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In this paper, we study the FCNC decay processes of $B$ and $B_c$ meson, in which one invisible particle is emitted. Both the spin-0 and spin-1 cases are considered. The model-independent effective Lagrangian is introduced to describe the coupling between the light invisible boson and quarks. The constraints of the coupling coefficients are extracted by experimental upper limits of the missing energy in $B$ meson decays. The bounds are used to predict the upper limits of branching fractions of corresponding $B_c$ decays, which are of the order of $10^{-6}$ or $10^{-5}$ when final meson is pseudoscalar or vector, respectively. The maximum branch ratios are achieved when $m_\chi\approx3.5- 4$~GeV, where $m_\chi$ is the mass of the invisible particle., Comment: 17 pages, 27 figures

We propose a scheme to investigate the topological phase transition and the topological state transfer based on the small optomechanical lattice under the realistic parameters regime. We find that the optomechanical lattice can be equivalent to a topologically nontrivial Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model via designing the effective optomechanical coupling. Especially, the optomechanical lattice experiences the phase transition between topologically nontrivial SSH phase and topologically trivial SSH phase by controlling the decay of the cavity field and the optomechanical coupling. We stress that the topological phase transition is mainly induced by the decay of the cavity field, which is counter-intuitive since the dissipation is usually detrimental to the system. Also, we investigate the photonic state transfer between the two cavity fields via the topologically protected edge channel based on the small optomechanical lattice. We find that the quantum state transfer assisted by the topological zero energy mode can be achieved via implying the external lasers with the periodical driving amplitudes into the cavity fields. Our scheme provides the fundamental and the insightful explanations toward the mapping of the photonic topological insulator based on the micro-nano optomechanical quantum optical platform., 11 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Frontiers of Physics

ConsideringZ(3930) andX(4160) as$$\chi _{c2}(2P)$$χc2(2P)and$$\chi _{c2}(3P)$$χc2(3P)states, the semileptonic and nonleptonic of$$B_c$$Bcdecays toZ(3930) andX(4160) are studied by the improved Bethe–Salpeter (B–S) Method. The form factors of decay are calculated through the overlap integrals of the meson wave functions in the whole accessible kinematical range. The influence of relativistic corrections are considered in the exclusive decays. Branching ratios of$$B_c$$Bcweak decays toZ(3930) andX(4160) are predicted. Some of the branching ratios are:$$Br(B_c^+\rightarrow Z(3930)e^+\nu _e)=(3.03^{+0.09}_{-0.16})\times 10^{-4}$$Br(Bc+→Z(3930)e+νe)=(3.03-0.16+0.09)×10-4and$$Br(B_c^+\rightarrow X(4160)e^+\nu _e)=(3.55^{+0.83}_{-0.35})\times 10^{-6}$$Br(Bc+→X(4160)e+νe)=(3.55-0.35+0.83)×10-6. These results may provide useful information to discoverZ(3930) andX(4160) and the necessary information for the phenomenological study of$$B_c$$Bcphysics.

The typical velocity of a heavy quark in a quarkonium is a widely used quantity, in this paper, based on the relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equation method, we calculate the average values ${\overline{|\boldsymbol{q}|^n}}$ and $ \overline{|\boldsymbol{v}|^n}\equiv v^n$ of a heavy quark in a $S$ wave or $P$ wave quarkonium rest frame, where $\boldsymbol{q}$ and $\boldsymbol{v}$ are the three dimensional momentum and velocity, $n=1,2,3,4$. For a charm quark in $J/\psi$, we obtained $v_{J/\psi}=0.46$, $v^2_{J/\psi}=0.26$, $v^3_{J/\psi}=0.18$, and $v^4_{J/\psi}=0.14$, for a bottom quark in $\Upsilon(1S)$, $v_{\Upsilon(1S)}=0.24$, $v^2_{\Upsilon(1S)}=0.072$, $v^3_{\Upsilon(1S)}=0.025$, and $v^4_{\Upsilon(1S)}=0.010$. The values indicate that ${v^n} >{v^{n_1}}\cdot{v^{n_2}}$, where $n_1+n_2=n$, which is correct for all the charmonia and bottomonia. Our results also show the poor convergence if we make the {speed} expansion in charmonium system, but good for bottomonium. Based on the $v^n$ values and the following obtained relations $v^n_{4S} > v^n_{3S}> v^n_{2S}>v^n_{1S}$, $v^n_{4P} > v^n_{3P}> v^n_{2P}>v^n_{1P}$ and $v^n_{mP}>v^n_{mS}$ ($n,m=1,2,3,4$), we conclude that highly excited quarkonia have larger relativistic corrections than those of the corresponding low excited and ground states, and there are large relativistic corrections in charmonium system., Comment: 13 pages, 4 tables

We propose a scheme to achieve the analogous interface-state laser by dint of the interface between the two intermediate-resonator-coupled non-Hermitian resonator chains. We find that, after introducing the couplings between the two resonator chains and the intermediate resonator at the interface, the photons of the system mainly gather into the three resonators near the intermediate resonator. The phenomenon of the photon gathering towards the certain resonators is expected to construct the photon storage and even the laser generator. We reveal that the phenomenon is induced via the joint effect between the isolated intermediate resonator and two kinds of non-Hermitian skin effects. In particular, we investigate the interface-state laser in a topologically trivial non-Hermitian resonator array in detail. We find that the pulsed interface-state laser can be achieved accompanying with the intermittent proliferation of the photons at the intermediate resonator when an arbitrary resonator is excited. Also, we reveal that the pulsed interface-state laser in the topologically trivial non-Hermitian resonator array is immune to the on-site defects in some cases, whose mechanism is mainly induced by the nonreciprocal couplings instead of the protection of topology. Our scheme provides a promising and excellent platform to investigate interface-state laser in the microresonator array.

