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56. Sensitivity of Latent Heat Flux from PILPS Land-Surface Schemes to Perturbations of Surface Air Temperature

Author

Qu, Weiqing, primary, Henderson-Sellers, A., additional, Pitman, A. J., additional, Chen, T. H., additional, Abramopoulos, F., additional, Boone, A., additional, Chang, S., additional, Chen, F., additional, Dai, Y., additional, Dickinson, R. E., additional, Dümenil, L., additional, Ek, M., additional, Gedney, N., additional, Gusev, Y. M., additional, Kim, J., additional, Koster, R., additional, Kowalczyk, E. A., additional, Lean, J., additional, Lettenmaier, D., additional, Liang, X., additional, Mahfouf, J.-F., additional, Mengelkamp, H.-T., additional, Mitchell, K., additional, Nasonova, O. N., additional, Noilhan, J., additional, Robock, A., additional, Rosenzweig, C., additional, Schaake, J., additional, Schlosser, C. A., additional, Schulz, J.-P., additional, Shmakin, A. B., additional, Verseghy, D. L., additional, Wetzel, P., additional, Wood, E. F., additional, Yang, Z.-L., additional, and Zeng, Q., additional

Published
1998
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62. LOW-FREQUENCY PULSE DIELECTRIC SPECTROMETER

Author

Odivanov V. and Gusev Y.

Abstract

Apparatus is described for study of dispersion of the dielectric constants of low-conducting dielectrics in the time range of 5. 10** minus **7-3. 10**2 sec. The charge response of a measuring capacitor to a voltage discontinuity is recorded in a logarithmic time scale.

Published
1986

65. The project for intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red-arkansas river basin experiment 3. Spatial and temporal analysis of water fluxes (vol 19, pg 161, 1998)

Author

Lohmann, D., Lettenmaier, D. P., Liang, X., Wood, E. F., Boone, A., Chang, S., Chen, F., Dai, Y. J., Desborough, C., Dickinson, R. E., Duan, Q. Y., Ek, M., Gusev, Y. M., Habets, F., Irannejad, P., Koster, R., Mitchell, K. E., Nasonova, O. N., Noilhan, J., Schaake, J., Schlosser, A., Shao, Y. P., Shmakin, A. B., Verseghy, D., Warrach, K., Wetzel, P., Xue, Y. K., Zong-Liang Yang, and Zeng, Q. C.

69. Simulations of a boreal grassland hydrology at Valdai, Russia: PILPS phase 2(d)

Author

Schlosser, C. A., Slater, A. G., Robock, A., Pitman, A. J., Vinnikov, K. Ya, Henderson-Sellers, A., Speranskaya, N. A., Mitchell, K., Boone, A., Braden, H., Chen, F., Cox, P., Patricia de Rosnay, Desborough, C. E., Dickenson, R. E., Dai, Y. -J, Duan, Q., Entin, J., Etchevers, P., Gedney, N., Gusev, Y. M., Habets, F., Kim, J., Koren, V., Kowalczyk, E., Nasonova, O. N., Noilhan, J., Schaake, J., Shmakin, A. B., Smirnova, T. G., Verseghy, D., Wetzel, P., Xue, Y., and Yang, Z. -L

Subjects
Applied Mathematics, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

The Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) aims to improve understanding and modeling of land surface processes. PILPS phase 2(d) uses a set of meteorological and hydrological data spanning 18 yr (1966-83) from a grassland catchment at the Valdai water-balance research site in Russia. A suite of stand-alone simulations is performed by 21 land surface schemes (LSSs) to explore the LSSs' sensitivity to downward longwave radiative forcing, timescales of simulated hydrologic variability, and biases resulting from single-year simulations that use recursive spinup. These simulations are the first in PILPS to investigate the performance of LSSs at a site with a well-defined seasonal snow cover and frozen soil. Considerable model scatter for the control simulations exists. However, nearly all the LSS scatter in simulated root-zone soil moisture is contained within the spatial variability observed inside the catchment. In addition, all models show a considerable sensitivity to longwave forcing for the simulation of the snowpack, which during the spring melt affects runoff, meltwater infiltration, and subsequent evapotranspiration. A greater sensitivity of the ablation, compared to the accumulation, of the winter snowpaek to the choice of snow parameterization is found. Sensitivity simulations starting at prescribed conditions with no spinup demonstrate that the treatment of frozen soil (moisture) processes can affect the long-term variability of the models. The single-year recursive runs show large biases, compared to the corresponding year of the control run, that can persist through the entire year and underscore the importance of performing multiyear simulations.

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72. Molecular structure and properties of κ-carrageenan-gelatin gels

Author

Derkach S., Voron'ko N., Kuchina Y., Kolotova D., Gordeeva A., Faizullin D., Gusev Y., Zuev Y., Makshakova O., Derkach S., Voron'ko N., Kuchina Y., Kolotova D., Gordeeva A., Faizullin D., Gusev Y., Zuev Y., and Makshakova O.

Abstract

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Rheological studies, FTIR spectroscopy and a molecular docking approach were used to explore the structural basis of the peculiar physicochemical properties of gelatin gels modified with a κ-carrageenan admixture. Mixed gel properties are affected by the polysaccharide-to-gelatin ratio, Z, and can be divided into two categories. At low ratios, the strength of mixed gels varies insignificantly compared to gelatin due to the similar structures of the gels. Above the threshold content of κ-carrageenan (Z > 0.1), the storage modulus and yield stress of mixed gels are significantly enhanced. The nonadditivity and threshold character of the rheological properties could be the result of conformational ordering of both gelatin and κ-carrageenan, leading to the formation of additional junction zones in the gel network. According to molecular docking studies, the junctions could be formed as a result of complementary interactions between the gelatin triple helix and the κ-carrageenan double helix. The stack formation increases the interaction energy, which explains the strengthening of the gel network.

73. The variety of states of adsorbed water in heterogeneous materials and their dielectric response

Author

Feldman Y., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Greenbaum A., Segev Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Feldman Y., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Greenbaum A., Segev Y., Vasilyeva M., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

Whenever water interacts with another dipolar or charged entity, there exists a broadening of its dielectric relaxation peak. Often this broadening can be described by the phenomenological Cole-Cole (CC) spectral function. A new approach has been recently presented (A. Puzenko, P. Ben Ishai, and Y. Feldman, Phys. Rev. Letters 105, 037601-4 (2010)), which is based on the fractal nature of the time set of the interaction of the relaxing water dipoles with their encompassing matrix. It demonstrates a fundamental connection between the relaxation time, τ, the broadening parameter, α, and the Kirkwood-Froehlich correlation function B. The parameters B, τ and α were chosen as the coordinates of the new 3D space, wherein the evolution of the relaxation process, as a result of the variation of external macroscopic parameters (temperature, pressure etc.), will depict a trajectory. This trajectory is a result of the connection between the kinetic and the structural properties of water in the complex system. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.

