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Experiments were carried out on 61 male and female Wistar rats. Following 21-day intraperitoneal administration of molybdenum (Na2MoO4 X 2H2O), significant differences in the level of blood serum ceruloplasmin were noted in female rats depending upon the applied dose of molybdenum. In analogous groups of male rats no statistically significant differences were observed, which might indicate that the effect of molybdenum upon enzymatic ceruloplasmin activity is sex-related. The rats on an increased dietary level of 14 ppm molybdenum, of 10.8 ppm copper content and 507 ppm inorganic sulphur, showed decreased blood serum ceruloplasmin activity irrespective of their sex.

These studies were carried out on male Wistar rats. Erythrocyte and bone marrow activity of glutathione reductase (GR - E.C. 1.6.4.2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD - E.C. 1.1.1.49) were determined as affected by mercury. Under physiological conditions the above enzymes were found to be markedly more active in the bone marrow than in erythrocytes. The present experiments have revealed that within the first days there will be an increase in enzyme activity in the bone marrow as well as in glutathione reductase in erythrocytes. Simultaneously, a decline in the activity of erythrocytes could be observed which began within the very first days of the experiments as well as a decrease in the bone marrow, which occurred later in the course of the experiment.

Using a culture of bone marrow stromal cells, resistance of two inbred mice strains, KP and CBA, to cadmium chloride was assessed. Mice were administered with a single dose of CdCl2 (12 mumoles (kg b. wt) and bone marrow cells were examined after 7 days of culture. In KP strain, a decrease in the number of fibroblasts and proliferation of adipocytes was observed, as compared with control animals. In CBA strain, cadmium did not influence the number of fibroblasts and caused only an insignificant increase in the amount of adipocytes. Red blood cell count, hematocrit and Fe2+ level were unchanged both strains after cadmium administration. The observed differences in populations of cultured stromal cells confirmed the sensitivity of the KP mice to cadmium and indicated that the stromal cells can be regarded as useful indicator of cadmium intoxication.

The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental. The hematocrit value and reticulocyte count were determined in blood samples collected from control and experimental rats. The experimental rats received subcutaneous injections of phenylhydrazine manufactured by Sigma for the duration of 3 days. On the 5th day blood samples were collected from all the control and experimental animals and determinations of hematocrit and reticulocyte count were repeated. cAMP levels were determined in bone marrow extracts by means of a radiocompetitive method. The cGMP level was determined by a radioimmunological assay. A significant elevation of cAMP level was detected in experimental rats, whereas the cGMP level changed only slightly.

Male and female rats of Wistar strain have been injected with 0.2% HgCl2, 203HgCl2, PbNO3 and 2% APHZ, in the volume of 0.5 ml saline for 4 days. Subbands of G-6-PD enzyme from erythrocytes and bone marrow cells, were separated by disc polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Four subbands of the enzyme resulted electrophoretic separation. In erythrocytes increase of activity of fraction I. and decrease of fraction II were observed, while in bone marrow opposite reaction was visible. In both tissue following administration of Hg and Pb, fractions III and IV disappeared. In the place of disappeared bands increased radioactivity of 203Hg was detected.

Lymphocytes were stained with vital stain acridine orange. The number of lysosomes per lymphocyte was calculated using "score" test. It should be emphasized that the present paper has proved the reliability of the fluorescence microscopy method of identification of lysosomes in the lymphocytes from peripheral blood, employed for studing the toxic effect of metals.

Pressure was measured in the femoral medullary cavity of rabbits whose femoral muscles were subjected to electrostimulation. After electrostimulation the pressure in the medullary cavity increased fivefold. In groups of experimental animals the number of reticulocytes leaving the bone marrow and the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood were determined and it was observed that electrostimulation was followed by a severalfold rise in the amount of reticulocytes in both the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. The authors found that a great role in the egress of reticulocytes from the bone marrow into the circulation is played by regulation of the pressure in medullary cavity effected by changes in blood flow through the bone marrow.

The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats. The animals were divided into five groups: Group 1: control group; Group 2: the animals received a single intrarenal dose of nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) in saline; Group 3: the animals receiving a single intrarenal dose of saline; Group 4: the animals receiving a single intrarenal dose of Ag2S in saline; Group 5: the animals receiving a single intrarenal dose of activated charcoal in saline. Prior to the procedure peripheral blood indices were determined. The experiments included animals manifesting polycythemia. Samples of blood and bone marrow were collected and the activities of AchE, GR and G6PD were determined. An increase in the activity of the three studied enzymes was detected in Groups no. 2 and 5.

The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats, where the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE-E.C. 3.1.1.7) was determined in red cells and bone marrow under the influence of organic and anorganic mercury compounds. A marked decline in the activity of the enzyme could be noted, along with a more pronounced effect of the organic mercury compound on AchE.

The study has been carried out on Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: the control rats received 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally in there consecutive days. The experimental animals were administered 1% solution of acetylphenylhydrazine (APHZ) intraperitoneally also in three days. Prior to the experiments samples of blood have been collected from tail veins and reticulocyte counts made: the counts had also been determined before the culture of tissue was started. On the fifth day of the primary culture, the morphology and enzymatic activity of the stromal cells of the bone marrow were studied. The cells grown in vitro were cultured by the use of the Eagle's medium enriched with 20% calf serum and L-glutamate. The type of the cells, their number and rate of growth were noted. In the cells the activity of specific esterase as well as acid and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Statistically significant differences between the control and experimental animals were found both in the numbers of stromal cells and in the differences in score values of activity of particular enzymes in various types of cells.