The flavor-changing neutral current decay processes of the $B$ and $B_c$ mesons with the final states involving spin-$1/2$ particles are investigated. By considering the background of the Standard Model where $\nu\bar\nu$ contributes the missing energy and the experimental upper bounds for the branching fractions, we get the constraints of the coupling constants of the quark-antiquark and the assumed invisible particles $\chi\bar\chi$. The constraints of the coupling constants are then used to study the similar processes of the $B_c$ meson. At some specific region of $m_\chi$, the upper limit of BR($B_c\to D_{(s)}\chi\bar\chi$) is of the order of $10^{-6}$, while for BR($B_c\to D^\ast_{(s)}\chi\bar\chi$), it is $10^{-5}$. The possibility of distinguishing $\chi$ to be a Majorana or Dirac fermion by the differential branching fractions is also discussed., Comment: 21 pages, 35 figures

We propose a scheme to achieve the photonic and the phononic state transfers via the topological protected edge channel based on a one-dimensional small optomechanical lattice. We find that the optomechanical lattice can be mapped into a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model after eliminating the counter rotating wave terms. By dint of the edge channel of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, we show that the quantum state transfer between the photonic left and the right edge states can be achieved with a high fidelity. Especially, our scheme can also achieve another phononic state transfer based on the same channel via controlling the next-nearest-neighboring interactions between the cavity fields; this is different from the previous investigations achieving only one kind of quantum state transfer. Our scheme provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, path to switch two different kinds of quantum state transfers in a controllable way.

A recently observed spectrum of ${P}_{c}$ states exhibits a strong link to ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$ thresholds. In spite of successful molecular interpretations, we still push forward to wonder whether there exist finer structures. Utilizing the effecitve Lagrangians respecting heavy quark symmetry and chiral symmetry, as well as instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equations, we investigate the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$ interactions and three ${P}_{c}$ states. We confirm that ${P}_{c}(4312)$ and ${P}_{c}(4440)$ are good candidates of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}\overline{D}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}{\overline{D}}^{*}$ molecules with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$, respectively. Unlike other molecular calculations, our results indicate the ${P}_{c}(4457)$ signal might be a mixture of spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{c}{\overline{D}}^{*}$ molecules, where the latter one appears to be an excitation of ${P}_{c}(4440)$. Therefore we conclude that, confronting three LHCb ${P}_{c}$ signals, there may exist not three, but four molecular states.

When compared with other laser configurations, stronger terahertz (THz) waves can be generated from gaseous plasmas driven using two-color ω + 2 ω circularly polarized laser fields with the same helicity (CP-S), but consideration of the THz polarization state shows that these waves are linearly polarized. Here, we show that polarization-controlled THz radiation, including circularly polarized radiation, can be generated using CP-S pump fields. Unlike the conventional multi-cycle 800 n m + 400 n m combination, we use longer-wavelength or few-cycle laser pulses to generate nonzero net currents along two orthogonal directions with a ∼ ± π / 2 phase difference between them because of laser field symmetry breaking. When the current distribution’s axis of symmetry is ascertained, the THz polarization direction can be confirmed.

The shaping of the waveform of a two- or three-color driving laser pulse is essential for generating an ultrashort isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) from high-order harmonic generation, which can be implemented in two different ways, i.e., direct coherent synthesizing of electric fields with appropriate parameters (wavelength, intensity, carrier envelope phase, time delay), and superposition of fields undergoing a spectral phase shaping in frequency space view, which additionally results in a chirp and pulse-width broadening. In this work, we perform a comparative study on the IAP generation with these two schemes by virtue of a genetic algorithm, and two very meaningful conclusions are clarified. First, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, the width and strength of IAPs optimized from two schemes are basically the same. More optimization parameters in the second method of laser shaping do not show an advantage in shortening width or enhancing the intensity of the IAP compared with the first one. Second, in each case, one can get the shortest IAP when the carrier envelope phases for each spectral component are not required to be precisely controlled. This study provides useful theoretical guidance for generating a shorter IAP with multicolor gating in the experiment.

We theoretically study the spectral and temporal fine subpeak structures in the below-threshold harmonic (BTH) spectra of the stretched H2 and N2 molecules by solving the one-electron time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in conjunction with the wavelet time-frequency analysis. We identify such fine subpeaks come from the Rabi-flopping between the ground state and the first excited state using the simple two-state model. We also confirm that these subpeak structures in BTH spectra are common for molecules at large internuclear distances if two molecular states are strongly coupled. Furthermore, the spacing between the adjacent subpeaks in BTH spectra can be determined approximately by analyzing the induced dipole moment in the time domain.

The influence of dry unit weight and matric suction on the shear strength and deformation characteristics of unsaturated expansive soil was studied by triaxial tests. Artificial rainfall system and lighting–winding system were, respectively, set up for the unsaturated expansive soil slope centrifuge models to simulate wetting–drying cycles. Three kinds of centrifuge model tests concerning different sequences between centrifuge running and wetting–drying cycles on slope surface and inundation at the slope toe were conducted on the unsaturated expansive soil slope models with two different dry unit weight, water contents and slope ratios. The slope settlement and horizontal displacement, failure mechanism, and cumulated cracks on unsaturated expansive soil slope centrifuge models were investigated and analyzed. It was found that the crack accumulation induced by wetting–drying cycles or softening behavior induced by inundation at the slope toe was crucial to understanding the rainfall-induced progressive failure, which occurred from the slope toe and developed upwards in unsaturated expansive soil slopes. Therefore, cover layer should be built for unsaturated expansive soil slopes from rainfall infiltration into the cracks induced by wetting–drying cycles, and at least enough drainage measures should be taken to reduce water infiltration into the unsaturated soil slope and inundation at the slope toe.

