencing parent decision-making, divided into two groups: health- and league-related factors. The survey was piloted, housed, and created in a web-based platform. YFL parents rated decision-making factors on a 6-point scale. Descriptive statistics were run for all demographic variables, and non-parametric test were utilized to compare responses between groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare TF versus NTF, parent sex, parent concussion history, and child's concussion history. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare parent sport history. Female parents (n = 61) rated injury risk and concussion risk higher than male parents (n = 30). Parents who did not play a sport (n = 14) rated CTE higher than parents who played football (n = 13), another sport (n = 46), or football plus another sport (n = 18). The NTF parents (n = 10) rated injury risk, concussion risk, and CTE risk higher than TF (n = 81), while TF parents rated coach's level of training, league success, and league safety higher than NTF. This study provides insights into parents' decision-making processes and may help YFL programs tailor their approach to address these concerns and provide a safer environment for children participating in YFL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Revel Johnson was a pioneering Australian sports journalist in the mid-19th century who also conducted a professional career as a surgeon. This article aims to examine Johnson's achievements in Australian sports reporting as an emerging genre before it was taken seriously by the mainstream press. It also examines his place in a watershed libel case that cast him as a scapegoat and resulted in an unduly harsh two-year jail sentence. The article situates Johnson as part of a pre-Federation commercial media that attempted to establish a distinctly "Australian" voice, championing the underdog and working to undermine imported societal hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between Jackie Robinson and Paul Robeson, two influential African American activists. It challenges the belief that Robinson condemned Robeson for his communist beliefs, providing historical context and dispelling misconceptions. The article emphasizes the accomplishments and challenges faced by both men, with Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball and participating in the civil rights movement, while Robeson gained international fame and became radicalized through experiences with racism and anti-imperialist movements. It also explores the impact of the Red Scare on Robeson's reputation and the backlash he faced for his political views. The article concludes with Robinson's testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee, where he carefully balanced the pressure to denounce Robeson while expressing loyalty to Black Americans. The article also discusses the contrasting responses of Robinson and Robeson to the HUAC hearings in 1949, with Robinson criticizing racial discrimination and defending Robeson's right to hold personal views, while Robeson held a press conference to respond to the backlash and criticized HUAC for insulting both him and Robinson. The article highlights the different treatment and legacies of the two men, with Robinson being celebrated as an American hero and Robeson facing severe consequences for his political beliefs. [Extracted from the article]

"Passion Plays: How Religion Shaped Sports in North America" by Randall Balmer explores the connection between sports and religion in North America. Balmer argues that while sports are not a religion, they generate a similar level of passion and devotion. He examines the origins of four major team sports in North America - baseball, football, hockey, and basketball - and shows how they reflected social, political, and religious changes. Balmer also discusses the cultural connections between sports and religion, but his claim that sports have displaced traditional expressions of religion among white males is not adequately supported. [Extracted from the article]

The article examines Aaron Harper's book, "Sports Realism: A Law-Inspired Theory of Sport," which applies legal realism to the study of sports. Harper argues that understanding sports requires considering the interpretations and applications of rules by officials, similar to how judges interpret and apply laws. However, the article raises concerns about the analogy between law and sports and the limitations of legal realism in analyzing sports. It explores the differences between law and sports as activities and social institutions, highlighting the difficulty in importing a theory from one to the other. The article concludes by acknowledging the thought-provoking nature of the book, despite its shortcomings. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Educatio Artis Gymnasticae is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It was with great interest that I read the recent special issue of Sport in History (42.4) which reflected on the past, present and future of the British Society of Sports History (BSSH). I congratulate BSSH on its many successes in helping catalyse and galvanise significant developments in sports history whilst also embracing changing social values and attitudes in wider society. It is wonderful to read just how far the field of sports history has moved forward this past 40 years with many new initiatives, personalities and engagements with the wider public. However, some aspects of the society's history as portrayed in that special issue require clarification since, as all readers of the journal will appreciate, one of the most valuable lessons from history is that it is only through better understanding of our past that we better understand our present, and it is for this reason that I thought it