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In this study, HfxAlyOz nanolaminate, single-layer Al2O3, and HfO2 gate insulators were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to successfully integrate the InGaZnO (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Compared with single-layer HfO2-based TFTs, the HfxAlyOz-based IGZO TFTs showed a larger field-effect mobility of 10.31 cm2/Vs and a smaller subthreshold swing of 0.12 V/decade. Moreover, it showed a smaller threshold voltage shift of 0.5 V than that of HfO2-based TFTs under gate-bias stress at +5 V for 900 s due to the smooth surface. Moreover, the high dielectric HfxAlyOz nanolaminate had a larger equivalent SiO2 thinness than that of Al2O3 gate insulators, which are beneficial in applications of high-resolution display. Thus, the high mobility and high stability TFTs could be regarded as good candidates for active-matrix flat panel displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the averaging principle for multivalued stochastic differential equations (MSDEs) driven by a random process under non-Lipschitz conditions. We consider the convergence of solutions in $L^{p}~(p\geq2)$ and in probability between the MSDEs and the corresponding averaged MSDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the hydroxyl radical (OH ·) formation during ozonation, OH · yields (Φ) in the reactions of O3 with O3 reactive compounds such as electron-activated aromatic compounds and amines were determined by the "tBuOH · assay". In addition, the Φ values in the ozonation of waste water effluent, surface water and groundwater were investigated. The results showed that the Φ values in the reactions of aromatic compounds, amines and olefins with ozone were in the range of 10%-30%, 15%-35% and 0, respectively. The Φ value was about 41% in the reaction of hydroxyl ion (OH-) with ozone. Competition of OH- with water matrix for O3 consumption resulted in lower Φ value in waters with higher content of DOC. Generally, the Φ values were in the trend of groundwater> surface water> waste water effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxetic foams with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) have attracted considerable attention in material engineering due to their outstanding performance in seismic and energy absorption. Nevertheless, thermoplastic auxetic foams are compromised by weak non-covalent crosslinking that diminishes the mechanical strength and durability of foams. Conversely, thermosetting foams with chemical crosslinking, although mechanically robust, face challenges in elaborating auxetic structure and in achieving recyclability. Herein, an alternative approach is proposed to tackle this dilemma by incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds into the polymer network for preparing a thermosetting polyurethane foam with covalent adaptable network. By leveraging the unidirectional multi-effect compression technique, the topological network reorganization of foam is induced, transforming the initial circular open-cell structure into a re-entrant cell structure. This structural transformation endows the foam with stable NPR capability, achieving a minimum Poisson's ratio value of -0.4 within 30% compressive strain. Benefiting from its reinforced network structure, the foam also demonstrates high compressive strength (6.47 MPa) and tensile strength (1.67 MPa). Furthermore, it is recyclable and can be recompressed into thermosetting films. This work offers a straightforward approach to making auxetic thermosetting foams with good mechanical and recyclable properties, which is interesting for the development of high-performance auxetic materials., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The averaging principle for Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we investigate the averaging principle for a type of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equation. Comparing with the existing literature, we shall use different estimate methods to investigate the averaging principle, which will enrich the development of theory for Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations.

The aim of this paper is to establish the averaging principle for stochastic differential equations under a general averaging condition, which is weaker than the traditional case. Under this condition, we establish an effective approximation for the solution of stochastic differential equations in mean square.

The first aim of this paper is to establish the well-posedness for a type of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations, and we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of solutions under some conditions consistent with the classic (integer order) stochastic differential equations. The second aim is that we consider the continuity of solutions on the fractional order of those equations.