Ethnopharmacology relevance Ginsenoside Rb1, a 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol, is a major active ingredient of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, which as the King of Chinese herbs, has been wildly used for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Previous studies have shown that 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol possesses a novel antidepressant-like effect in the treatment of depression, whereas ginsenoside Rb1 in depression has been rarely reported. Aim of the review The present study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and its relevant mechanisms. Materials and methods The whole experiment was divided into two parts: one part we examined the antidepressant-like effect of ginsenoside Rb1 with open-field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), 5-HTP induced head-twitch and reserpine response in mice, another part we used chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) model to further explore the antidepressant-like effect of ginsenoside Rb1 with caffeine, fluoxetine and p- Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) in rats. Furthermore, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters of NE, 5-HT, DA and their metabolites 5-HIAA, DOPAC, HVA were all measured by ELISA kits after the CUMS protocol. Results Our data indicated that 7 days treatment with ginsenoside Rb1 (4, 8, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased immobility time in the FST and TST in mice, and played important roles in mice which were induced by 5-HTP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and reserpine (4 mg/kg, i.p.). On the basis of CUMS model, 21 days treatment with ginsenoside Rb1 not only had effective interactions with caffeine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and PCPA (100 mg/kg, i.p.), but also significantly up-regulated the 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE and DA levels in CUMS rats’ brain, whereas HVA and DOPAC had no significant difference. Moreover, there was no alteration in spontaneous locomotion in any experimental group. Conclusions These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 exhibits significant antidepressant-like effect in behavioral tests, chronic animal model and drug interactions, its mechanisms mainly mediated by central neurotransmitters of serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems.

In this work, we study the lepton-number-violating processes of $K^\pm$ and $D^\pm$ mesons. Two quasi-degenerate sterile neutrinos are assumed to induce such processes. Different with the case where only one sterile neutrino involves, here, the CP phases of the mixing parameters could give sizable contribution. This, in turn, would affect the absolute values of the mixing parameters determined by the experimental upper limits of the branching fractions. A general function which express the difference of the mixing parameters for two-generation and one-generation is presented. Special cases with specific relations of the parameters are discussed. Besides, we also thoroughly investigate the CP violation effect of such processes. It is shown that generally $\mathcal A_{CP}$ is a function of the sterile neutrino mass., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures

The bosonic system possessing the identical real-space form as a fermionic Kitaev model usually exhibits the trivial topology since bosonic operators conform to the bosonic commutation relation. However, a nontrivial bosonic Kitaev phase can also emerge under some certain conditions. Here we propose a scheme to induce a topologically nontrivial bosonic Kitaev phase based on a frequency-modulated one-dimensional optomechanical array. We find that the bosonic Kitaev model with pure imaginary tunneling amplitudes induced by effective optomechanical coupling can be mapped into a subspace expanded by two Hermitian quadrature operators in which the bosonic system possesses two isolated analogous Majorana modes. The isolated analogous modes imply that the proposed bosonic Kitaev system possesses a topologically nontrivial phase. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of the modulated partial next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hopping on the topology of the system, in which the system exhibits distinct topological behavior under different parameter regimes. In particular, the bosonic Kitaev system experiences completely different phase-transition processes with the change of real partial NNN hopping corresponding to an even and odd number of lattice sites. Our scheme provides a flexible and controllable platform to investigate bosonic Kitaev phases and phase transitions both in theory and experiment.

In this paper, the dilepton electromagnetic decays $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-$$ χcJ(1P)→J/ψe+e- and $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ χcJ(1P)→Jψμ+μ- , where $$\chi _{cJ}$$ χcJ denotes $$\chi _{c0}$$ χc0 , $$\chi _{c1}$$ χc1 and $$\chi _{c2}$$ χc2 , are calculated systematically in the improved Bethe–Salpeter method. The numerical results of decay widths and the invariant mass distributions of the final lepton pairs are given. The comparison is made with the recently measured experimental data of BESIII. It is shown that for the cases including $$e^+e^-$$ e+e- , the gauge invariance is decisive and should be considered carefully. For the processes of $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-$$ χcJ(1P)→J/ψe+e- , the branching fraction are: $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c0}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=1.06^{+0.16}_{-0.18} \times 10^{-4}$$ B[χc0(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=1.06-0.18+0.16×10-4 , $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c1}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=2.88^{+0.50}_{-0.53} \times 10^{-3}$$ B[χc1(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=2.88-0.53+0.50×10-3 , and $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c2}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=1.74^{+0.22}_{-0.21} \times 10^{-3}$$ B[χc2(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=1.74-0.21+0.22×10-3 . The calculated branching fractions of $$\chi _{cJ}(1P)\rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ χcJ(1P)→J/ψμ+μ- channels are: $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c0}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=3.80^{+0.59}_{-0.64} \times 10^{-6}$$ B[χc0(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=3.80-0.64+0.59×10-6 , $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c1}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=2.04^{+0.36}_{-0.38} \times 10^{-4}$$ B[χc1(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=2.04-0.38+0.36×10-4 , and $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c2}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=1.66^{+0.19}_{-0.19} \times 10^{-4}$$ B[χc2(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=1.66-0.19+0.19×10-4 .

The mass spectra, mixing angle, and decay constants of the ${J}^{P}={1}^{+}$ heavy-light mesons are systematically studied within the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The full ${1}^{+}$ Salpeter wave function is given for the first time. The mixing between the ${1}^{+\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${1}^{++}$ in the ${1}^{+}$ heavy-light systems are automatically determined by the dynamics in the equation without any man-made mixing. The results indicate that in a rigorous study there exists the phenomenon of mixing angle inversion or mass inversion within ${1}^{+}$ heavy-light doublet, which is sensitive to the $s$-quark mass for the charmed mesons and $u$- or $d$-quark masses for the bottomed mesons. This inversion phenomenon can answer the question of why we have confused mixing angles in the literature and partly explain the lower mass of ${D}_{s1}(2460)$ compared to that of ${D}_{s1}(2536)$. The decay constants are also presented and can behave as a good quantity to distinguish the ${1}^{+}$ doublet in heavy-light mesons. This study indicates that the light-quark mass may play an important role in deciding the mass order, mixing angle, and decay constant relation between the $|{j}_{l}=\frac{3}{2}⟩$ and $|{j}_{l}=\frac{1}{2}⟩$ heavy-light mesons.

