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The workers operating and supervising machining tools are often in charge of monitoring a high number of parameters of the machining process, and they usually make use of, among others, cutting sound signals, for following-up and assessing that process. The interpretation of those signals is closely related to the operational conditions of the machine and to the work environment itself, because such signals are sensitive to changes in the process’ input parameters. Additionally, they could be considered as a valid indicator for detecting working conditions that either negatively affect the tools’ lifespan, or might even put the machine operators themselves at risk. In light of those circumstances, this work deals with the proposal and conceptual development of a new methodology for monitoring the work conditions of machining tools, based on expert systems that incorporate a reinforcement strategy into their knowledge base. By means of the combination of sound-processing techniques, together with the use of fuzzy-logic inference engines and hierarchization methods based on vague fuzzy numbers, it will be possible to determine existing undesirable behaviors in the machining tools, thus reducing errors, accidents and harmful failures, with consequent savings in time and costs. Aiming to show the potential for the use of this methodology, a concept test has been developed, implemented in the form of a short case study. The results obtained, even if they require more extensive validation, suggest that the methodology would allow for improving the performance and operation of machining tools, as well as the ergonomic conditions of the workplace.

As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são desordens de etiologia idiopática cujo diagnóstico histopatológico é dado por meio de marcadores imunohistoquímicos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os mais recentes ensaios clínicos publicados, que se utilizaram da imunohistoquímica para a avaliação de marcadores úteis no diagnóstico, no tratamento e no acompanhamento de tais doenças. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica dos trabalhos publicados entre 2014 e 2017, presentes nas bases de dados Pubmed/medline e Cochrane Library, a partir da busca pelos descritores “Inflammatory bowel disease” AND “immunohistochemistry”. Os resultados evidenciaram que MMP-9 e calprotectina fecal são marcadores úteis para o diagnóstico das doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Além disso, as quantificações de TNF, IL-6 e Anti-TNF se mostraram úteis para o acompanhamento desses pacientes, principalmente na verificação de melhora ou piora do quadro clínico após a instituição da terapia farmacológica. Concluiu-se, então, que a imunohistoquímica é uma metodologia bastante promissora para a avaliação das DII e, por isso, mais pesquisas que visem a descobertas de outros marcadores e que contribuam para o cuidado desses pacientes devem ser estimuladas.

El Museo de Huelva es una institución fundada en 1920. A las puertas de su centenario, una mirada retrospectiva nos muestra un camino plagado de vicisitudes en el que la incertidumbre ha minado la voluntad de aquellos que soñaron con una Huelva orgullosa de su pasado milenario. Una serie de hitos históricos rescataron del anodino panorama a la institución para construirse, ya a las puertas de la democracia, el edificio que por fin albergaría el legado onubense, el mismo que hoy día sigue siendo el único espacio expositivo integral de Huelva.

The use of digital technologies in teaching determines the development of new intellectual skills in students, which facilitates the application of investigation strategies, improves their capabilities in an integral way, helps them face the difficulties and demands of the current world and allows them to acquire more significant learning to have a good performance in the socio-educational environment. With a view to fulfilling the above, an institutional repository of open educational resources was developed for the Virtual Health University, based on the use of free and open-source technology tools that allow the standardization and interoperability among each of the repositories established in the National Health System, which will guarantee logic of academic organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Imagined activities could actually be a cognitive basis for creative thinking. However, it is still unknown how they might be related with the architecture of the brain. A recent study has proved the relevance of the imagined activity when investigating neuronal diseases by comparing variations in the neuronal activity of patients with brain diseases and healthy subjects. One important aspect of the scientific methodologies focused on neuronal diseases is therefore to provide a trustable methodology that could allow us to distinguish between realized and imagined activities in the brain. The electroencephalogram is the result of synchronized action of the cerebrum, and our end is portraying the network dynamics through the neuronal responses when the subjects perform visuomotor and specific imaginary assignments. We use a subtle information theoretical approach accounting for the time causality of the signal and the closeness centrality of the different nodes. More specifically we perform estimations of the probability distribution of the data associated to each node using the Bandt and Pompe approach to account for the causality of the electroencephalographic signals. We calculate the Jensen-Shannon distance across different nodes, and then we quantify how fast the information flow would be through a given node to other nodes computing the closeness centrality. We perform a statistical analysis to compare the closeness centrality considering the different rhythmic oscillation bands for each node taking into account imagined and visuomotor tasks. Our discoveries stress the pertinence of the alpha band while performing and distinguishing the specific imaginary or visuomotor assignments.

Currently, the concept of engagement is crucial in the field of learning and school achievement. It is a multidimensional concept (e.g., behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions) that has been widely used as a theoretical framework to explain the processes of school engagement and dropout. However, this conceptual framework has been scarcely used in the field of homework. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of intrinsic motivation, perceived homework utility, and personal homework attitude as precursors of student homework engagement (behavioral engagement) and, at the same time, how such engagement is the precursor of academic achievement. Seven hundred and thirty students of Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) (7th to 10th grade) from fourteen schools northern Spain participated. A structural equation model was elaborated on which intrinsic motivation, perceived utility and attitude were observed variables, and student engagement (time spent on homework, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done) and academic achievement (Mathematics, Spanish Language, English Language, and Social Science) were latent variables. The results reveal that (i) intrinsic motivation is a powerful precursor of student behavioral engagement (also perceived utility and attitude, although to a lesser extent), and (ii) academic achievement is closely linked to the level of student engagement, qualifying the results of many of the previous studies conducted from a task-centered perspective (as opposed to a person-centered perspective).

