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L’histoire naturelle des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) est marquée par des atteintes extra-intestinales chez 50 % des patients. Cependant, les atteintes pulmonaires ne sont pas systématiquement dépistées. L’objectif de notre étude était d’évaluer la prévalence des symptômes respiratoires et leurs facteurs de risques chez les patients atteints de MICI.

Le SAHOS est fréquent dans l’obésité sévère et à l’origine des complications périopératoires en l’absence de traitement. L’objectif de l’étude est de comparer la performance diagnostique de la polygraphie ventilatoire en ambulatoire (PGa) et de la polysomnographie (PSG) au laboratoire du sommeil, les complications péri-opératoires et la durée d’hospitalisation chez les patients traités par chirurgie bariatrique.

La BPCO a un impact au quotidien sur la vie des patients, source d’un handicap dont l’aggravation est progressive. Il est indispensable de l’évaluer pour adapter au mieux le traitement.

We have shown that, unexpectedly, AtTSPO (Arabidopsis thaliana TSPO-related protein) is an endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi localized membrane protein in plant cell.1This localization contrast with that of mammalian 18-kDa translocator protein (at least for the mostly studied isoform, 18-kDa TSPO), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein (reviewed in2). Whereas the potential functions of 18-kDa TSPO are well documented, involved mainly in mitochondrial physiology,2and its interest as drugs target is been explored,3the roles of TSPO-related proteins in plant growth and development are yet to be specified. AtTSPO is expressed in dry seeds and can be induced in vegetative tissue by osmotic and salt stress or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Moreover, it was shown that the ABA-dependent induction is transient, and that boosting tetrapyrroles biosynthesis through 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) feeding enhanced down-regulation of AtTSPO, suggesting an inherent post-translational regulation mechanism also involving ABA and likely porphyrins. We present additional evidence that ABA can help stabilize constitutively expressed AtTSPO and that ALA feeding to knockout mutant seeds, induces substantial germination delay. Here we discuss the possible link between ABA and tetrapyrroles in AtTSPO expression and post-translational regulation.

Streamwater transit time distributions display a variable proportion of old waters (≥1 year). We hypothesize that the corresponding long transit times result from groundwater contributions to the stream and that seasonal streamwater transit time variations result from (a) the variable contributions of different flowpaths (overland flow, seepage flow and baseflow) and (b) the stratification of groundwater residence times. We develop a parsimonious model to capture the groundwater contribution to the stream discharge and its effect on transient transit times. Infiltration is partitioned according to the aquifer saturation between Boussinesq groundwater flow and overland flow. Time‐variable transit time distributions are obtained with a new 2D particle tracking algorithm. Hydraulic conductivity, total and drainable porosities are calibrated by using discharge and CFC tracer data on a crystalline catchment located in Brittany (France). The calibrated models succeed in reproducing CFCs concentrations and discharge dynamics. The groundwater flow contribution to the stream is controlled by the aquifer hydraulic conductivity, while its age is controlled by the drainable and total porosities. Old groundwater (≥1 year) is the source for approximately 75% of the streamflow with strong seasonal variations (between 40% and 95%). Mean transit times are approximately 13 years, varying between 6 and 20 years, proportional to the groundwater contribution. These seasonal variations are driven by the groundwater versus overland flow partitioning. The stratification of groundwater residence times in the aquifer plays a minor role in the streamwater transit times but is key for the transit time dynamics of the groundwater contribution to the stream. Water entering a catchment as precipitation can take multiple paths with different transit times to the stream. While a significant fraction of water has short transit times (i.e., is “young”) when it reaches the stream, there is also an important contribution of “old” water with long residence times in the subsurface. The age distribution of this old component is important for understanding the resilience of watersheds to climate change, the behavior of persistent pollutants and chemical weathering processes. We developed a model, informed with discharge time series and atmospheric age tracer (CFCs), to constrain the age distribution in both groundwater and streamwater and how they vary seasonally. In our temperate test catchment with crystalline bedrock (Brittany, France), we find that the mean age of streamwater exiting the catchment is approximately 13 years, but varies seasonally from 6 to 20 years as the relative contributions of older groundwater and younger runoff change. Groundwater stratification further influences the mean age of the groundwater contribution arriving at the stream. Hydraulic conductivity controls groundwater flow contributions to streams while porosity directly scales the streamwater mean transit timesSeasonal groundwater contributions to streams modulate the mean transit times dynamics from 6 years at high flows to 20 years at low flowsStratified groundwater ages lead to a significant fraction (>75%) of old water to streamflow (>1 year) Hydraulic conductivity controls groundwater flow contributions to streams while porosity directly scales the streamwater mean transit times Seasonal groundwater contributions to streams modulate the mean transit times dynamics from 6 years at high flows to 20 years at low flows Stratified groundwater ages lead to a significant fraction (>75%) of old water to streamflow (>1 year)