In this paper, the dilepton electromagnetic decays $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-$$χcJ(1P)→J/ψe+e- and $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-$$χcJ(1P)→Jψμ+μ-, where $$\chi _{cJ}$$χcJ denotes $$\chi _{c0}$$χc0, $$\chi _{c1}$$χc1 and $$\chi _{c2}$$χc2, are calculated systematically in the improved Bethe–Salpeter method. The numerical results of decay widths and the invariant mass distributions of the final lepton pairs are given. The comparison is made with the recently measured experimental data of BESIII. It is shown that for the cases including $$e^+e^-$$e+e-, the gauge invariance is decisive and should be considered carefully. For the processes of $$\chi _{cJ}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-$$χcJ(1P)→J/ψe+e-, the branching fraction are: $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c0}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=1.06^{+0.16}_{-0.18} \times 10^{-4}$$B[χc0(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=1.06-0.18+0.16×10-4, $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c1}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=2.88^{+0.50}_{-0.53} \times 10^{-3}$$B[χc1(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=2.88-0.53+0.50×10-3, and $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c2}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi e^+e^-]=1.74^{+0.22}_{-0.21} \times 10^{-3}$$B[χc2(1P)→J/ψe+e-]=1.74-0.21+0.22×10-3. The calculated branching fractions of $$\chi _{cJ}(1P)\rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-$$χcJ(1P)→J/ψμ+μ- channels are: $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c0}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=3.80^{+0.59}_{-0.64} \times 10^{-6}$$B[χc0(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=3.80-0.64+0.59×10-6, $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c1}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=2.04^{+0.36}_{-0.38} \times 10^{-4}$$B[χc1(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=2.04-0.38+0.36×10-4, and $$\mathcal {B}[\chi _{c2}(1P) \rightarrow J/\psi \mu ^+\mu ^-]=1.66^{+0.19}_{-0.19} \times 10^{-4}$$B[χc2(1P)→J/ψμ+μ-]=1.66-0.19+0.19×10-4.

In this paper, we study the light scalar and pseudoscalar invisible particles in the flavor changing neutral current processes of the $B_c$ meson. Effective operators are introduced to describe the couplings between quarks and light invisible particles. The Wilson coefficients are extracted from the experimental results of the $B$ and $D$ mesons, which are used to predict the upper limits of the branching fractions of the similar decay processes for the $B_c$ meson. The hadronic transition matrix element is calculated with the instantaneously approximated Bethe-Salpeter method. The upper limits of the branching fractions when $m_\chi$ taking different values are presented. It is found that at some region of $m_\chi$, the channel $B_c\to D_s^{(\ast)}\chi\chi$ has the largest upper limit which is of the order of $10^{-6}$, and for $B_c\to D_s^\ast\chi\chi^\dagger$, the largest value of the upper limits can achieve the order of $10^{-5}$. Other decay modes, such as $B_c\to D^{(*)}\chi\chi^{(\dagger)}$ and $B_c\to B^{(*)}\chi\chi^{(\dagger)}$, are also considered., Comment: 24 pages, 35 figures

Recently, many new excited states of heavy mesons, especially the radially excited states, are discovered. The study of the production processes of these states from the ground b-flavored mesons is of interest. In this paper, we use the improved Bethe-Salpeter method to study the semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decays of $B$, $B_s$, and $B_c$ mesons, where the final states are focused on the radial excited $2S$ and $3S$ states. We find that many channels have branching ratios up to $10^{-4}$, which are within the detection accuracy of current experiments., Comment: 17 pages,1 figures

Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for treating insomnia and neurasthenia for centuries. Lignans, which are considered to be the bioactive components, are apt to be extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. This study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of S. chinensis (SFES) in mice and the possible mechanisms. SFES exhibited an obvious sedative effect on shortening the locomotor activity in mice in a dose-dependent (10–200 mg/kg) manner. SFES (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, intragstrically) showed a strong hypnotic effect in synergy with pentobarbital in mouse sleep, and reversal of insomnia induced by caffeine, p- chlorophenylalanine and flumazenil by decreasing sleep latency, sleep recovery, and increasing sleeping time. In addition, it produced a synergistic effect with 5-hydroxytryptophan (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The behavioral pharmacological results suggest that SFES has significant sedative and hypnotic activities, and the mechanisms might be relevant to the serotonergic and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system.

The heavy quark effective theory vastly reduces the weak-decay form factors of hadrons containing one heavy quark. Many works attempt to directly apply this theory to hadrons with multiple heavy quarks. In this paper, we examine this confusing application by the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method from a phenomenological perspective, and give the numerical results for decays to charmonium where the final states include , , , and . Our results indicate that the form factors parameterized by a single Isgur-Wise function deviate substantially from the full ones, especially when excited states are involved. The relativistic corrections ( corrections) require the introduction of more non-perturbative universal functions, similar to the Isgur-Wise function, which are the overlapping integrals of the wave functions with the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark.

Recently, the deviation of the ratios $R(D)$, $R(D^{*})$ and $R(J/\psi)$ have been found between experimental data and the Standard Model predictions, which may be the hint of New Physics. In this work, we calculate these ratios within the Standard Model by using the improved instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method. The emphasis is pad to the relativistic correction of the form factors. The results are $R(D)=0.312 ^{+0.006}_{-0.007}$, $R(D^*)= 0.249^{+0.001}_{-0.002}$, $R(D_s)=0.320 ^{+0.009}_{-0.009}$, $R(D^*_s)=0.251 ^{+0.002}_{-0.003}$, $R(\eta_c)=0.384 ^{+0.032}_{-0.042}$, and $R(J/\psi)=0.267 ^{+0.009}_{-0.011}$, which are consistent with predictions of other models and the experimental data. The semileptonic decay rates and corresponding form factors at zero recoil are also given., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures

In the usual Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain, the topology of the energy spectrum is divided into two categories in different parameter regions. Here we study the topological and nontopological edge states induced by qubit-assisted coupling potentials in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) lattice system modelled as a SSH chain. We find that, when the coupling potential added on only one end of the system raises to a certain extent, the strong coupling potential will induce a new topologically nontrivial phase accompanied with the appearance of a nontopological edge state in the whole parameter region, and the novel phase transition leads to the inversion of odd-even effect in the system directly. Furthermore, we also study the topological properties as well as phase transitions when two unbalanced coupling potentials are injected into both the ends of the circuit QED lattice system, and find that the system exhibits three distinguishing phases in the process of multiple flips of energy bands. These phases are significantly different from the previous phase induced via unilateral coupling potential, which is reflected by the existence of a pair of nontopological edge states under strong coupling potential regime. Our scheme provides a feasible and visible method to induce a variety of different kinds of topological and nontopological edge states through controlling the qubit-assisted coupling potentials in circuit QED lattice system both in experiment and theory., Comment: 10 pages,9 figures

