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The flow, heat, and mass transferof falling-water films in a diptube in an industrial-scale water-scrubbing cooling chamber was predictedusing a 2D numerical simulation. The VOF model was adopted to describethe free surface between the gas and liquid. The Rosseland model wasapplied to solve the radiative heat-transfer equation. The surfacetension between the gas and liquid phases was also considered. Thepredicted axial-temperature distribution of the bench-scale resultswere in good agreement with the experimental data, validating thefeasibility of the numerical models applied in this Article. The simulationresults indicated that the thickness of the inlet water film and thevelocity of the inlet falling-water film in the industrial-scale diptube had a large influence on the mass, heat transfer, and flow patternsof the falling-water film. When the thickness of the inlet water filmwas increased to 0.004 m, the outlet hot-syngas temperature of thedip tube decreased to about 100 K. Furthermore, the results showedthat the hot syngas was humidified sufficiently during the mass-transferprocess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of cancers. In view of the distinct biological characteristics and treatment strategies, clinical physicians require high-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) which could provide reliable recommendations on medical practices. We aimed to evaluate the reporting quality of CPGs in the field of HNC., Methods: We developed rigorous search strategies before searching the domestic and international literature databases (n=568) including Medline (via PubMed), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang as well as websites of guideline organizations (n=8) published between January 1, 2018 to July 1, 2021 for appropriate guidelines on HNC. We included all evidence-based guidelines about HNC in English or Chinese. We excluded translations, summaries and interpretations of guidelines, as well as older versions of guidelines if an updated edition was available. Data were extracted and the reporting quality was evaluated by two investigators independently guided by the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) checklist., Results: A total of 21 guidelines complied with the inclusion criteria. Items show distinctions with reporting proportions among seven RIGHT domains. The proportions of reported items in each RIGHT domain were 75.4% for basic information, 63.1% for background, 42.9% for evidence, 55.1% for recommendations, 42.9% for review and quality assurance, 26.2% for funding and declaration and management of interests, and 50.8% for other information., Discussion: The average reporting quality of the recently published guidelines for HNC was moderate. Our research would help optimize the development processes of guidelines, resulting in high-quality guidelines for healthcare professionals., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-22-52/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)