74. The variety of states of adsorbed water in heterogeneous materials and their dielectric response

Author

Feldman Y., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Greenbaum A., Segev Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Feldman Y., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Greenbaum A., Segev Y., Vasilyeva M., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

Whenever water interacts with another dipolar or charged entity, there exists a broadening of its dielectric relaxation peak. Often this broadening can be described by the phenomenological Cole-Cole (CC) spectral function. A new approach has been recently presented (A. Puzenko, P. Ben Ishai, and Y. Feldman, Phys. Rev. Letters 105, 037601-4 (2010)), which is based on the fractal nature of the time set of the interaction of the relaxing water dipoles with their encompassing matrix. It demonstrates a fundamental connection between the relaxation time, τ, the broadening parameter, α, and the Kirkwood-Froehlich correlation function B. The parameters B, τ and α were chosen as the coordinates of the new 3D space, wherein the evolution of the relaxation process, as a result of the variation of external macroscopic parameters (temperature, pressure etc.), will depict a trajectory. This trajectory is a result of the connection between the kinetic and the structural properties of water in the complex system. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.

75. Dielectric relaxation of water in clay minerals

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Feldman Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

The study of confined water dynamics in clay minerals is a very important topic in aluminosilicate-surface chemistry. Aluminosilicates are among the most technologically versatile materials in industry today. Dielectric spectroscopy is a very useful method for investigating the structure and dynamics of water adsorbed on solid matrix surfaces and water in the vicinity of ions in solutions. Use of this method for the study of clay minerals has been underutilized to date, however. The main goal of the present research was to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control this interaction. Two types of natural layered aluminosilicates (clay minerals) montmorillonite with exchangeable K+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations were examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy over wide ranges of temperature (from -121°C to +300°C) and frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). An analysis of the experimental data is provided in terms of four distributed relaxation processes. The low-temperature relaxation was observed only in montmorillonites and could be subdivided into two processes, each related to a specific hydration center. The cooperative behavior of water at the interface was observed in the intermediate temperature region, together with a proton percolation. The dielectric properties of ice-like and confined water structures in the layered clay minerals were compared with the dielectric response observed in porous glasses. The spatial fractal dimensions of the porous aluminosilicates were calculated by two separate methods - from an analysis of the fractality found in photomicrographs and from the dielectric response.