We present a novel approach to pattern aggressive aspect ratio Si/Si1-xGex superlattices on Silicon On Insulator (SOI) wafers. This approach is based on the anisotropic etching of Si/SiGe superlattices with final dimensions down to 30nm, and the isotropic etching of the SiGe selectively to silicon. This isotropic etching was developed in a remote plasma chamber, and in-situ in an Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) reactor.

Les conséquences à long terme des formes sévères de pneumonie à SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) restent méconnues mais le risque de séquelles pulmonaires, de handicap fonctionnel, notamment respiratoire, d’impact psychologique et d’altération de la qualité de vie des patients semble indéniable.

Les traitements spécifiques de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) se sont avérés efficaces dans de nombreux essais randomisés contrôlés. Cependant, en raison de l’effet vasodilatateur pulmonaire de ces traitements, ils peuvent potentiellement entraîner une diminution de la saturation artérielle en oxygène (SaO2) [1]. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer si un pourcentage significatif de patients présentait une diminution de la SaO2 de 3 % ou plus sous l’effet des traitements spécifiques de l’HTAP et si ces patients présentaient des caractéristiques distinctives.

L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer si les données morphologiques des voies aériennes proximales de 3eet 4egénération issues du scanner thoracique réalisé dans le cadre des soins courants permettent de prédire le phénotype « exacerbateur fréquent » chez des patients atteints de BPCO.

Among the strategies developed to improve results in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, increasing the dose of CHOP (cyclophosphamide/ doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone) regimen (dose-intense regimen) and decreasing the duration of cycles (dose-dense regimen) or doing both had been proposed before the rituximab era. With granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support, both regimens are feasible without severe hematologic toxicities. Randomized studies have shown better results than with standard CHOP with longer survivals. However, the addition of rituximab to CHOP (R-CHOP) has also dramatically improved the results without increasing the toxicity. Whether the addition of density or intensity to R-CHOP will continue to improve the results are not known, and preliminary results might challenge this hypothesis. The future benefit for patients with adverse prognostic parameters might not come from dose-dense or dose-intense CHOP-like regimens but from the addition of another drug to R-CHOP.

Brief, cost-contained, and effective psychiatric treatments benefit patients and public health. This naturalistic pilot study examined the effectiveness of a 2-week, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) oriented partial hospital program.

A general and reliable model for charge pumping (CP) proposed recently has been extended to trap depth distributions towards oxides depth. The fundamental features concerning the energy and depth region probed at the Si-SiO2 interface and in the direction of oxides depth are presented in the case of the different basic CP curves. The effect of the electric field is accounted for and its impact on the results is discussed. Then, MOSFET's with HfO2 gate dielectric are studied. Trap depth concentration profiles recorded from devices after different technological processes are presented and discussed.

In this work the transport mechanisms and charge trapping of novel dielectric systems based on semiconductor nano-crystals embedded in a dielectric matrix are studied. In particular, stacked films composed of a thin bottom dielectric (2–4 nm thick SiO2or Si3N4), with an embedded two-dimensional (2-D) array of Si nano-crystals (obtained by low pressure chemical vapor deposition or by annealing of silicon rich oxide) and a thick top dielectric (8 nm-thick SiO2) are investigated. Gate leakage currents, at medium/high electric fields, are examined at temperatures varying between 77 and 473 K. Charge trapping phenomena, occurring at low electric fields, are studied as a function of the stressing gate voltage and the stressing time. Experimental results are explained by means of an elastic tunneling model, which takes into account the main structural characteristics of the Si-dots (size dispersion, density, spatial distribution) as well as the effect of trapped charges in the silicon nano-crystals.