We revisit the heavy quarkonium leptonic decays $\psi(nS) \to \ell^+\ell^-$ and $\Upsilon(nS) \to \ell^+\ell^-$ using the Bethe-Salpeter method. The emphasis is on the relativistic correction. For the $\psi(1S-5S)$ decays, the relativistic effects are $22^{+3}_{-2}\%$, $34^{+5}_{-5}\%$, $41^{+6}_{-6}\%$, $52^{+11}_{-13}\%$ and $62^{+14}_{-12}\%$, respectively. For the $\Upsilon(1S-5S)$ decays, the relativistic effects are $14^{+1}_{-2}\%$, $23^{+0}_{-3}\%$, $20^{+8}_{-2}\%$, $21^{+6}_{-7}\%$ and $28^{+2}_{-7}\%$, respectively. Thus, the relativistic corrections are large and important in heavy quarkonium leptonic decays, especially for the highly excited charmonium. Our results for $\Upsilon(nS) \to \ell^+\ell^-$ are consistent with the experimental data., Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables

The mass spectra and wave functions for the doubly heavy baryons are computed under the picture that the two heavy quarks inside a doubly heavy baryon, such as two $c$-quarks in $\Xi_{cc}$, combine into a heavy `diquark core' in color anti-triplet firstly, then the diquark core turns into a color-less doubly heavy baryon via combining the light $q$-quark inside the baryon. Namely both of the combinations, the two heavy quarks inside the baryon into a diquark core in color anti-triplet and the heavy diquark core with the light quark into the baryon, are depicted by relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equations (BSEs) with an accordingly QCD inspired kernel respectively, although in the paper only the heavy diquark cores with the quantum numbers $J^P=1^+$ are considered. Since the `second combination' is of the heavy diquark core and the light quark, so the structure effect of the diquark core to the relevant kernel of the BSE is specially considered in terms of the diquark-core wave functions. The mass spectra and wave functions for the `low-laying' doubly heavy baryons in the flavors $(ccq)$, $(bcq)$ and $(bbq)$ and in the quantum numbers $J^P=\frac{1}{2}^+$, $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$, achieved by solving the equations under the so-called instantaneous approximation, are presented properly and some comparisons with the others' results under different approaches in the literature are made., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures; To be published in Chinese Physics C

Relativistic effects are important in the rigorous study of heavy quarks. In this paper, we study the relativistic corrections of semileptonic $B_c$ decays to charmonium with the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method. Within the Bethe-Salpeter framework, we use two methods to study the relativistic effects. One of them is to expand the transition amplitude in powers of $\vec{q}$ which is the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark, and the other is to expand the amplitude base on the wave functions. In the level of decay width, the results show that, for the transition of $B_c\to \eta_c$, the relativistic correction is about $22\%$; for $B_c\to J/\psi$, it is about $19\%$; the relativistic effects of $1P$ final states are about $14\sim46\%$ larger than those of $1S$ final states; for $2S$ final states, they are about $19\sim 28\%$ larger than those of $1S$ final states; for $3S$ final states, they are about $12\sim13\%$ larger than those of $2S$ final states; for $2P$ final states, they are about $10\sim14\%$ larger than those of $1P$ final states; for $3P$ final states, they are about $7\sim12\%$ larger than those of $2P$ final states. We conclude that the relativistic corrections of the $B_c$ decays to the orbitally or radially excited charmonium (2S, 3S, 1P, 2P, 3P) are quite large., Comment: 25 pages, 32 figures

In this paper, we study the four-body decay processes of neutral flavored mesons, including $\bar K^0$, $D^0$, $\bar B^0$, and $\bar B_s^0$. These processes, which induced by a hypothetical doubly-charged scalar particle, violate the lepton number. The quantity $Br\times\left(\frac{s_\Delta h_{ij}}{m_\Delta^2}\right)^{-2}$ of different channels are calculated, where $s_\Delta$, $h_{ij}$, and $M_\Delta$ are parameters related to the doubly-charged scalar. For $\bar K^0\rightarrow h_1^+h_2^+l_1^-l_2^-$, $D^0\rightarrow h_1^-h_2^-l_1^+l_2^+$, and $\bar B_{d,s}^0\rightarrow h_1^+h_2^+l_1^-l_2^-$, it is of the order of $10^{-13}\sim 10^{-11}$ ${\rm GeV^4}$, $10^{-17}\sim 10^{-10}$ ${\rm GeV^4}$, and $10^{-17}\sim 10^{-10}$ ${\rm GeV^4}$, respectively. Based on the experimental results for the $D^0\rightarrow h_1^-h_2^-l_1^+l_2^+$ channels, we also set the upper limit for $\frac{s_\Delta h_{ij}}{M_\Delta^2}$., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures

In this paper, we systematically calculate two-body strong decays of newly observed ${D}_{J}(3000)$ and ${D}_{sJ}(3040)$ with $2\mathrm{P}({1}^{+})$ and $2\mathrm{P}({1}^{+\ensuremath{'}})$ assignments in an instantaneous approximation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation method. Our results show that both resonances can be explained as the $2\mathrm{P}({1}^{{+}^{\ensuremath{'}}})$ with broad width via $^{3}{P}_{1}$ and $^{1}{P}_{1}$ mixing in $D$ and ${D}_{s}$ families. For ${D}_{J}(3000)$, the total width is 229.6 MeV in our calculation, close to the upper limit of experimental data, and the dominant decay channels are ${D}_{2}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$, ${D}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$, and ${D}^{*}(2600)\ensuremath{\pi}$. For ${D}_{sJ}(3040)$, the total width is 157.4 MeV in our calculation, close to the lower limit of experimental data, and the dominant channels are ${D}^{*}K$ and ${D}^{*}{K}^{*}$. These results are consistent with observed channels in experiments. Given the very little information that has been obtained from experiments and the large error bars of the total decay widths, we recommend the detection of dominant channels in our calculation.