worth writing to help provide some additional context. I intend to offer this clarification here by elaborating on several themes: the genesis, formation, aims and activities of the society; support of and engagement with its membership; BSSH activities to engage the wider public, and BSSH's changing profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 5 January 1967, the small ski resort of Berchtesgaden in Germany made skiing history. The men's slalom on that day was the first race on the newly created World Cup circuit. While media coverage is booming with the democratisation of television, which the newspaper L'Equipe wants to develop its activities, the international ski scene is undergoing a profound revolution that will have consequences on the very structure of the governing body of world skiing, the International Ski Federation (FIS). If the beginnings of the World Cup were briefly explained by Montérémal, it's interesting to analyse the repercussions and the dynamics that are taking place within the FIS before and after this event. Based on a rich corpus of archives from the FIS, the IOC and the sports daily L'Equipe, this research reveals the dynamics that led to the creation of the Alpine Skiing World Cup, questions the way in which the FIS governing bodies managed the arrival of a private player, L'Equipe, on the international ski scene, and notes the consequences of the creation of the Skiing World Cup on the development and finances of the FIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apartheid South Africa remains an important theme in sport history. The study of South African football has produced a handful of monographs and several research articles. In this body of literature, relatively few studies acknowledge the migratory flows of South African footballers to various levels of British football. Often omitted altogether in these studies is the acknowledgment of the hundreds of British players, coaches, and referees who visited South Africa after the introduction of apartheid in 1948. Many of these football migrants moved to the country for employment opportunities and played the game on a recreational and professional basis. Significant numbers also migrated because of the football opportunities offered in the segregated game. Some of these migrants were involved in the burgeoning black and non-racial game in the country too. From the mid-1950s through to the 1980s, hundreds of British football migrants made South Africa their home for varying lengths of time. In many cases, despite the broader socio-political context, this was too good of a financial opportunity to turn down. To appreciate the complexities of apartheid football, cognizance of the British contribution to upholding, challenging, and overcoming the status quo in South African football is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue, entitled The development of women's football: under what conditions? focuses on the political, sociological and cultural issues surrounding women's access to football. The articles that make up the book examine the conditions for the feminisation of a universal sport, from its genesis to the current effects of its institutionalisation and (inter)national recognition. Based on the first three articles, the background shows that the process, which began in the last century, is a complex one, especially if it is analysed through the prism of different spaces, timescales and backgrounds: the history of women's football, in itself, is far from uniform. In the light of this heritage, the detailed analysis of national contexts proposed in the last three articles provides a contextualised and nuanced interpretation of the differentiated development of women's football and its consequences for the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volleyball is an anaerobic team sport that involves various complex movements and requires adequate body position sense. Therefore, volleyball players' most important physical characteristics are balance, agility, endurance, reaction speed, explosive strength, and quick strength. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between core strength and functional performance of lower extremities in male and female volleyball players. A total of 19 (11 female, eight male) volleyball players aged 16-20 years (11 female, eight male) who were students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Ya, sar Dogu Faculty of Sports Sciences participated in the study voluntarily. The inclusion criteria were determined as athletes with at least three years of active sports history and regular training. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index measurements were taken at the first visit. Then, shuttle test, plank test, push-up, single hop for distance (SH), triple hop for distance (TH), crossover triple hop for distance (CH), medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH), and medial rotation (90°) with hop for distance (MRH) and Y Balance Test were performed with randomized practice cards. When the push-up, sit-up, and plank tests were compared between men and women, a significant difference was found in the shuttle parameter (p>0.05). When the athletes' Single Leg Hop test parameters were evaluated, there was no significant difference, only in SH between the sides in men. At the same time, there was no significant difference only in medial rotation (90°) with hop in women (p>0.05). While there was a significant difference in triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH) and medial rotation (90°) with hop between the parties in men, a statistically significant difference was found in single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance parameters in women (p<0.05). When single-leg hop Tests LSIs were compared between male