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The design of a compact high-speed and wide field of view (FOV) receiver is challenging due to the presence of two well-known trade-offs. The first one is the area-bandwidth trade-off of photodetectors (PDs) and the second one is the gain-FOV trade-off due to the use of optics. The combined effects of these two trade-offs imply that the achievable data rate of an imaging optical receiver is limited by its FOV, i.e., a rate-FOV trade-off. To control the area-bandwidth trade-off, an array of small PDs can be used instead of a single PD. Moreover, in practice, a large-area lens is required to ensure sufficient power collection, which in turn limits the receiver FOV (i.e., gain-FOV trade-off). We propose an imaging receiver design in the form of an array of arrays. To achieve a reasonable receiver FOV, we use individual focusing lens for each PD array rather than a single collection lens for the whole receiver. The proposed array of arrays structure provides an effective method to control both gain-FOV trade-off (via an array of lenses) and area-bandwidth trade-off (via arrays of PDs). We first derive a tractable analytical model for the SNR of an array of PDs where the maximum ratio combining has been employed. Then, we extend the model for the proposed array of arrays structure and the accuracy of the analytical model is verified based on several Optic Studio-based simulations. Next, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the achievable data rate of the imaging receiver subject to a minimum required FOV. The optimization problem is solved for two commonly used modulation techniques, namely, OOK and direct current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with variable rate quadrature amplitude modulation. It is demonstrated that a data rate of ~ 24 Gbps with a FOV of 15 is achievable using OOK with a total receiver size of 2 cm by 2 cm., Comment: 30 pages, 15 Figures and 6 Tables

Stagonospora leaf and glume blotch, caused by Parastagonospora nodorum, is a major disease of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the United States capable of significantly reducing grain yield and quality. Pathogens such as P. nodorum that overwinter in crop residue are often an increased concern in cropping systems that utilize no-till farming. In addition, the lack of wheat cultivars with complete resistance to P. nodorum has led to the reliance on foliar fungicides for disease management. Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee group 11) are one of the major classes used to manage foliar diseases in wheat. Use of the QoI class of fungicides tends to select isolates of fungal pathogens with resistance due to mutations in the fungal cytochrome b gene. Isolates of P. nodorum were collected from Illinois in 2014 and Kentucky in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Amplification and sequencing of a segment of the cytochrome b gene from these isolates revealed a mutation at codon 143 that confers a change from glycine to alanine in the amino acid sequence (known as the G143A mutation). In vitro plate assays and greenhouse trials were used to confirm and characterize the QoI resistance caused by the G143A mutation. The frequency of the tested isolates with the G143A mutation was 46% (57 of 123 isolates) and 5% (3 of 60 isolates) for Kentucky and Illinois, respectively. This research is the first to identify the G143A mutation in P. nodorum isolates with resistance to QoI fungicides in Illinois and Kentucky.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum in the United States, is the most important disease of wheat in Kentucky and the surrounding region. In addition to reduced grain yields, grain quality also can be affected due to reduced test weights and contamination of harvested grain by associated mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Although application of a foliar fungicide during the beginning anthesis growth stage is one of the primary practices used to manage FHB and DON, a major limiting factor in achieving greater efficacy has been fungicide coverage of wheat heads. This research evaluated different nozzle configurations and ground sprayer speeds for their effect on coverage of simulated wheat heads and management of FHB and DON in field trials conducted in 2017 to 2019 at the University of Kentucky Research and Education Center in Princeton, KY. Based on the results from this research, only minor differences in simulated wheat head coverage were observed across nozzle configurations and sprayer speeds. Depending on the nozzle configuration being used, applicators may need to adjust their sprayer speed to achieve maximum control of FHB.

Use of photocatalytic systems to identify immune synapse protein microenvironments reveal flavin as an ideal photocatalyst for profiling within these confined cellular regions.