Metalloproteases (MMPs) are likely to be involved in the restructuring events occurring in the testis throughout development. We here demonstrate that membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP, a physiological activator of proMMP-2 under TIMP-2 control, is present within the testis together with MMP-2 and TIMP-2. In the prepubertal testis MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was uniformly distributed, whereas in the adult it was confined to the apical compartment of the tubules, where meiosis and spermiogenesis occur. We further showed that the two cell lineages (somatic and germinal) expressed MT1-MMP and TIMP-2, whereas MMP-2 was of somatic origin. To get a better picture into proMMP-2 activation, use was made of a model of cultured Sertoli cells treated with FSH or co-cultured with germ cells to mimic an immature or a mature developmental period, respectively. We found that follicle-stimulating hormone enhanced the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 but not of MT1-MMP, and promoted the activation of proMMP-2. In co-cultures, a tremendous elevation and activation of MMP-2 was observed, which might relate to the processed MT1-MMP form solely detected in germ cells. That MMP-2 synthesis and activation are under local (germ cells) and hormonal (follicle-stimulating hormone) regulation emphasizes the importance of MMPs in testicular physiology.

Metalloproteases (MMPs) are likely to be involved in the restructuring events occurring in the testis throughout development. We here demonstrate that membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP, a physiological activator of proMMP-2 under TIMP-2 control, is present within the testis together with MMP-2 and TIMP-2. In the prepubertal testis MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was uniformly distributed, whereas in the adult it was confined to the apical compartment of the tubules, where meiosis and spermiogenesis occur. We further showed that the two cell lineages (somatic and germinal) expressed MT1-MMP and TIMP-2, whereas MMP-2 was of somatic origin. To get a better picture into proMMP-2 activation, use was made of a model of cultured Sertoli cells treated with FSH or co-cultured with germ cells to mimic an immature or a mature developmental period, respectively. We found that follicle-stimulating hormone enhanced the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 but not of MT1-MMP, and promoted the activation of proMMP-2. In co-cultures, a tremendous elevation and activation of MMP-2 was observed, which might relate to the processed MT1-MMP form solely detected in germ cells. That MMP-2 synthesis and activation are under local (germ cells) and hormonal (follicle-stimulating hormone) regulation emphasizes the importance of MMPs in testicular physiology.

In this work we will give a detailed account of the charging/discharging phenomena occurring in semiconductor nano-crystal memories. Memory transfer characteristics and write/ erase transient characteristics are studied for devices with different technological parameters. Experimental results are explained by means of a semi-classical model, based on a modified current continuity approach. This model depicts the effect of the tunnel/top dielectric thickness, dot recovered area and programming voltage on the device performance.

L’IRM cardiaque revêt une importance grandissante dans l’évaluation et le suivi des maladies vasculaires pulmonaires.

A new strain of rat, the IPL nude rat, derived by spontaneous mutation from the Sprague-Dawley strain, is characterized by a lack of hair, delayed puberty and a total lack of lactation. To characterize partially the endocrine system in this rat, serum levels of prolactin (Prl), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and corticosterone were quantified. The content of gonadotropins and Prl in the pituitary gland was also measured. Blood samples were collected following decapitation or by cardiac puncture after ether or ketamine anesthesia. Serum levels of Prl were decreased by approximately 50% in IPL nude compared to normal Sprague-Dawley rats, regardless of the method used for collection of the samples. There were also significantly reduced levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in the serum collected from IPL nude rats. Levels of corticosterone in serum were similar in IPL nude and normal rats. There was the same relative response to anesthesia in the levels of all the hormones measured when the data from IPL nude and normal rats were compared. The quantities of LH, FSH and Prl contained in the pituitary of the IPL nude rats were not significantly different from those observed in normal rats.These data suggest that the serum hormone deficiencies observed in the nude IPL rat may be due to an altered regulation of hormone production by hypothalamic factors.

Au terme d'une revue de la littérature, la fréquence, l'étiologie les formes principales des dysfonctions cranio-mandibulaires (D.C.M.) sont envisagées. Les auteurs montrent l'intérêt d'une réhabilitation occlusale dans certains cas de D.C.M. par le biais de l'orthopédie dentofaciale. Des protocoles de traitements pluridisciplinaires (orthopédie, orthodontie, chirurgie) seront nécessaires pour la correction des dysfonctions cranio-mandibulaires. L'orthodontie a un double objectif : esthétique et fonctionnel. Les auteurs confirment le rôle de l'orthodontiste dans le dépistage des D.C.M.

