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An ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus has recently emerged in China. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of 19 suspect cases. We compared the positive ratio of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid amplification test results from different samples including oropharyngeal swab, blood, urine and stool with 3 different fluorescent RT-PCR kits. Nine out of the 19 patients had 2019-nCoV infection detected using oropharyngeal swab samples, and the virus nucleic acid was also detected in eight of these nine patients using stool samples. None of positive results was identified in the blood and urine samples. These three different kits got the same result for each sample and the positive ratio of nucleic acid detection for 2019-nCoV was only 47.4% in the suspect patients. Therefore, it is possible that infected patients have been missed by using nucleic acid detection only. It might be better to make a diagnosis combining the computed tomography scans and nucleic acid detection. Keywords: 2019 Novel coronavirus pneumonia, Clinical diagnosis, Nucleic acid amplification test

Background: To address the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammation effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) in atherosclerosis, we examined injured HMEC-1, HBMEC, and HUVEC-12 cells induced by high glucose (HG). Methods: Western blot was performed to detect the levels of the proteins Hsp27, Noxa, TLR5, p-I[kappa]B[alpha], and p-p65 in HG-induced cells, while ELISA was used to analyze the inflammatory cytokines TNF-[alpha], IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1[beta] in cells with Hsp27 or Noxa stable expression. Results: Overexpression of Hsp27 upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and the release of I[kappa]B[alpha], promoted transportation of p65 into the nucleus, and lastly, affected the inflammation process, while Sch B counteracted the upregulation. In addition, the effect of Noxa overexpression, which is different from Hsp27 overexpression, was consistent with that of Sch B treatment. Conclusions: Sch B may inhibit the inflammatory cascade and alleviate the injury to HMEC-1, HBMEC, and HUEVC-12 cells caused by HG by regulating the Noxa/Hsp27/NF-[kappa]B signaling pathway. Key words: atherosclerosis, high glucose, Hsp27, inflammation, NF-[kappa]B, Noxa, schisandrin B. Contexte : Afin de comprendre le mecanisme moleculaire des effets anti-inflammatoires de la Sch B dans l'atherosclerose, les auteurs ont examine les cellules HMEC-1, HBMEC et HUVEC-12 endommagees par une concentration elevee de glucose. Methodes : Le transfert Western a ete realise pour detecter les niveaux proteiques de Hsp27, Noxa, TLR5, p-I[kappa]B[alpha] et p-p65 chez les cellules placees en presence de concentrations elevees de glucose, alors que le dosage ELISA a ete utilise pour analyser la presence des cytokines inflammatoires TNF-[alpha], IL-6, MCP-1 et IL-1[beta] dans les cellules exprimant Hsp27 et Noxa de facon stable. Resultats: La surexpression de Hsp27 regulait a la hausse les cytokines inflammatoires et la liberation d'I[kappa]B[alpha], favorisait le transport de p65 dans le noyau et affectait finalement le processus inflammatoire, alors que la Sch B contrecarrait cette regulation a la hausse. De plus, la surexpression de Noxa dont l'effet est different de celui de la surexpression de Hsp27, correspondait a l'effet du traitement a la Sch B. Conclusions : La Sch B peut inhiber la cascade inflammatoire et attenuer le dommage provoque par une concentration elevee de glucose dans les cellules HMEC-1, HBMEC et HUVEC-12 en regulant la voie de signalisation Noxa/Hsp27/NF-[kappa]B. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: atherosclerose, concentration elevee de glucose, Hsp27, inflammation, NF-[kappa]B, Noxa, schisandrine B., Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common disease that seriously harms human health and is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular [...]

Zn‐based catalysts hold great potential to replace the noble metal‐based ones for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Undercoordinated Zn (Znδ+) sites may serve as the active sites for enhanced CO production by optimizing the binding energy of *COOH intermediates. However, there is relatively less exploration into the dynamic evolution and stability of Znδ+ sites during CO2 reduction process. Herein, we present ZnO, Znδ+/ZnO and Zn as catalysts by varying the applied reduction potential. Theoretical studies reveal that Znδ+ sites could suppress HER and HCOOH production to induce CO generation. And Znδ+/ZnO presents the highest CO selectivity (FECO 70.9 % at −1.48 V vs. RHE) compared to Zn and ZnO. Furthermore, we propose a CeO2 nanotube with confinement effect and Ce3+/Ce4+ redox to stabilize Znδ+ species. The hollow core–shell structure of the Znδ+/ZnO/CeO2 catalyst enables to extremely expose electrochemically active area while maintaining the Znδ+ sites with long‐time stability. Certainly, the target catalyst affords a FECO of 76.9 % at −1.08 V vs. RHE and no significant decay of CO selectivity in excess of 18 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Monitoring of AUC24 was updated recommendation in the guideline for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin in Chinese pharmacological society published in 2020. Vancomycin pharmacokinetic profiles are diverse and unique in critically ill patients because of the drastic variability of the patients' physiological parameters, while the study for population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models in Chinese critically ill patients has been rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to construct a PPK model to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vancomycin in critically ill patients and to individualize vancomycin dosing by model-informed Bayesian estimation for maintenance of AUC24 target at 400–650 mg h/L recommended by the 2020 guideline. Methods: Vancomycin with different dosing was administered intravenously over 1 h for critically ill patients, TDM was started at 48 h or 72 h since initiation of vancomycin therapy for patients. Blood samples were collected from patients for trough concentrations or Cmax. Vancomycin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection. PPK model was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM®). Individual PK parameters for critically ill patients treated with vancomycin were estimated using a post hoc empirical Bayesian method based on the final PPK model. AUC24 was calculated as the total daily dose divided by the clearance (L/h). Results: The PPK of vancomycin was determined by a one-compartment model with creatinine clearance as fixed effects. The PK estimates in the final model generally agreed with the median estimates and were contained within the 95% CI generated from the bootstrap results, indicating good precision and stability in the final model. The visual predictive check plots showed the adequate predictive performance of the final PK model and supported a good model fit. The model-informed Bayesian estimation was used to predict the AUC24 of critically ill patient by the acquired TDM results, and the dosing adjustment by maintenance of AUC24 at 400–650 mg h/L had made a great therapeutic effect for the case. Conclusion: This study established a PPK model of vancomycin in Chinese critically ill patients, and individualized dosing of vancomycin by model-informed Bayesian estimation to maintain an AUC24 target at 400–650 mg h/L has been successfully applied in clinic. This result supports the continued use of model-informed Bayesian estimation to vancomycin treatment in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heavy singlet Majorana neutrinos are introduced to generate the neutrino mass in the so-called phenomenological type-I seesaw mechanism. The phenomena induced by the heavy Majorana neutrinos are important to search for new physics. In this paper, we explore the heavy Majorana neutrino production and decay at future e−p colliders. The corresponding cross sections via W and photon fusion are predicted for different collider energies. Combined with the results of the heavy Majorana neutrino production via single W exchange, this work can provide helpful information to search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future e−p colliders. Keywords: Type-I seesaw, Majorana neutrino, e−p collision