76. CMS : the TriDAS Project Technical Design Report; v.1, the Trigger Systems

Author

L. Bayatyan, G., Grigorian, N., G. Khachatrian, V., T. Margarian, A., M. Sirunyan, A., Adam, W., Brügger, M., Erö, J., Fierro, M., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, A., Krammer, M., Pernicka, M., Porth, P., Rohringer, H., Rurua, L., Taurok, A., Walzel, G., Wedenig, R., E. Wulz, C., G. Baryshevsky, V., Fedorov, A., L. Gorodishenin, N., V. Korzhik, M., V. Missevitch, O., Panov, V., Zuyeuski, R., B. Zalessky, V., Ermalitsky, F., Kuchinskii, P., M. Lomako, V., Petrov, V., Prosolovich, V., Devroede, O., Goorens, R., Lemonne, J., Tavernier, S., Udo, F., W. K. Van, Doninck, L. Van, Lancker, Bertrand, D., G. De, Lentdecker, Stefanescu, J., Velde C. Van, Der, Vanlaer, P., Favart, D., Govaerts, J., Grégoire, G., Lemaître, V., Ninane, A., Piotrzkowski, K., Aa O. Van, Der, Boulogne, I., Daubie, E., Herquet, P., Beaumont, W., Beckers, T., E. De, Langhe, Moortgat, F., Verbeure, F., Zhukov, V., Abadjiev, K., Anguelov, T., H. Atanasov, I., Damgov, J., Dimitrov, L., Genchev, V., Georgiev, G., Iaydjiev, P., Kounov, B., Penchev, L., Raykov, P., G. Sultanov, G., Vankov, I., Vankov, P., Darmenov, N., Gritskov, A., Jordanov, A., B. Litov, L., Mateev, M., Petev, P., Spassov, V., Tchijov, M., Tsenov, R., V. Velev, G., G. Bian, J., Chen, C., M. Chen, G., N. Guo, Y., T. He, J., H. Jiang, C., N. Jin, B., J. Ke, Z., Li, J., G. Li, W., Nan Li, Xiao, F. Qiu, J., W. Shen, B., Y. Shen, X., Y. Sheng, H., Y. Wang, Y., Sheng Xu, Rong, Yang, M., Yun Zhang, Bing, W. Zhang, J., Q. Zhang, S., Ren Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Z., Ping Zheng, Jian, Y. Zhu, G., S. Zhu, Y., Ban, Y., Cai, J., Erh Chen, Jia, Tao Liu, Hong, Qiu Liu, Song, Qiao Lou, Bin, J. Qian, S., Lin Ye, Yan, An, Q., Bian, Z., Chen, H., F. Gong, Z., Li, Chuan, S. Shri, C., Z. Sun, L., L. Wang, X., M. Wang, Z., Wu, J., Wei Ye, Shu, P. Zhang, Z., Deng, Q., J. Li, P., Z. Shen, D., L. Xue, Z., B. Yuan, H., H. Chang, Y., E. Chen, A., Go, A., Lin, W., Chang, P., W. S. Hou, G., Ueno, K., Godinovic, N., Milin, M., Puljak, I., Soric, I., Stipcevic, M., Tudoric-Ghemo, J., Antunovic, Z., Dzelalija, M., Marasovic, K., Hasan, A., A. Razis, P., Vorvolakos, A., Hall, A., Lippmaa, E., Lippmaa, J., Raidal, M., Subbi, J., A. Aarnio, Pertti, Banzuzi, K., M. Heikkinen, A., V. Heinonen, J., Honkanen, A., Karimäki, Veikko, M. Katajisto, H., Kinnunen, Ritva, M. Lassila-Perini, K., Lefébure, V., Pietarinen, E., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Ungaro, D., P. Vanhala, T., Williams, C., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Äystö, Juha, Julin, R., V. Ruuskanen, P., Kallijarvi, S., Keränen, A., Palmu, L., Remes, K., Suhonen, E., Tuuva, T., Niittylahti, J., Vainio, O., Baek, Y.W., Boget, D., Ditta, J., Drobychev, G., Guillaud, J.P., Maire, M., Mendiburu, J.P., Nédélec, P., Peigneux, J.P., Schneegans, M., Sillou, D., Anfreville, M., Bonamy, P., Bouchand, C., Chipaux, R., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., X. Gentit, F., Givernaud, A., Kircher, F., Lemoigne, Y., Locci, E., P. Lottin, J., C. Nguyen, M., P. Pansart, J., Payn, A., Rander, J., M. Reymond, J., Rondeaux, F., Rosowsky, A., Roth, P., Verrecchia, P., Badier, J., Bercher, M., Bourotte, J., Busson, P., Chamont, D., Charlot, C., Dobrzynski, L., Gilly, J., Haguenauer, M., Karar, A., B. Kim, G., Kluberg, L., Lecouturier, D., Matricon, P., Milleret, G., Miné, P., Morano, R., Paganini, P., Poilleux, P., Romanteau, T., Albert, A., Berst, J.D., Blaes, R., Brom, J.M., Charles, F., Coffin, J., Didierjean, F., Drouhin, F., Ernenwein, J.P., Fontaine, J.C., Geist, W., Goerlach, U., Helleboid, J.M., Huss, D., Illinger, C., Juillot, P., Lounis, A., Maazouzi, C., Moreau, S., Riahi, Y., Ripp-Baudot, I., Todorov, T., Vintache, D., Zghiche, A., Ageron, M., Bedjidian, M., Chabanat, E., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Depasse, P., Drapier, O., Dupanloup, M., El-Mamouni, H., Fay, J., M. Gascon-Shotkin, S., Giraud, N., Girerd, C., Goyot, M., Haroutunian, R., Ille, B., Lebrun, P., Lethuillier, M., P. Martin, J., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., S. Muanza, G., Perriès, S., Sahuc, P., Smadja, G., Tissot, S., P. Walder, J., Zach, F., S. Amaglobeli, N., S. Bagaturia, Yu, Glonti, L., G. Kartvelishvili, V., A. Kvatadze, R., A. Mzhavia, D., M. Sakhelashvili, T., G. Shanidze, R., B. Tsamalaidze, Z., Djaoshvili, N., Iashvili, I., I. Kharchilava, A., N. Roinishvili, N., N. Roinishvili, V., Berger, C., Braunschweig, W., Breibach, J., H. Gu, W., Heister, A., Karpinski, W., Kirn, T., König, S., Kukulies, C., Ya Ostapchuk, A., Pandoulas, D., Pierschel, G., Raupach, F., Schael, S., Schmitz, D., Dratzig A. Schultz, Von, Siedling, R., Wallraff, W., Wittmer, B., Banicz, K., Bechstein, S., Böhm, A., Bosseler, K., Faissner, H., S. Fesefeldt, H., Hermann, S., Ivannikov, A., Rein, D., Reithler, H., Szczesny, H., Tonutti, M., Wegner, M., Axer, M., Beissel, F., Commichau, V., Flügge, G., Hangarter, K., Macke, D., Mnich, J., Nowak, A., Petertill, M., Schmitz, P., Schulte, R., Sonnenschein, L., Zander, A., W. Grünewald, M., Hebbeker, T., Höpfner, K., Rosca, A., Bartsch, V., P. Blüm, H., W. De, Boer, Dierlamm, A., Dirkes, G., Drollinger, V., Erdmann, M., Feindt, M., Grigoriev, E., Hartmann, F., Hauler, F., Heiss, A., Müller, T., Roederer, F., J. Simonis, H., Skiba, A., Theel, A., H. Thümmel, W., Weiler, T.J., Weseler, S., K. Resvanis, L., Adzic, P., Barone, M., Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I., K. Fanourakis, G., Geralis, T., Harissopoulos, S., Kokkinias, P., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Markou, A., Markou, C., Mastroyiannopoulos, N., Mousa, J., Siotis, I., Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M., Staveris-Polykalas, A., G. Tsirigotis, A., Tzamarias, S., Vayaki, A., Zachariadou, K., Zupan, M., Asimidis, A., Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Mitropoulos, O., Prouskas, K., A. Triantis, F., Tzoulis, N., Bagoly, Z., L. Bencze, G., Csilling, Akos, Hajdu, C., Hidas, P., Horváth, D., Ódor, G., Ster, A., Urbàn, L., Vesztergombi, G., Zálán, P., Zsenei, M., Dajkó, G., Fenyvesi, A., Molnár, J., Pálinkás, J., Sohler, D., László