In this study, aimed at investigating whether dopaminergic regulation of prolactin could be implicated in the hypoprolactinaemia observed in the IPL nude rat, dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin was suppressed using a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor α-methyltyrosine (MT) and a dopaminergic antagonist sulpiride.Adult male rats (IPL nude and normal) were injected through implanted atrial cannulae with either MT (250 mg/kg) or physiological saline (control). Rats were decapitated 2 h after the injection. Plasma prolactin levels, compared with basal values, increased by 15·6 ± 1·9 (s.e.m.)- and 5·89 ± 0·6-fold in IPL nude and normal rats respectively. This difference was highly significant. The pituitary prolactin content was decreased in both groups.In a second experiment, adult male IPL nude or normal rats were injected with either sulpiride (1 mg/kg) or saline and decapitated 2, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 24 h later. Plasma prolactin levels, compared with basal values, were increased in rats injected with sulpiride by 9·2 ± 1·8 and 3·4 ± 0·7-fold in IPL nude and normal rats respectively. The pituitary prolactin content was reduced more in IPL nude than in normal sulpiride-injected rats. These data suggest that prolactin secretion, as well as synthesis, is under an increased dopaminergic inhibition in the male IPL nude rat.J. Endocr.(1985) 107,325–329

IPL (Institut Pasteur, Lyon) nude, hypoprolactinemic rats exhibit delayed puberty and a complete lack of lactation. To characterize the secretion of circulating forms of prolactin (PRL) of these rats, PRL concentrations were measured in serum and pituitaries of males and females under various physiological conditions. Two assay methods, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a sensitive bioassay (NB2BA) were employed. Normal rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were tested simultaneously, as controls.The pituitary content of PRL, estimated either by RIA or by NB2BA, in IPL nude males and females was similar to that of normal male and female rats. On the contrary, serum PRL levels of IPL male rats, measured by RIA or NB2BA, were significantly reduced when compared to normal rats. In both groups, there was a close correlation between the results obtained by the two methods, the NB2BA estimates being higher. However, the NB2BA/RIA ratio was significantly decreased in serum from IPL nude rats compared to controls, indicating that the circulating form of PRL was less bioactive in this group.Castrated male rats injected with estradiol showed sharply increased PRL values as estimated by RIA or NB2BA. The increase was greater (35-fold) in IPL nude rats then in normal rats (9-fold), but these increases resulted in serum PRL levels being similar in the two groups. However, the NB2BA/RIA ratio remained significantly reduced in IPL nude rats.In female rats, PRL was measured during different physiological states: estrus, diestrus, proestrus at 1000, 1200, and 1600 h and Days 1 and 21 of gestation and 2 days postpartum. PRL estimates by NB2BA or RIA in IPL nude rats were decreased in all conditions, although the differences were not significant. However, the NB2 BA/RIA ratio was significantly decreased on the day of diestrus (1 ± 0.2 and 3.09 ± 0.52) for IPL nude and normal rats, respectively, during the day of estrus (2.06 ± 0.34 and 3.78 ± 0.54) and in the post-partum period (1.08 ± 0.14 and 2.17 ± 0.24) for IPL nude and normal rats, respectively.Serum rat placental lactogen II (rPL2) values were found to be similar in both groups of rats, perhaps accounting for normal mammary gland development during gestation in this new rat strain.We conclude that circulating PRL biopotency in IPL nude rats is sharply decreased. The relative bioactivity, as representated by NB2BA/RIA ratio, was not corrected by estradiol injection, at least in the male rats. These findings could contribute to an understanding of the endocrine characteristics of this rat strain.

Plusieurs gènes ont été impliqués dans le développement de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire héritable (HTAPh). Le gène TBX4 joue un rôle lors de l’organogenèse de l’arbre bronchique et des membres inférieurs. Si l’importance des mutations du gène TBX4 est connue depuis 2002 dans le syndrome coxo-podo-patellaire, son implication dans l’HTAPh n’a été identifiée qu’en 2013. Actuellement, il existe peu de données concernant les patients atteints d’HTAPh avec mutation du gène TBX4.

Des cas d’hypertension pulmonaire (HTP) ont été décrits dans la littérature chez des patients traités par léflunomide. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la possible imputabilité du leflunomide dans la survenue de cas d’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) à partir des données du registre français de l’HTP.

•Real life use of Hemospray®, during urgent endoscopies outside working hours, by mobile on-call endoscopists, has yet to be described.•The use of Hemospray® by our group was stable after becoming available and did not increase with the endoscopists experience.•Hemospray® was mostly used for upper GIB (95.0%), nearly half of which were due to PUD (47.7%).•Hemospray® was used as salvage therapy in 60.8% of cases. During follow up, 39.9% had recurrence. At 30 days of follow-up, mortality rate was 28.4%.•40.5% of our patients did not require a further intervention and were alive at day 30 of follow-up, despite being severely ill.