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The grain industry in Ukraine is the most important component of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, spring wheat grain production remains low and unstable due to insufficient efficiency of cultivation technology. The purpose of the research was to establish optimal seeding rates for soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds of the Shirocco variety. The study of the influence of the seeding rate on the productivity and quality indicators of soft spring wheat was carried out according to the scheme: 3.5 million pcs ha-1, 4.0 million pcs ha-1, 4.5 million pcs ha-1, 5.0 million pcs ha-1; 5.5 million pcs ha-1; 6.0 million pcs ha-1. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest density of standing was obtained on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 522 pcs m2 with plant preservation during the growing season of 86.8% (453.1 pcs m2). The maximum yield was observed on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 5.63 t ha-1. At a seeding rate of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 pcs m2 the yield was 4.07, 4.58, 4.76, 5.00, 5.30 t ha-1, respectively. According to the results of the research, it was studied that at a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1, the highest yield of spring wheat grain was obtained - 5.63 t ha-1, and the maximum quality indicators of gluten and protein content at a seeding rate of 5.5 million pcs ha-1 - 25.5, 13.82%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite all the expectations for photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), there are still several technical issues that must be resolved before the technique can be successfully translated into clinics. Among these, electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, in addition to the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), have hindered the rapid development of related technologies. Unlike endoscopic ultrasound, in which the SNR can be increased by simply applying a higher pulsing voltage, there is a fundamental limitation in leveraging the SNR of PAE signals because they are mostly determined by the optical pulse energy applied, which must be within the safety limits. Moreover, a typical PAE hardware situation requires a wide separation between the ultrasonic sensor and the amplifier, meaning that it is not easy to build an ideal PAE system that would be unaffected by EMI noise. With the intention of expediting the progress of related research, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of deep-learning-based EMI noise removal involved in PAE image processing. In particular, we selected four fully convolutional neural network architectures, U-Net, Segnet, FCN-16s, and FCN-8s, and observed that a modified U-Net architecture outperformed the other architectures in the EMI noise removal. Classical filter methods were also compared to confirm the superiority of the deep-learning-based approach. Still, it was by the U-Net architecture that we were able to successfully produce a denoised 3D vasculature map that could even depict the mesh-like capillary networks distributed in the wall of a rat colorectum. As the development of a low-cost laser diode or LED-based photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system is now emerging as one of the important topics in PAT, we expect that the presented AI strategy for the removal of EMI noise could be broadly applicable to many areas of PAT, in which the ability to apply a hardware-based prevention method is limited and thus EMI noise appears more prominently due to poor SNR.

Aim. This research was designed to conduct an associative population genetic study for the consideration of the impact of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR in the congenital maxillofacial developmental anomalies (CMDA): congenital cleft lip (CCL), congenital cleft palate (CCP), congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) in the Krasnodar territory. The aim of the study is to establish the associations between SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR and the development of congenital cleft lip and/ or palate.Materials and methods. In this research, the peculiarities of distribution of SNP C667T of the gene MTHFR in children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate (n=223) and their mothers (n=78) in comparison with the control group (n=124) were studied in the Krasnodar territory. The genetic demographic questionnaires were gathered for children with CMDA, the information about diagnosis was obtained from the medical records. The biological samples, including blood or scrapings of oral mucosa, were collected from children with the pathology and their mothers. The DNA was extracted from the samples by the standard method. The study of the peculiarities of distribution of alleles of SNP C677T of the gene MTHFR was performed by PCR-PFLP with endonuclease Hinf I or by tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method in children with CCL, CCP, CCLP, their mothers and the control group. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by the algorithms of the “Statistica” program.Results. While comparing the profiles of frequencies of SNP C677T in children with CCL, CCP and CCLP with the control group, there were identified no significant differences in the frequency of this SNP and no peculiarities of genotypes distribution. There was identified a significant difference in the peculiarities of genotypes distribution with the control group (G=19,5232, d.f.=1, p

The influence of biologically active compounds on the functional state of the central nervous system and the emotional component in rats can be evaluated by using behavioral methods, which are based on studying the exploratory behavior of animals in an environment new to them. One such method is the study of animal behavior in an elevated cross-shaped maze with open and closed arms and the Porsolt "despair" test. The aim of our study was to investigate the emotional state of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts of Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba, Eleuterococcus and a mixture of aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica and Ginkgo biloba. The study of the emotional state of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts was performed on 3 month old animals obtained in the experiment from males (20 animals) and females (50 animals), which received aqueous plant extracts at a dose of 30 mg/100 g of the animal body weight, in the volume of 1 ml for 30 days. Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba and Eleutherococcus have pronounced nootropic activity, as the evaluation of animal anxiety level in the Elevated Cross Maze test and depression level in the Porsolt Despair Behavior test show a significant difference in the behavior of intact rats and offspring rats, receiving aqueous plant extracts as an additional load and the most pronounced effect is observed with the complex application of extracts of Centella asiatica and Ginkgo biloba.