Trócsányi, Zoltán, Vamosi, J., Végh, J., Baksay, L., Bondar, T., Juhász, S., Marian, G., Nagy, S., Raics, P., Szabo, J., Szabó, Z., Szegedi, S., Szillási, Z., Sztaricskai, T., Tarjan, P., Zilizi, G., B. Bala, S., Bhatnagar, V., Kaur, M., M. Kohli, J., Singh, J., Borkar, S., Chandratre, V., K. Chaudhury, R., Y. Dixit, M., Ghodgaonkar, M., John, B., K. Kataria, S., K. Mohanty, A., Topkar, A., Aziz, T., Banerjee, S., R. Chendvankar, S., V. Deshpande, P., N. Ganguli, S., Gurtu, A., Katta, S., Maity, M., Mazumdar, K., R. Patil, M., C. Tonwar, S., S. Acharya, B., Bheesette, S., Dugad, S., D. Kalmani, S., R. Krishnaswamy, M., R. Lakkireddi, V., K. Mondal, N., Panyam, N., Vemuri, N., Verma, P., I. Bhardwaj, A., K. Shivpuri, R., K. Verma, V., Abbrescia, M., Colaleo, A., Creanza, D., M. De, Palma, Fiore, L., Iaselli, G., Loddo, F., Maggi, G., Marangelli, B., Menegotto, M., My, S., Natali, S., Nuzzo, S., Pugliese, G., Radicci, V., Ranieri, A., Romano, F., Ruggieri, F., Selvaggi, G., Silvestris, L., Tempesta, P., Zito, G., Benvenuti, A.C., Capiluppi, P., R. Cavallo, F., Cuffiani, M., D'Antone, I., M. Dallavalle, G., Fabbri, F.L., Fanfani, A., Giacomelli, G., Giacomelli, P., Grandi, C., Guerzoni, M., Marcellini, S., Mazzanti, P., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Navarria, F.L., Odorici, F., Perrotta, A., Rossi, A., Rovelli, T., P. Siroli, G., Travaglini, R., Albergo, S., Bellini, V., Castorina, P., Cavalieri, S., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., L. Lo, Monaco, Potenza, R., Russo, V., Tricomi, A., Tuvé, C., Bellucci, L., Biggeri, U., Borchi, E., Bruzzi, M., Buffini, A., Busoni, S., Castellini, G., Civinini, C., D'Alessandro, R., Focardi, E., Landi, G., Lenzi, M., Meschini, M., Minelli, C., Parrini, G., Pieri, M., Pirollo, S., Sciortino, S., Bozzo, M., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Musenich, R., Priano, C., Berti, L., Biasotto, M., Gastaldi, U., Gulmini, M., Maron, G., Toniolo, N., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bellato, M., Benettoni, M., Bisello, D., Candelori, A., Castro, A., Checchia, P., Conti, E., M. De, Giorgi, A. De, Min, Dosselli, U., Fanin, C., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gonella, F., Kaminski, A., Lacaprara, S., Lippi, I., Loreti, M., T. Meneguzzo, A., Michelotto, M., Montecassiano, F., Neviani, A., Paccagnella, A., Paoletti, S., Passaseo, M., Pegoraro, M., Ronchese, P., Stavitski, I., Torassa, E., Ventura, L., Ventura, S., Verlato, M., L. Zotto, P., Zumerle, G., Altieri, S., Belli, G., Bruno, G., Guida, R., Merlo, M., P. Ratti, S., Riccardi, C., Torre, P., Vitulo, P., M. Angarano, M., Babucci, E., Biasini, M., M. Bilei, G., T. Brunetti, M., Ceccotti, F., Checcucci, B., A. Giorgi, M., Lariccia, P., C. Mantovani, G., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Postolache, V., Santinelli, R., Santocchia, A., Scorzoni, A., Servoli, L., Tommasi, G., Angelini, F., Bagliesi, G., Bardi, A., Basti, A., Bellazzini, R., Bernardini, J., Borrello, L., Bosi, F., L. Braccini, P., Brez, A., Carosi, R., Castaldi, R., Chiarelli, G., Ciulli, V., Dell'Orso, M., Dell'Orso, R., Donati, S., Dutta, S., Foà, Lorenzo, Galeotti, S., Giannetti, P., Giassi, A., Giusti, S., Iannaccone, G., Latronico, L., Ligabue, F., Lumb, N., Magazzù, G., Mariani, M., M. Massai, M., Messineo, A., Militaru, O., Moggi, A., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Punzi, G., Raffaelli, F., Ristori, L., Sanguinetti, G., Sciabà, A., Segneri, G., Sguazzoni, G., Spandre, G., Spezziga, M., Spinella, F., N. Starodumov, A., Tenchini, R., Teodorescu, L., Tonelli, G., Venturi, A., G. 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Le, Coultre, Lecomte, P., List, B., Lustermann, W., Nanov, I., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., A. Ofierzynski, R., Patino-Revuelta, A., Pauss, F., Rahal, G., Rico, J., H. Rivetta, C., Röser, U., Rubbia, A., Rykaczewski, H., Schöning, A., Sinanis, N., Suter, H., Udriot, S., Ulbricht, J., Veltchev, I., M. Viertel, Gert, H. P. Von, Gunten, Waldmeier-Wicki, S., Zanet, A., Amsler, C., Kaufmann, R., S. Pruys, H., Regenfus, C., Riedler, P., Robmann, P., Speer, T., Steiner, S., Dumanoglu, I., Eskut, E., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kuzucu-Polatoz, A., Onengüt, G., Ozdes-Koca, N., M. Guler, A., Serin-Zeyrek, M., Sever, R., Tolun, P., D. Yildiz, H., T. Zeyrek, M., Gülmez, E., Unalan, R., Borisenko, A., Grinev, B., Lebedev, V., Lyubynskiy, V., Senchyshyn, V., Vasilchuk, V., G. Levchuk, L., Nemashkalo, A., Popov, V., Sorokin, P., Duplij, S., A. Kluban, N., I. Zalyubovskij, I., S. Bailey, D., J. Brooke, J., G. Cussans, D., D. Head, R., P. Heath, G., F. Heath, H., K. Mackay, C., Newbold, D., D. Presland, A., G. Probert, M., J. Smith, V., J. Tapper, R., Baker, N., Barry, A., Chevenier, G., Estrella, F., Mathers, G., McClatchey, R., A. Baird, S., A. Barlow, R., Bateman, E., W. Bell, K., M. Brown, R., J. A. Cockerill, D., A. Coughlan, J., Denton, L., S. Flower, P., B. Francis, V., French, M., Greenhalgh, J., Halsall, R., J. Haynes, W., R. Jacob, F., W. Jeffreys, P., Jones, L., W. Kennedy, B., L. Lintern, A., B. Lodge, A., Maddox, J., Martin, S., R. Morrissey, Q., Murray, P., D. Rabbetts, P., A. Shah, A., Smith, B., Spagnolo, S., Sproston, M., Stephenson, R., Thayaparan, P., R. Tomalin, I., Torbet, M., Williams, J., Apollonio, M., J. Barber, G., Beuselinck, R., Britton, D., Cameron, W., Corrin, E., Davies, G., Foudas, C., R. Fulcher, J., Hall, G., Hays, J., Iles, G., C. Macevoy, B., Marinelli, N., M. Mcleod, E., Noah, M.E., M. Raymond, D., J. Savage, P., Seez, C., Toudup, L., Walsham, P., Broadhead, R., Camanzi, B., R. Hobson, P., C. Imrie, D., K. Mckemey, A., Sharif, O., J. Watts, S., Breedon, R., T. Cox, P., F. Gunion, J., Hershman, S., Holbrook, B., Ko, W., Lander, R., E. Pellett, D., Smith, J., M. Tripathi, M., Vogt, R., Bhattacharya, S., G. Branson, J., Fisk, I., P. Fryckman, J., MacFarlane, D., Mojaver, M., P. Paar, H., Raven, G., Sharma, V., White, A., Arisaka, K., Attal, A., Chase, F., Cline, D., D. Cousins, R., Erhan, S., Hauser, J., Lindgren, M., Matthey, C., Otwinowski, S., Pishchalnikov, Yu, Schlein, P.E., Shi, Y., Tannenbaum, B., Mey M. Von, Der, G. Wang, H., J. Bunn, J., Denis, G., Gálvez, P., Gataullin, M., Hafeez, M., Hickey, T., Holtman, K., Legrand, I., Litvine, V., B. Newman, H., Samar, A., Shevchenko, S., P. Wilkinson, R., Xia, L., Y. Zhu, R., Clare, R., Crotty, I., W. Gary, J., G. Layter, J., Rick, H., C. Shen, B., Sytnik, V., Zer-Zion, D., P. Beetz, C., Cirino, G., Podrasky, V., Sanzeni, C., Winn, D., Acosta, D., Avery, P., I. Dolinski, S., D. Field, R., Gorn, L., Klimenko, S., Konigsberg, J., V. Korytov, A., Madorsky, A., V. Mitselmakher, G., Nomerotski, A., Ramond, P., Scurlock, B., M. Wang, S., Yelton, J., W. Baer, H., Bertoldi, M., Goldman, H., L. Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., F. Johnson, K., B. Prosper, H., Thomaston, J., Wahl, H., Apollinari, G., Atac, M., Aziz, S., Barsotti, E., A. T. Bauerdick, L., E. Baumbaugh, A., Baur, U., Beretvas, A., Binkley, M., Bowden, M., N. Butler, J., S. Chester, N., N. Churkin, I., Cihangir, S., Crisler, M., S. Denisov, D., Diesburg, M., P. Eartly, D., E. Elias, J., Fehér, S., L. Flaugher, B., Freeman, J., Gaines, I., Glass, H., A. Glenzinski, D., Goldstein, J., Green, D., Hanlon, J., Hansen, S., M. Harris, R., R. Incandela, J., Joshi, U., Kwan, S., J. Lamm, M., Lammel, S., Lazic, D., Lee, R., Lipton, R., Litmaath, M., V. Los, S., Lukens, P., Maeshima, K., M. Marraffino, J., Mishra, S., V. Mokhov, N., Moore, C., Muzaffar, S., O'Dell, V., Patrick, J., Pordes, R., Raja, R., A. Rapidis, P., Reichanadter, M., Ronzhin, A., I. Rykalin, V., Shaw, T., Shea, M., Skup, E., P. Smith, R., Spiegel, L., Stuart, D., Suzuki, I., M. Tkaczyk, S., S. Tschirhart, R., Vidal, R., Wands, R., Wenzel, H., Whitmore, J., J. Womersley, W., Min Wu, Wei, Yagil, A., A. Yarba, V., R. Adams, M., E. Gerber, C., Papageorgiou, K., Solomon, J., Gobbi, B., Malik, S., Tilden, R., Baumbaugh, B., M. Bishop, J., M. Cason, N., Hildreth, M., J. Karmgard, D., C. Ruchti, R., Warchol, J., Wayne, M., E. Barnes, Virgil, Bolla, G., Bortoletto, Daniela, T. Bujak, A., F. Garfinkel, A., J. Gutay, L., Kopal, M., T. Laasanen, A., A. Medved, S., Pal, I., Rott, C., Roy, A., Sedov, A., W. Anderson, E., Chakir, H., M. Hauptman, J., Krane, J., Akgun, U., S. Ayan, A., Cooper, A., Fountain, M., Mccliment, E., P. Merlo, J., J. Miller, M., M. Önel, Y., Schmidt, I., A. Barnett, B., Y. Chien, C., Sung Cho, Hyo, Liang, G., Swartz, M., Xie, X., Abdullin, S., Arcelli, S., Baden, D., L. Bard, R., Eno, S., Fong, D., Grassi, T., J. Hadley, N., G. Kellogg, R., Kunori, S., Sharma, A., Skuja, A., Carey, R., S. Hazen, E., T. Kearns, E., Machado, E., Miller, J., Osborne, D., L. Roberts, B., Rohlf, J., Sulak, L.R., D. Sullivan, J., Wu, S., Alverson, G., C. Fenker, H., A. Gaponenko, I., H. Moromisato, J., V. Musienko, Yu, Nicol, S., Paul, T., Reucroft, S., D. Swain, J., Taylor, L., E. Von, Goeler, Yasuda, T., Bauer, G., Friedman, J., Paus, C., Pavlon, S., Rosenson, L., Sumorok, S., Tether, S., Tseng, J., B. Cushman, P., H. Heering, A., J. Kronkvist, I., W. Rusack, R., V. Singovsky, A., Vikas, P., Bhatt, K., Booke, M., M. Cremaldi, L., A. Kroeger, R., Reidy, J., Sanders, D., Summers, D., B. Campbell, W., R. Claes, D., Lundstedt, C., R. Snow, G., Bartz, E., Conway, J., Devlin, T., Doroshenko, J., F. Jacques, P., S. Kalelkar, M., W. Koeth, T., Lath, A., P. Perera, L., Schnetzer, S., V. Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thomson, G., L. Watts, T., M. Bussat, J., Denes, P., Gupta, V., Mans, J., Marlow, D., A. Piroué, P., P. Stickland, D., Tully, C., Wildish, T., R. Blusk, S., Bodek, A., Budd, H., P. De, Barbaro, Dyshkant, A., Ginther, G., Kruse, M., Ruggiero, D., Sakumoto, W., Slattery, P., Tipton, P., Bylsma, B., S. Durkin, L., Gilmore, J., Gu, J., Herman, D., Kim, C., Larsen, D., Y. Ling, T., J. Rush, C., Sehgal, V., Ferguson, T., Russ, J., K. Terentyev, N., Vogel, H., Vorobev, I., Adams, N., Corcoran, M., Eppley, G., Lamas-Valverde, J., Matveev, M., Miettinen, H., Nussbaum, T., Padley, P., D. Platner, E., Roberts, J., Yepes, P., Akchurin, N., Cranshaw, J., Nagaslaev, V., Papadimitriou, V., F. Sill, A., Wigmans, R., C. Chaney, R., J. Fenyves, Ervin, D. Hammack, H., R. O'Malley, M., J. Suson, D., Meyer, H., Mo, L., A. Nunamaker, T., Carlsmith, D., Chumney, P., Dasu, S., Feyzi, F., Jaworski, M., Lackey, J., Loveless, R., Lusin, S., Reeder, D., H. Smith, W., Avezov, A., Belov, M., T. Bisenov, N., A. Gafarov, A., Gasanov, E., Ibragimova, E., N. Koblik, Yu, Rakhmatov, N., Rustamov, I., Shukrullo, I., R. Urkinbaev, A., and S. Yuldashev, B.