OBJECTIVES Despite poor healthcare transition outcomes among young adults with pediatric rheumatic diseases, adoption of transition best practices is low. We sought to understand how structured transition processes were operationalized within pediatric rheumatology practices and what factors were perceived to enable adaptations during a global pandemic. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods study of team leaders' experiences during an interim analysis of a pilot project to implement transition policy discussions at sites in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative. We combined quantitative assessments of organizational readiness for change (9 sites) and semi-structured interviews of team leaders (8 sites) using determinants in the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment Framework. RESULTS Engagement of nursing and institutional improvement efforts facilitated decisions to implement transition policies. Workflows incorporating educational processes by non-physicians were perceived to be critical for success. When the pandemic disrupted contact with non-physicians, capacity for automation using electronic medical record (EMR)-based tools was an important facilitator, but few sites could access these tools. Sites without EMR-based tools did not progress despite reporting high organizational readiness to implement change at the clinic level. Lastly, educational processes were often superseded by acute issues, such that youth with greater medical/psychosocial complexity may not receive the intervention. CONCLUSIONS We generated several considerations to guide implementation of transition processes within pediatric rheumatology from the perspectives of team leaders. Careful assessment of institutional and nursing support is advisable before conducting complex transition interventions. Ideally, new strategies would ensure interventions reach youth with high complexity.

A novel localization method is proposed and demonstrated which exploits the phase profile combined with the location of the moving robot to locate target tags using only a single straight-line interrogator antenna trajectory. A system that integrates a mobile robot with an integrated RFID reader and antenna is used to obtain phase measurements of target tags when the robot is moving along its trajectory. The cross-range location of the target is obtained from the stationary point of the fitted phase curve. The down range distance is estimated by finding the integer number of wavelengths which fits the cross-range location and curve shape. The proposed method could reduce the localization error to around 12 cm which is similar to the SAR method using a straight-line trajectory, but with much lower computational complexity.

To project glacier melt in response to anthropogenic climate change, output from coarsely resolved global climate models needs to be downscaled to the local scale of glaciers. Due to the high computational cost of dynamical downscaling, statistical downscaling has been more commonly used in glacier studies despite yielding results with large uncertainties. Here we investigate the use of global reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis), with and without dynamical downscaling, for surface energy balance (SEB) modeling at four glaciers in Western Canada. We focus on the sites with available on-glacier meteorological measurements collected over different summer seasons from 2012 to 2019. We dynamically downscale ERA5 with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 3.3 km and 1.1 km grid spacing. We find that the SEB model, forced separately with observations and reanalysis, yields

Description of BT-984 synthesis and LC-MS/MS sample preparation

Pharmacokinetic analysis of PEN-221 and DM1 in non-tumor bearing mice

Supplementary Figures S1 - S7, Table S1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of SSTR2 Expression in 44 Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Samples

Supplementary Figure S1 shows the pharmacokinetic profiles of T-2143 and T-2122

Supplementary figure 4 shows suppression of the PI3K pathway post a single dose of T-2143 in the LS174T xenograft model.

Supplementary figure 2 shows blood glucose levels in mice who have been dosed with a single dose of T-2143 over a 24 hour period.

detailed and complete T-2143 synthesis route

Supplementary Figure 3 shows the body weights from all efficacy studies discussed in the article.

Supplementary Materials - PDF files 113K, Materials and Methods

Purpose: The growth and survival of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)–deficient cells are enhanced by the activation of multiple signaling pathways including ErbBs/IGF-1R/Met, PI3K/Akt, and Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk1/2. The chaperone protein HSP90 is essential for the stabilization of these signaling molecules. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of HSP90 inhibition in various NF2-deficient models.Experimental Design: We tested efficacy of the small-molecule NXD30001, which has been shown to be a potent HSP90 inhibitor. The antiproliferative activity of NXD30001 was tested in NF2-deficient cell lines and in human primary schwannoma and meningioma cultures in vitro. The antitumor efficacy of HSP90 inhibition in vivo was verified in two allograft models and in one NF2 transgenic model. The underlying molecular alteration was further characterized by a global transcriptome approach.Results: NXD30001 induced degradation of client proteins in and suppressed proliferation of NF2-deficient cells. Differential expression analysis identified subsets of genes implicated in cell proliferation, cell survival, vascularization, and Schwann cell differentiation whose expression was altered by NXD30001 treatment. The results showed that NXD30001 in NF2-deficient schwannoma suppressed multiple pathways necessary for tumorigenesis.Conclusions: HSP90 inhibition showing significant antitumor activity against NF2-related tumor cells in vitro and in vivo represents a promising option for novel NF2 therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3856–70. ©2013 AACR.

Supplementary Figure Legends - PDF files 65K, Figure Legends

Supplementary Figure 1 - PDF files 5795K, Induction of apoptosis by NXD30001 in NF2-deficient cells

Supplementary Table 2 - XLS file 40K, qPCR validation of transcriptome

Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF files 4552K, Global transcriptome profiling of NXD30001 efficacy