Most power transformers in the electrical power industry are oil filled, and insulation failure occurs when the oil–paper insulation system weakens to the extent that it can no longer support the high voltage connected to it. Dissolved gas analysis is a widely used method to detect incipient faults in oil-filled power transformers.

The semileptonic decays \(B_c^ + \to P(V) + \ell ^ + + \bar \nu _\ell \) and the nonleptonic decays Bc+ → P(V) + L, where P(V) denotes a pseudoscalar (vector) charmonium or \((\bar bs)\)-meson, and L denotes a light meson, are studied in the framework of improved instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation and the Mandelstam formula. The numerical results (width and branching ratio of the decays) are presented in tables, and in order to compare conveniently, those obtained by other approaches are also put in the relevant tables. Based on the fact that the ratio \(\frac{{\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(B_c^ + \to \psi (2S)\pi ^ + )}} {{\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(B_c^ + \to J/\psi \pi ^ + )}} = 0.24_{ - 0.040}^{ + 0.023} \) estimated here is in good agreement with the observation by LHCb \(\frac{{\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(B_c^ + \to \psi (2S)\pi ^ + )}} {{\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(B_c^ + \to J/\psi \pi ^ + )}} = 0.250 \pm 0.068(stat) \pm 0.014(syst) \pm 0.006(\mathcal{B}) \), one may conclude that with respect to the decays the present framework works quite well.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), as the major bioactive ingredient of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, elicited a novel antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test (FST) in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats in our previous study. To further explore the molecular mechanism of Rb1 on the neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in this antidepressant-like effect, the neurochemical changes in the monoaminergic and aminoacidergic receptors were investigated in the present pharmacological study by using reuptake inhibitors, receptors agonists and antagonists. The results showed that a sub-effective dose of Rb1 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) co-administered with fluoxetine (1 mg/kg, i.p., a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., a noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor), bupropion (10 mg/kg, i.p., a dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor), Mk-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p., an N-methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist) or baclofen (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., a selective GABA agonist) significantly decreased the immobility time in the FST. In addition, pretreating mice with NAN190 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), ketanserin (5 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist), ondansetron (1 mg/kg, i.p., a 5-HT3A receptor antagonist), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p., a selective D1 receptor antagonist), haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p., a non-selective D2 receptor antagonist), NMDA (75 mg/kg, i.p., an agonist at the glutamate site) or bicuculline (4 mg/kg, i.p., a competitive GABA antagonist) reversed the antidepressant-like effect of Rb1 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) in the FST. The results obtained for the neurotransmitters in the mouse hippocampus (CA3) and prefrontal cortex showed that Rb1 up-regulated the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NE, DA, and GABA and decreased the level of Glu. However, there were no significant differences in HVA or DOPAC. Furthermore, there were no significant alterations in the total path of spontaneous locomotor activity in all treatments. These results suggest that both monoaminergic (serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic) and aminoacidergic (glutamatergic and GABAergic) receptors may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of Rb1.

In this paper, we study the lepton number violation processes of $B_c$ meson induced by possible doubly-charged scalars. Both the three-body decay channels and the four-body decay channels are considered. For the former, $Br\times\left(\frac{s_\Delta h_{ij}}{M_\Delta^2}\right)^{-2}$ is of the order of $10^{-7}\sim 10^{-9}$, and for the later channels, $Br\times\left(\frac{s_\Delta h_{ij}}{M_\Delta^2}\right)^{-2}$ is of the order of $10^{-12}\sim 10^{-20}$, where $s_\Delta$, $h_{ij}$, $M_\Delta$ are the constants related to the doubly-charged boson., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures

The thermal deformation of reflecting optical system in the ambient temperature affects the system performance greatly. Based on the results of thermal balance test, the paper has made a full analysis to the deformation of reflecting optical system on the high-low temperature using the finite elemernt method,so as to validate whether the optical system meet the requirement of optical image design and temperature. This method can combine the thermal optical analysis and thermal balance test data effectively ,and therefore the most actual thermal optical anslysis model can be obtained to guide the concept and optimization of reflecting optical system.

ndustrial water requirement is usually influenced by multiple factors, among which have close relations, which can cause distortion of some forecasting results, and weaken the suitability of some formulas. To this end, we adopt BP neural network model, use principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the relationships between variables of the model to solve the related issues between the various factors, in order to set up forecast model of industrial water requirement and take Zhengzhou City as an example to analyze. The results showed that this method could take the influenced factors of industrial water requirement into consideration comprehensively, offer higher and more accurate forecasts, and provide the reference framework for integrated planning of regional water resources and long-term water supply planning.

We study the weak decays of $\bar{B}_{(s)}$ and $B_c$ into $D$-wave heavy-light mesons, including $J^P=2^-$ ($D_{(s)2},D'_{(s)2},B_{(s)2}, B'_{(s)2}$) and $3^-$~($D^*_{(s)3}, B^*_{(s)3}$) states. The weak decay hadronic matrix elements are achieved based on the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method. The branching ratios for $\bar{B}$ decays are $\mathcal{B}[\bar{B}\to D_{2}e\bar{\nu}_e] = 1.1^{-0.3}_{+0.3} \times 10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}[\bar{B}\to D'_2e\bar{\nu}_e]=4.1^{-0.8}_{+0.9} \times 10^{-4}$, and $\mathcal{B}[\bar{B}\to D^*_3e\bar{\nu}_e]=1.0^{-0.2}_{+0.2} \times 10^{-3}$, respectively. For semi-electronic decays of $\bar B_s$ to $D_{s2}$, $D'_{s2}$, and $D^*_{s3}$, the corresponding branching ratios are $1.7^{-0.5}_{+0.5}\times 10^{-3}$, $5.2^{-1.5}_{+1.6}\times 10^{-4}$, and $1.5^{-0.4}_{+0.4}\times 10^{-3}$, respectively. The branching ratios of semi-electronic decays of $B_c$ to $D$-wave $D$ mesons are in the order of $10^{-5}$. We also achieved the forward-backward asymmetry, angular spectra, and lepton momentum spectra. In particular the distribution of decay widths for $2^-$ states $D_2$ and $D'_2$ varying along with mixing angle are presented.