77. Study of Electret State in Epoxyamine Polymers by Dielectric Spectroscopy

Author

Galikhanov M., Mochalova E., Gabdrakhmanov I., Galikhanov E., Lounev I., Gusev Y., Galikhanov M., Mochalova E., Gabdrakhmanov I., Galikhanov E., Lounev I., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

© 2019, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. Electret and dielectric properties of polymer materials based on epoxy oligomer and polyamine amide were studied by dielectric spectroscopy. The orientation of the macromolecules polar groups in the electret state was shown to be fixed by a three-dimensional network, these groups acting as the charge. The electret state of the polymer matrix is a free state of epoxyamine macromolecules. Increased values of the thermoelectret hardness and tensile strength in comparison with those of non-polarized materials of the same composition proved the orientation of epoxy polymer segments.

78. Study of polylactic acid electret by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Galikhanov E., Lounev I., Guzhova A., Gusev Y., Galikhanov M., Vasilyeva M., Galikhanov E., Lounev I., Guzhova A., Gusev Y., Galikhanov M., and Vasilyeva M.

Abstract

© 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.Correlation between the electret and dielectric properties of the PLA samples charged at different conditions was studied. Electret state of polylactic acid characterized by macromolecule segmental orientation is reflected on dielectric spectra that were used to calculate relaxation energy.

79. Study of electret state in polylactic acid with nanosized filler by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Guzhova A., Lounev I., Galikhanov M., Gusev Y., Vasilyeva M., Galikhanov E., Guzhova A., Lounev I., Galikhanov M., Gusev Y., Vasilyeva M., and Galikhanov E.

Abstract

© 2016 Author(s).Dielectric spectroscopy method was implemented to study electret state in both polylactic acid and its composites with nano-sized aerosil. Two components of the activation energy for the dielectric relaxation process, related to glass transition and segmental mobility of the macromolecules, were obtained. The lifetime and thermal stability of the electret state increased due to the addition of the filler. The optimal SiO2 content for negative corona electrets was found to be 4 wt. %.

80. Dielectric spectroscopy of amino alcohols at low temperatures

Author

Solonina I., Vasilyeva M., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., Lounev I., Rodnikova M., Feldman Y., Solonina I., Vasilyeva M., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., Lounev I., Rodnikova M., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

© 2016 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The dielectric properties of three vicinal amino alcohols are studied at temperatures in the range of -140-70°C and the frequency interval of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. The temperature dependences of the observed relaxation processes indicate both glass transition and melting processes. The relatively high conductivity of the samples was considered from the viewpoint of proton conductivity through a network of hydrogen bonds of amino alcohol molecules.

81. Differences in behaviour of adsorbed water in kaolinites and montmorillonites in temperature range from -90°C to +140°C by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., and Shtyrlin V.

Abstract

Two different types of natural layer aluminosilicates (clay minerals), montmorillonite with the exchangeable K+ and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with the exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations, were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy. The different effects of water adsorption in montmorillonites and kaolinites on the dielectric response were observed in wide temperature (-90°C ÷ +140°C) and frequency (1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz) ranges. The influence of the nature of the hydration centers on adsorbed water dynamics and influence of ions nature on the activation energy values of the relaxation processes were discussed.

82. Two types of adsorbed water in natural montmorillonites at low temperatures by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., and Shtyrlin V.

Abstract

Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to natural clay mineral - montmorillonite with the exchangeable K+ and Ni2+ cations where the effect of water adsorption in the samples on the dielectric response was examined in the temperature from -115°C to -75°C and frequency from 1 Hz to 1 MHz ranges. Two relaxation processes (1 and 2) were revealed. The process 1 was related to the adsorbed ordered water structures formed on the interior surface of interlayer channels while the relaxation process 2 was attributed to the disordered water structures built between two surface water monolayers.

83. The percolation phenomenon and fractal dimension of natural silicates

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Osin Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., and Osin Y.

Abstract

© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. Many physical effects, such as dc conductivity and percolation, depend on the morphology of the silicate structure and its relationship to adsorbed water. These effects play an important role in numerous technological applications, in geology, oil-extracting industry, and other practical fields. In this study, all the samples: natural montmorillonite, kaolinite, and ?linoptilolite with different exchangeable cations in their structures, - were stored in ambient air humidity. The investigation was carried by using two separate techniques, namely Dielectric Spectroscopy and a fractal analysis of electron micrographs. The aims of this work were to analyze the complex relaxation behavior of the relaxation process in temperature range -70°C ÷ 70°C and to determine the fractal dimensions of silicates from the dielectric response at percolation. Dielectric measurements in the frequency range of 1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz were performed using a BDS 80 Dielectric Spectrometer based on an Alpha Impedance Analyzer (Novocontrol). The micrographs were analyzed using a special Matlab based program. The analysis of aspects of the dielectric relaxation spectra related to percolation was used for the determination of the numerical characteristics of geometric heterogeneity of natural silicates. The percolation temperatures of the studied samples were determined. The percolation phenomenon in the silicates is related to the transfer of the electric excitation within the developed network of open pores due to the migration of protons and ions along the surface of connected pores on the outer surfaces of the granules. The analysis of these processes allows one to extract the fractal dimensions associated with the migration of charge carriers within the porous medium. Fractal dimensions of the silicates calculated in two ways: from dielectric spectroscopy study and from fractal analysis of the micrographs, - are in good agreement with each other. It was

84. Dielectric relaxation of water in clay minerals

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Feldman Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

The study of confined water dynamics in clay minerals is a very important topic in aluminosilicate-surface chemistry. Aluminosilicates are among the most technologically versatile materials in industry today. Dielectric spectroscopy is a very useful method for investigating the structure and dynamics of water adsorbed on solid matrix surfaces and water in the vicinity of ions in solutions. Use of this method for the study of clay minerals has been underutilized to date, however. The main goal of the present research was to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control this interaction. Two types of natural layered aluminosilicates (clay minerals) montmorillonite with exchangeable K+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations were examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy over wide ranges of temperature (from -121°C to +300°C) and frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). An analysis of the experimental data is provided in terms of four distributed relaxation processes. The low-temperature relaxation was observed only in montmorillonites and could be subdivided into two processes, each related to a specific hydration center. The cooperative behavior of water at the interface was observed in the intermediate temperature region, together with a proton percolation. The dielectric properties of ice-like and confined water structures in the layered clay minerals were compared with the dielectric response observed in porous glasses. The spatial fractal dimensions of the porous aluminosilicates were calculated by two separate methods - from an analysis of the fractality found in photomicrographs and from the dielectric response.