Perceived social support has been shown to be one of the most important protective factors for emerging adult students during their transition to university. However, the relationships between perceived social support and dimensions of gender and family background, which have been shown to affect adjustment to college life, remain unexplored. The current study analyzes the effect of gender, parents' education, and family income level on social support perceived by Spanish university students. The sample consisted of 575 women and 280 men, of average age 18.02 years (SD?=?0.52) enrolled in the first year of degree courses at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Three measures were used to assess various facets of perceived social support, namely perceived acceptance, social provisions, and support availability and satisfaction. Gender differences were identified for several perceived social support dimensions; women reported a wider social network, which should cover more diverse needs of social support. In addition, differences related to mother's education and family income level emerged for the availability of support and perceived acceptance. The results highlight the different role of gender and family background in several dimensions of perceived social support during the transition to emerging adulthood.

We herein present FactorsR, an RWizard application which provides tools for the identification of the most likely causal factors significantly correlated with species richness, and for depicting on a map the species richness predicted by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. As a demonstration of FactorsR, we used an assessment using a database incorporating all species of terrestrial carnivores, a total of 249 species, distributed across 12 families. The model performed with SVM explained 91.9% of the variance observed in the species richness of terrestrial carnivores. Species richness was higher in areas with both higher vegetation index and patch index, i.e., containing higher numbers of species whose range distribution is less fragmented. Lower species richness than expected was observed in Chile, Madagascar, Sumatra, Taiwan, and Sulawesi.

The medical treatment of chronic wounds, pressure ulcers in particular, burdens healthcare systems nowadays with high expenses that result mainly from their monitoring and assessment stages. Decision support systems applied within the ‘remote medicine’ framework may be of help, not only to the process of monitoring the evolution of chronic wounds under treatment, but also to facilitate the prevention and early detection of potential risk conditions in the affected patients. In this paper, the design and definition of a new decision-support methodology to be applied to the monitoring and assessment stages of the medical treatment process for pressure ulcers is proposed. Built upon the use and development of expert systems, the methodology makes it possible to generate alerts derived from the evolution of a patient’s chronic wound, by means of the interpretation and combination of data coming from both an image of the wound, and the considerations of a healthcare professional with expertise in the subject matter. Some positive results are already shown regarding the determination of the ulcer’s status in the tests that have been carried out so far. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed methodology might lead to substantial improvements regarding both the treatment’s efficiency and cost savings.

Este estudo analisa a relação entre os resultados em provas cognitivas e o rendimento académico. Considera-se uma amostra representativa dos alunos portugueses entre o 5º e o 12º ano de escolaridade (n=4899). A avaliação cognitiva considerou os resultados na Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio: versão BPR5/6, versão BPR7/9 e versão BPR10/12. Todas as provas avaliam a capacidade de inferir e aplicar relações, recorrendo a tarefas de conteúdo diferenciado (figurativo-abstracto, numérico, verbal, mecânico e espacial). Os coeficientes de correlação sugerem uma maior associação entre as habilidades cognitivas e o rendimento escolar nas disciplinas cujo conteúdo curricular mais se aproxima dos itens das provas. Por outro lado, observa-se uma diminuição progressiva nos coeficientes de correlação à medida que se avança na escolaridade, apontando para uma menor importância das variáveis cognitivas na predição do rendimento académico nos anos escolares mais avançados. Estes resultados sugerem uma maior atenção, com o avançar na escolaridade, a variáveis não estritamente cognitivas e a variáveis próprias dos contextos de ensino-aprendizagem na explicação do rendimento escolar. Palavras-chave: Inteligência; Desempenho cognitivo; Rendimento académico; Sucesso escolar

El objetivo principal de esta investigación consiste en conocer el perfil cognitivo que presenta el alumnado de primer curso de Educación Secundaria de un centro educativo situado en Ourense (España). Además, hemos analizado su relación con las principales materias académicas que integran el currículo. Para ello, hemos seleccionado a un grupo integrado por 62 alumnos/as a los que les hemos administrado de manera colectiva la prueba de inteligencia TIDI (Test ICCE de Inteligencia). Una vez que hemos obtenido los resultados de esta prueba, los hemos comparado con los resultados académicos que presentan en las principales materias.

En las últimas dos décadas la esofagitis eosinofílica se ha posicionado como una de las causas más importantes de disfunción esofágica en niños, de impactación de alimentos en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, de falla terapéutica en pacientes con enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, y es la patología eosinofílica más frecuente del tracto digestivo. Presentamos inrecomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad basadas en la revisión sistemática de la literatura.