In this paper, we study the OZI-allowed two-body strong decays of $$3^-$$ heavy–light mesons. Experimentally the charmed $$D_{3}^{*}(2760)$$ and the charm–strange $$D_{s3}^{*}(2860)$$ states with these quantum numbers have been discovered. For the bottomed B(5970) state, which was found by the CDF Collaboration recently, its quantum number has not been decided yet and we assume it is a $$3^-$$ meson in this paper. The theoretical prediction for the strong decays of bottom–strange state $$B_{s3}^*$$ is also given. The relativistic wave functions of $$3^-$$ heavy mesons are constructed and their numerical values are obtained by solving the corresponding Bethe–Salpeter equation with instantaneous approximation. The transition matrix is calculated by using the PCAC and low energy theorem, following which the decay widths are obtained. For $$D_{3}^*(2760)$$ and $$D_{s3}^*(2860)$$ , the total strong decay widths are 72.6 and 47.6 MeV, respectively. For $$B_3^*$$ with $$M=5978$$ MeV and $$B_{s3}^*$$ with $$M=6178$$ MeV, their strong decay widths are 22.9 and 40.8 MeV, respectively.

To explore the ratio of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and patients with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hypo-MDS) patients and to evaluate their significance.The clinical data of 181 cases of AA and 111 cases of hypo-MDS from January 2008 to December 2014 were collected from Blood Diseases Hospital of Chinese academy of medical sciences, and then the differences of lymphocyte subsets and its effect in 2 groups were analyzed.CD4The changes of lymphocyte subsets can be used as an reference indicator for differential diagnosis of hypo-MDS and AA. The comparative analysis of patients with these 2 kinds of diseases after dividing into subgroups according to ratio of CD4

We study the semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of $$B_c$$ meson to D-wave charmonia, namely, $$\eta _{c2}(1^1\!D_2)$$ , $$\psi _2(1^3\!D_2)$$ , and $$\psi _3(1^3\!D_3)$$ . In our calculations, the instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter method is applied to obtain the hadronic matrix elements. This method includes relativistic corrections which are important especially for the higher orbital excited states. For the semileptonic decay channels with electron as the final lepton, we get the branching ratios $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \eta _{c2}e\bar{\nu }_e] = 5.9^{-0.8}_{+1.0}\times 10^{-4}$$ , $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \psi _2e\bar{\nu }_e]=1.5^{-0.2}_{+0.3}\times 10^{-4}$$ , and $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \psi _3e\bar{\nu }_e]=3.5^{-0.6}_{+0.8}\times 10^{-4}$$ . The transition form factors, forward–backward asymmetries, and lepton spectra in these processes are also presented. For the nonleptonic decay channels, those with $$\rho $$ as the lighter meson have the largest branching ratios, $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \eta _{c2}\rho ] = 8.1^{-1.0}_{+1.0}\times 10^{-4}$$ , $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \psi _2\rho ]=9.6^{-1.0}_{+1.0}\times 10^{-5}$$ , and $$\mathcal {B}[B_c \rightarrow \psi _3\rho ]=4.1^{-0.7}_{+0.8}\times 10^{-4}$$ .

The planning and management decisions often involve multiple objectives and multiple parties with conflicting interests due to the complexity of inter-basin water transfer systems. In this paper, the objectives, the groups involved and the corresponding conflicting interests that characterize water transfer decisions are analyzed. A multi-party, multi-objective decision/bargaining model based on the “satisfaction principle” is developed for inter-basin water transfer system decision-making. In order to obtain an ideal multi-party decision, bargaining is first broken down into two stages, and then decision alternatives are chosen using fuzzy pattern recognition. This model is simple, and it is more adaptable for solving practical multi-objective and multi-party decision problems. Finally, an inter-basin water transfer scheme optimization example is demonstrated by using the developed model.

To observe the effect of extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng and Rhizoma Chuanxiong (EXT) on delaying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) aging in aged rats.VSMCs were obtained by the modified tissue explants technique and were shown to be positive for smooth muscle α-actin (SM-α-actin) by immunohistochemistry staining. VSMCs obtained from the young rats were served as the young control group; VSMCs obtained from the old rats were treated with no drug (the old group), with low dose extracts (20 mg/L, the EXT low-concentration group) and high dose extracts (40 mg/L, the EXT high concentration group), and with Probucal (10(-6) mol/L, the Probucal group) as a positive control. All groups were cultured for 24 h in the medium with 10% serum for 24 h followed by another 24 h in the serum-free medium. At the end of the 48-h culture, the following analyses were performed including determination of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-Gal) activity, flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of p16, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and retinoblastoma (Rb) mRNA expression, and Western blotting analyses of p16, cyclin D1, CDK4 and phosphoretinoblastoma (pRb) protein expressions.(1) In comparison to the younger rats, VSMCs from aged rats had significantly more SAβ-Gal positive cells (P0.01) and more cells in S phase (P0.05). VSMCs from the all treated groups showed a significant decrease in both SAβ-Gal positive cells (P0.05) and S phase (P0.05) compared to the old rats. (2) Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression. Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant decrease in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression (P0.05). (3) Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 protein expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions (P0.05). Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 protein expression and a significant decrease in cyclinD1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions (P0.05).VSMCs obtained from old rats showed typical signs of cellular senescence and vascular aging. EXT had an effect on delaying senescence of VSMCs in vitro by altering the p16-cyclinD/CDK-Rb pathway.