85. Water structure analysis considering dielectric spectrum in microwave range

Author

Arkhipov V., Gusev Y., Lounev I., Arkhipov V., Gusev Y., and Lounev I.

Abstract

In this paper the analysis of the water dielectric spectrum in the relaxation (1 cm) and microwave (100 mu) range on the basis of the theoretical results presented in Ref. was made. The absorption spectrum in the microwave range as well as the relaxation spectrum are shown to be the results of the orientational polarization. In the framework of the existing water structure models this result corresponds to the models in which one assume two types of the molecules for the fixed time moment. They are the molecules having a hydrogen bonds and ones free from them. Free molecules either can be located in the voids or can make the exchange between the clasters. In the analysis suggested we do not use the definite water structure model. The dielectric spectrum parameters allow us estimate the value of the abnormal water expansion within the freezing process. Our results agree well with the experimental data.

86. The effect of clay morphology on water relaxation

Author

Lunev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manyurov I., Lunev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., and Manyurov I.

Abstract

The frequency dependence of the permittivity of water in calcium kaolinite (clay) is measured. It is shown that two mechanisms contribute to dipole relaxation of water. One refers to water in the free volume of pores in the clay. The other is associated with bound water covering the porous surface. Experimental data are treated in terms of a fractal model of the medium. The frequency dependence of the permittivity in a wide range of water content in the clay is accounted for theoretically. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".

87. Photostimulated phenomena in relaxors

Author

Mamin R., Migachev S., Sadykov M., Lunev I., Izotov V., Gusev Y., Mamin R., Migachev S., Sadykov M., Lunev I., Izotov V., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

The action of illumination on the conducting and dielectric properties of lead magnoniobate was investigated. The photostimulated currents were examined and the spectral dependence of photoconductivity in the region of diffuse phase transition was obtained. It was found that the illumination affects the dielectric properties and that its action is memorized at temperatures below room temperature. The role of defect states in the formation of relaxor properties is discussed on the basis of the obtained data. © 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".

88. Analysis of dielectric relaxation data in water-saturated sands and clays

Author

Lounev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manurov I., Kaumov S., Muslimov R., Lounev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manurov I., Kaumov S., and Muslimov R.

Abstract

The measurements of the imaginary part of the complex susceptibility in water-saturated sands and clays have been conducted. To explain the experimental data obtained the fractal model of medium has been used [Laboratory Humidity Ovens (Non-injection Type), BS (1964) 3718; Fleches du temps et geometric fractale, Paris Hermes, 1998]. In the range of humidity not exceeding 12%, the main contribution to the dipole relaxation is provided has bound water [A Wetting Ability Clays and Clay Minerals, Kiev, 1961, p. 292], that is reflected in the power-law exponent behavior. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

89. LOW-FREQUENCY PULSE DIELECTRIC SPECTROMETER.

Author

Odivanov V., Gusev Y., Odivanov V., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

Apparatus is described for study of dispersion of the dielectric constants of low-conducting dielectrics in the time range of 5. 10** minus **7-3. 10**2 sec. The charge response of a measuring capacitor to a voltage discontinuity is recorded in a logarithmic time scale.

90. Electrochemical Sensors for Vanadium Determination

Author

Gogol E., Denisov E., Lunev I., Egorova O., Sharipova L., Gusev Y., Gogol E., Denisov E., Lunev I., Egorova O., Sharipova L., and Gusev Y.

Abstract

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This paper is dedicated to the problem of vanadium (V) determination by the means of voltammetry. The comparison of results obtained for two types of sensor: volume glassy-carbon electrode and screen printed carbon electrode are presented. The experimental data is recorded using the hardware and software of Novocontrol (Germany): electrochemical interface POT/GAL 15V 10A, frequency response analyzer Alpha-A, and software for data collection and data processing WinDETA. Two three-electrode cells has been studied: for the first one the bulk glassy carbon electrode, and for the second one the screen printed electrodes has been used as the working electrode. In the first case the reference electrode has been made from silver chloride and the counter electrode from steel wire. In case of the screen printed electrodes, the electrodes were placed on the same plate. The peak of vanadium (V) was obtained under the potential of 1.3 V. It was found that the growth of the vanadium concentration increases magnitude of the cathode current measured then the mentioned potential is applied. The screen printed carbon electrodes provides better sensitivity in comparison with the volume glassy-carbon electrodes due to the more explicit vanadium potential peak.

91. The low-temperature dynamic crossover in the dielectric relaxation of ice Ih

Author

Popov I., Lunev I., Khamzin A., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., Feldman Y., Popov I., Lunev I., Khamzin A., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

© 2017 the Owner Societies. Based on the idea of defect migration as the principal mechanism in the dielectric relaxation of ice I h , the concept of low-temperature dynamic crossover was proposed. It is known that at high temperatures, the diffusion of Bjerrum and ionic defects is high and their movement may be considered to be independent. Simple switching between these two mechanisms leads to a dynamic crossover at ∼235 K. By introducing coupling between the Bjerrum and ionic defects, it is possible to describe the smooth bend in the relaxation time at low temperatures in ice I h . However, because the mobility of Bjerrum orientation defects slows down at low temperatures, they may create blockages for proton hopping. The trapping of ionic defects by L-D defects for a long period of time leads to an increase in the relaxation time and causes a low-temperature crossover. This model was validated by experimental dielectric measurements using various temperature protocols.

92. The low-temperature dynamic crossover in the dielectric relaxation of ice Ih

Author

Popov I., Lunev I., Khamzin A., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., Feldman Y., Popov I., Lunev I., Khamzin A., Greenbaum A., Gusev Y., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

© 2017 the Owner Societies. Based on the idea of defect migration as the principal mechanism in the dielectric relaxation of ice I h , the concept of low-temperature dynamic crossover was proposed. It is known that at high temperatures, the diffusion of Bjerrum and ionic defects is high and their movement may be considered to be independent. Simple switching between these two mechanisms leads to a dynamic crossover at ∼235 K. By introducing coupling between the Bjerrum and ionic defects, it is possible to describe the smooth bend in the relaxation time at low temperatures in ice I h . However, because the mobility of Bjerrum orientation defects slows down at low temperatures, they may create blockages for proton hopping. The trapping of ionic defects by L-D defects for a long period of time leads to an increase in the relaxation time and causes a low-temperature crossover. This model was validated by experimental dielectric measurements using various temperature protocols.

93. Study of polylactic acid electret by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Galikhanov E., Lounev I., Guzhova A., Gusev Y., Galikhanov M., Vasilyeva M., Galikhanov E., Lounev I., Guzhova A., Gusev Y., Galikhanov M., and Vasilyeva M.