and female groups, no statistically significant difference was found in all parameters (p>0.05). When the findings of our study were examined, it was determined that although there was a significant difference in Single Leg Hop test parameters between dominant and non-dominant sides in the groups, the LSI values seen in male and female groups were between normal values, and there was no limb asymmetry. However, there was no difference between genders in LSIs, and similar results were found for men and women. In the core strength tests, while similar results were seen between genders in push-up and plank parameters, the significant difference in the shuttle test revealed that men had better core strength than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le nautisme français déchiré entre normes britanniques et références états-uniennes incite à s'interroger pour savoir si d'autres nations régatières connaissent des processus identiques. L'étude du yachting au Canada semble de ce point de vue intéressante. Nous essaierons de comprendre comment les pratiques nautiques se sont construites au Canada. Quels rapports les navigateurs Canadiens-français entretiennent-ils avec leurs homologues anglophones ? Quelles sont leurs modèles pour édicter des règles de course ou construire des voiliers : les normes britanniques, françaises ou celles des États-Unis proches ? Un système propre au Canada s'est-il développé ? Nous chercherons surtout à montrer les enjeux sous-jacents à l'activité vélique. L'hypothèse que l'on peut formuler est celle d'une pratique qui a su combiner les questions politiques, territoriales, ethniques du Canada et forger son identité sur des bases plurielles combinant les codes défendus par les francophones, les normes portées par les anglophones et des innovations venues des États-Unis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reviews the book "Landscapes for Sport: Histories of Physical Exercise, Sport, and Health" edited by Sonja Dümpelmann, which emerged from a 2019 symposium on the relationship between landscape, sport, and environment. The book features 15 chapters by various contributors, exploring topics such as early modern sports, theoretical considerations of landscape and sport, and the development of sports venues in different countries. The volume is recommended for academics in social science, design, and sports studies, offering a diverse range of insights on the intersection of sports and landscapes throughout history. [Extracted from the article]

"Baseball and Cultural Heritage" is a book edited by Gregory Ramshaw and Sean Gammon that explores the impact of baseball's history on the present and its use in contemporary society. The book features 13 essays and 18 contributors, focusing on themes such as people, places, and promotion in relation to baseball. It examines the sport's heritage in the United States and abroad, discussing topics such as spectator experiences, the role of women in baseball, the significance of ballparks, and the influence of baseball in different countries. The book highlights the importance of baseball heritage in shaping identities and maintaining relevance in a changing society. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics on sports medicine in China. The success of the Olympics has led to an increase in the number of people participating in winter sports across the country. This expansion of winter sports can contribute to the overall health and fitness of the population and support efforts to achieve national health goals. The article also highlights the importance of strengthening the national health system and promoting the sports medicine industry in China. It emphasizes the need for precision treatment and management of winter sports injuries and the importance of international exchanges and innovation in sports medicine. Overall, the article suggests that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics have provided valuable insights and opportunities for the development of sports medicine in China. [Extracted from the article]

İstanbul; üç büyük imparatorluğa başkentlik yapan şehir. Genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ne başkentlik yapamasada, Cumhuriyete sayısız ilkler kazandırmıştır. Cumhuriyet dönemine yön veren pek çok alanda olduğu gibi spor kurumunun ve politikasının temelleri I. Meşrutiyet döneminde atılır, II.Meşrutiyet ile birlikte hız kazanır ve Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde vücut bulmaya kadar uzanır. Osmanlıda savaş eğitiminin bir parçası olarak görülen ve bugünkü spor dallarının kökenlerini oluşturan faaliyetler, modernleşme süreci içinde herkesin sağlık ve bedensel disiplin adına yapması gereken spor faaliyetlerine dönüşür. Cumhuriyetin kurucusu, Ulu önder Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ise Türkiye Cumhuriyet’ini kurmak için sadece cephelerde savaşmadı. Toplumun sosyal, kültürel ve sportif açıdan kalkınması için hayata geçirdiği önemli projeleriyle, Türk sporuna ve Türk halkına şüphesiz en büyük katkıyı sağladı. Özellikle ulus-devletin kuruluşuyla beraber, spor vatandaşların katılımı için ulusal bir alan olarak yeniden düzenlenir. İstanbul bu hedeflerin başlangıç noktası olması nedeniyle Türk spor tarihine damga vurmuş bir şehirdir. Yabancı antrenör, spor kampları, yurt dışında yapılan müsabakalar sporda modernleşmede ilk adımlar olmuştur. İlk kurulan kulüpler, dernekler ve onların vasıtasıyla tanışılan spor branşları sonrasında resmi olarak olimpiyat oyunlarına ilk katılım bu dönemin önemli gelişimleridir. Çalışmada nitel yöntem benimsenmiş olup lüteratür incelemesi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100.Yılında, II.Meşrutiyet’ten Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemine spor yönetimi kavramı üzerinden İstanbul’un önemi amaçlanmaktadır.