The management of groundwater resources is complex, especially when decisions about the ecological environment and the social environment are considered. In addition to this, economic efficiency should be considered. The solution to these complex decision problems requires the use of mathematical techniques that are formulated to take into account conflicting objectives. With the development and application of coordinate game theory, many models based on the Nash solution exist for groundwater management systems, but there is still a gap in applying them to practical problems. In this paper, a model based on the marginal solution and the satisfaction function is adopted. In order to solve these multiperson and multi-objective decision-making problems, the arbitrating solution, which is the ideal state accepted by those parties, is first deduced by two-stage satisfying programming; and the final satisfying decision is then chosen by the close-degree principle, which is proposed using fuzzy pattern recognit...

The actual project—the Bird Island Park in Shenyang, an example of hinge joint concrete block revetment ,using the FLAC analysis software, and the finite difference method percolation theory to calculate the 29 slope angle the role of a 45kg block under the action of the seepage stability of the slope. Variation in water head discussed in further detail and the role of the different blocks on the slope stability of the quality of the impact of the slope to provide a reference design and application.

We calculate the masses and the strong decays of orbitally excited states B s 0 , B s 1 ′ , B s 1 and B s 2 by the improved Bethe–Salpeter method. The predicted masses of B s 0 and B s 1 ′ are M B s 0 = 5.723 ± 0.280 GeV , M B s 1 ′ = 5.774 ± 0.330 GeV . We calculate the isospin symmetry violating decay processes B s 0 → B s π and B s 1 ′ → B s ⁎ π through π 0 – η mixing and get small widths. Considering the uncertainties of the masses, for B s 0 and B s 1 ′ , we also calculate the OZI allowed decay channels: B s 0 → B K ¯ and B s 1 ′ → B ⁎ K ¯ . For B s 1 and B s 2 , the OZI allowed decay channels B s 1 → B ⁎ K ¯ , B s 2 → B K ¯ and B s 2 → B ⁎ K ¯ are studied. In all the decay channels, the reduction formula, PCAC relation and low energy theorem are used to estimate the decay widths. We also obtain the strong coupling constants G B s 0 B s π , G B s 0 B K ¯ , G B s 1 ′ B s ⁎ π , F B s 1 ′ B s ⁎ π , G B s 1 ′ B ⁎ K ¯ , F B s 1 ′ B ⁎ K ¯ , G B s 1 B ⁎ K ¯ , F B s 1 B ⁎ K ¯ , G B s 2 B K ¯ and G B s 2 B ⁎ K ¯ .

The medium-term runoff forecasting provided new information for forecast of medium and long term runoff and optimal hydroelectric power generation. According to the actual runoff and hydropower generating characteristics of Ertan Hydropower Station, we studied the decade runoff quantitatively and grade forecast model based on Global Forecasting System (GFS) precipitation forecast information in wet season, then used the posteriori runoff transition probability and measurable probability of runoff forecast to research the uncertain runoff description based on runoff forecast; finally on the basis of the runoff description and the grading forecast accuracy of GFS-based next 10 days’ total forecast precipitation, we studied the uncertain optimal operating model of Ertan Hydropower Station considering runoff forecast. The results showed that the runoff forecast considering GFS forecast precipitation and uncertainty has significantly improved the existing runoff description and operating optimization model, and obviously raised the hydropower generation efficiency of Ertan Reservoir.

Objective To investigate the expression and localization of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) in mouse zygotes during the process of the first mitosis. Methods Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of AURKA and AURKB. The subcellular location of AURKA and AURKB was studied by confocal microscopy. Results AURKA and AURKB were increasingly expressed from phase G 1 and peaked at phase M. After the entrance into mitosis AURKB became the predominant form both in mRNA and protein levels. The proteins of AURKA and AURKB both distributed in the cytoplasm and were associated with nucleus during the first mitosis of mouse zygotes, with some details in different. Conclusion The expression and localization of Aurora kinases A and B was in a cellcycle regulated manner during the process of the cleavage of mouse zygotes. This discovery will aid in future investigations on their specific roles and molecular mechanisms in the regulation of mammalian early embryonic development.

In this work, ultrathin sections from longitudinal polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based T700 and T300 carbon fibers were prepared by ultramicrotomy, a promising graphene based thin films were developed in one step at ambient temperature. It is investigated that the network-graphene planes composed with carbon atoms are partly straight and partly twisted in the thin films prepared from T700 carbon fibers, the distance between the carbon atoms of network-graphene plane decreases, the order design of graphene in the films prepared from T700 carbon fibers is denser and its arrangement shows a preferred orientation along the drawing direction, its consistency of the neighboring graphene based planes is better, moreover, the relative content of the forming SP2-hybridized orbit of carbon atoms in the films prepared from T700 carbon fibers is higher, in the other words, the fact of the graphene based film prepared from carbon fibers without having the characteristic of skin-core structure has been verified.

Many P-wave mixing heavy-light 1+ states have not yet been discovered by experiment, while others have been discovered but without width information, or with large uncertainties on the widths. In this paper, the strong decays of the P-wave mixing heavy-light 1+ states D 0, , , B 0, and B s are studied by the improved Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) method with two conditions of mixing angle θ: one is θ = 35.3°; the other is considering a correction to the mixing angle . Valuable predictions for the strong decay widths are obtained: , , , , , , , , and . It is found that the decay widths of and are very sensitive to the mixing angle. The results will provide theoretical assistance to future experiments.

Copolymerization of acrylonitrile(AN) with ammonium itaconate (AIA) initiated by ammonium persulfate (APS) was investigated in deionized water at 60°C under magnetic field(MF). The values of monomer apparent reactivity ratios were calculated by Kelen-Tudos method and the conversion was also measured. It has been found that the polymer radical group with an AIA unit at the chain end is considerably more active in the presence of MF, the conversion of solution polymerization of AN in the presence of MF is higher at the same ratio of AN/AIA. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) is narrower than that prepared without MF because of the orientation of their spin moments under MF. moreover, the fluctuation of the lifetime of propagating AN macroradicals is smaller. It is clear that the crystallization degree of powder polyacrylonitrile (PAN) prepared with MF is higher than that PAN obtained without MF. For the attained fibers coming from the dope treated under MF, the thermal properties become more stable, which also affects on the mechanical properties of the resultant fibers.