Abstract

© 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.Correlation between the electret and dielectric properties of the PLA samples charged at different conditions was studied. Electret state of polylactic acid characterized by macromolecule segmental orientation is reflected on dielectric spectra that were used to calculate relaxation energy.

94. Study of electret state in polylactic acid with nanosized filler by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Guzhova A., Lounev I., Galikhanov M., Gusev Y., Vasilyeva M., Galikhanov E., Guzhova A., Lounev I., Galikhanov M., Gusev Y., Vasilyeva M., and Galikhanov E.

Abstract

© 2016 Author(s).Dielectric spectroscopy method was implemented to study electret state in both polylactic acid and its composites with nano-sized aerosil. Two components of the activation energy for the dielectric relaxation process, related to glass transition and segmental mobility of the macromolecules, were obtained. The lifetime and thermal stability of the electret state increased due to the addition of the filler. The optimal SiO2 content for negative corona electrets was found to be 4 wt. %.

95. Analysis of dielectric relaxation data in water-saturated sands and clays

Author

Lounev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manurov I., Kaumov S., Muslimov R., Lounev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manurov I., Kaumov S., and Muslimov R.

Abstract

The measurements of the imaginary part of the complex susceptibility in water-saturated sands and clays have been conducted. To explain the experimental data obtained the fractal model of medium has been used [Laboratory Humidity Ovens (Non-injection Type), BS (1964) 3718; Fleches du temps et geometric fractale, Paris Hermes, 1998]. In the range of humidity not exceeding 12%, the main contribution to the dipole relaxation is provided has bound water [A Wetting Ability Clays and Clay Minerals, Kiev, 1961, p. 292], that is reflected in the power-law exponent behavior. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

96. Two types of adsorbed water in natural montmorillonites at low temperatures by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., and Shtyrlin V.

Abstract

Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to natural clay mineral - montmorillonite with the exchangeable K+ and Ni2+ cations where the effect of water adsorption in the samples on the dielectric response was examined in the temperature from -115°C to -75°C and frequency from 1 Hz to 1 MHz ranges. Two relaxation processes (1 and 2) were revealed. The process 1 was related to the adsorbed ordered water structures formed on the interior surface of interlayer channels while the relaxation process 2 was attributed to the disordered water structures built between two surface water monolayers.

97. Differences in behaviour of adsorbed water in kaolinites and montmorillonites in temperature range from -90°C to +140°C by dielectric spectroscopy

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., and Shtyrlin V.

Abstract

Two different types of natural layer aluminosilicates (clay minerals), montmorillonite with the exchangeable K+ and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with the exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations, were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy. The different effects of water adsorption in montmorillonites and kaolinites on the dielectric response were observed in wide temperature (-90°C ÷ +140°C) and frequency (1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz) ranges. The influence of the nature of the hydration centers on adsorbed water dynamics and influence of ions nature on the activation energy values of the relaxation processes were discussed.

98. The effect of clay morphology on water relaxation

Author

Lunev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., Manyurov I., Lunev I., Nigmatullin R., Zavidonov A., Gusev Y., and Manyurov I.

Abstract

The frequency dependence of the permittivity of water in calcium kaolinite (clay) is measured. It is shown that two mechanisms contribute to dipole relaxation of water. One refers to water in the free volume of pores in the clay. The other is associated with bound water covering the porous surface. Experimental data are treated in terms of a fractal model of the medium. The frequency dependence of the permittivity in a wide range of water content in the clay is accounted for theoretically. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".

99. The percolation phenomenon and fractal dimension of natural silicates

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Osin Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., and Osin Y.

Abstract

© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. Many physical effects, such as dc conductivity and percolation, depend on the morphology of the silicate structure and its relationship to adsorbed water. These effects play an important role in numerous technological applications, in geology, oil-extracting industry, and other practical fields. In this study, all the samples: natural montmorillonite, kaolinite, and ?linoptilolite with different exchangeable cations in their structures, - were stored in ambient air humidity. The investigation was carried by using two separate techniques, namely Dielectric Spectroscopy and a fractal analysis of electron micrographs. The aims of this work were to analyze the complex relaxation behavior of the relaxation process in temperature range -70°C ÷ 70°C and to determine the fractal dimensions of silicates from the dielectric response at percolation. Dielectric measurements in the frequency range of 1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz were performed using a BDS 80 Dielectric Spectrometer based on an Alpha Impedance Analyzer (Novocontrol). The micrographs were analyzed using a special Matlab based program. The analysis of aspects of the dielectric relaxation spectra related to percolation was used for the determination of the numerical characteristics of geometric heterogeneity of natural silicates. The percolation temperatures of the studied samples were determined. The percolation phenomenon in the silicates is related to the transfer of the electric excitation within the developed network of open pores due to the migration of protons and ions along the surface of connected pores on the outer surfaces of the granules. The analysis of these processes allows one to extract the fractal dimensions associated with the migration of charge carriers within the porous medium. Fractal dimensions of the silicates calculated in two ways: from dielectric spectroscopy study and from fractal analysis of the micrographs, - are in good agreement with each other. It was

100. Dielectric relaxation of water in clay minerals

Author

Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., Feldman Y., Vasilyeva M., Gusev Y., Shtyrlin V., Greenbaum Gutina A., Puzenko A., Ishai P., and Feldman Y.

Abstract

The study of confined water dynamics in clay minerals is a very important topic in aluminosilicate-surface chemistry. Aluminosilicates are among the most technologically versatile materials in industry today. Dielectric spectroscopy is a very useful method for investigating the structure and dynamics of water adsorbed on solid matrix surfaces and water in the vicinity of ions in solutions. Use of this method for the study of clay minerals has been underutilized to date, however. The main goal of the present research was to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control this interaction. Two types of natural layered aluminosilicates (clay minerals) montmorillonite with exchangeable K+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations were examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy over wide ranges of temperature (from -121°C to +300°C) and frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). An analysis of the experimental data is provided in terms of four distributed relaxation processes. The low-temperature relaxation was observed only in montmorillonites and could be subdivided into two processes, each related to a specific hydration center. The cooperative behavior of water at the interface was observed in the intermediate temperature region, together with a proton percolation. The dielectric properties of ice-like and confined water structures in the layered clay minerals were compared with the dielectric response observed in porous glasses. The spatial fractal dimensions of the porous aluminosilicates were calculated by two separate methods - from an analysis of the fractality found in photomicrographs and from the dielectric response.

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