Introduction Athletes have attempted to glean the ergogenic benefits of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) since it became available in the 1980s. However, there is limited consensus in the literature regarding its true performance-enhancing effects. In fact, some studies suggest there is no conclusive evidence; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and quantify the strength of the evidence.Objective To determine the effects of erythropoietin on enhancing athletic performance.Design At least two independent reviewers conducted citation identification through abstract and full-text screening, and study selection, and extracted raw data on demographics, descriptions of interventions and all outcomes to predesigned abstraction forms. Outcomes were stratified by treatment periods and dosages. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Education (GRADE) scale. Where appropriate, quantitative analysis was performed.Data sources EMBASE, MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from their inception to January 2020.Eligibility criteria Trials that examined any enhancement in sport in healthy participants aged 18–65 using rHuEPO compared with placebo were included.Results Overall, there is low-to-moderate quality evidence suggesting rHuEPO may be more beneficial than placebo in enhancing haematological parameters, pulmonary measures, maximal power output and time to exhaustion independent of dosage. However, these improvements are almost exclusively seen during maximal exercise intensities, which may be less relevant to athletic competition conditions.Conclusion Due to heterogeneity among trials, more high-quality randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes in conditions that mirror actual competition are needed to further elucidate these effects.

The article analyzes the main biochemical markers of oral fluid in dental pathology in children with psychoneurological disorders.

Aim. To study the functioning of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and immune defense in the treatment of dental caries in children with psychoneurological disorders in different age groups.Materials and methods. Biological material for the study was oral fluid of patients with tooth decay, with neuropsychiatric disorders (n=84 children) and without comorbid pathology (n=47 children), the control group was 45 people. An evaluation of the severity of the disturbances in the prooxidant-antioxidant system in the oral fluid was carried out by determining the intensity of chemiluminescence in the maximum and the area of the outbreak, as well as the overall antioxidant activity characterizing the state of the antioxidant system. Among the indices of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase was determined, and in addition, the integral index of the functioning of antiradical protection enzymes was calculated. Investigation of the state of local immune defense was carried out by determining the content of proinflammatory and pro-inflammatory interleukins, and also assessing the level of lactoferrin. Conclusion. The functioning of the prooxidant-antioxidant system and the regulation of immune defense in children with psychoneurological disorders in different age groups have a number of characteristics with which the clinical indices correlate. The use of complex dental care ("Multistep" regulations) allows more complete rehabilitation of patients and achieving significantly better results in normalizing the biochemical state of the oral fluid.

In children with psychoneurological disorders, the incidence of tooth decay is significantly higher in comparison with a healthy contingent. Oral fluid has a significant effect on the maintenance of homeostasis of the oral cavity and is a natural functional environment for the organs of the oral cavity. Some physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid are sensitive indicators of comorbid pathology, in par-ticular, neuropsychiatric disorders, and may have prognostic value for assessing the risk of caries develop-ment. The object of the study was children of different ages with psychoneurological disorders: mental retardation, autism, mental retardation, Down's syndrome, infantile cerebral palsy. As a control group, children with dental problems without psychoneurological disorders were examined. The aim of the study was to search for the relationship between the physico-biochemical properties of the oral fluid and the dental caries parameters in children with psychoneurological disorders. To achieve this goal, objective methods of examination with an index assessment of the state of hard tissues of the teeth, as well as deter-mination of the rate of salivation, concentration of chloride anions, and an integral assessment of the state of the antioxidant defense system in the oral cavity using a special coefficient of oxidative modification of biomolecules were used. The results of the study revealed higher rates of caries incidence against the back-ground of a decrease in the rate of oral fluid secretion and the level of chloride anions in comparison with the control group. A reliable inverse correlation between the coefficient of oxidative modification of biomolecules and the rate of secretion of oral fluid of medium severity in children with psychoneurological disorders of both age groups was also revealed, which indicates the effect of disturbance of oral fluid production on the development of local oxidative stress in children with psychoneurological disorders.

Examined three groups of children aged 6 to 17 years: the first 96 children with CCLP (congenital cleft of lip and/or palate), the second 112 children with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) and the third (control) 86 somatically healthy children. On the basis of the index of KPU + kp and KPU in children with CCLP and in children with NPD high rates of prevalence and intensity of dental caries were found compared with the control group. The highest rates of prevalence of dental caries were found in children with CCLP and intensity of dental caries in children with NPD that is the most prominent in the children with NPD at the age from 6 to 12 years old. In children with CCLP and in children with NPD, the level of oral hygiene has significantly worse values compared to the control, which suggests the possibility of preventing tooth decay through improving oral hygiene of the mouth. The lowest level of oral hygiene was observed in children with CCLP that is mediated by severe congenital pathology.

Given the high rates of dental disease de children with neuropsychiatric disorders, there is a need to develop an algorithm to provide the necessary dental care. Embedded regulations "Multistep" represents "rehabilitation area" dental individualized care for children with neuropsychiatric disorders, in which the central place is occupied by the interaction of the child and the adult (the doctor and parents) in terms of medical and correctional environment, creating favorable conditions for the compensation of polymorphic disorders, dental adaptation full rehabilitation.

The ambiguity of the term “talk show” in the practice and theory of television journalism, difficulties in defining television programs like “talk shows” require to discover the essential format`s characteristics by which we could easily find out the broadcast of this type. The article analyzes the definitions of the concept in Russian and foreign dictionaries and also in the scientific literature.The author investigates contentious issues in the definition of the term and essential characteristics of talk show: identification the genre of the conversation which takes place in the studio; the role of a live studio audience in talk; the border of the format. Besides, the term “talk show” is correlated to such categories as “format” and “genre”. The author raises the question about the correctness of the understanding of “talk shows” like the current genre of TV journalism. Finally, on systematizes distinctive characteristics of talk shows, highlighted by different researchers, and offers the list of essential characteristics of the broadcast of this type.