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Intestinal microbiota plays significant roles in the physiology and functioning of their host organisms. However, there is limited knowledge of the evolution and genetic of microbiota-host relationships from wild ancestors to modern domesticated species. In this study, the 16S rRNA gene V3 -V4 was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing in the intestinal contents of different pig breeds which were then compared. This identified 18 323 amplicon sequence variants, of which the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla and Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum genera were most prevalent in wild pigs (WP). In contrast, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated in Chinese Shanxi Black pigs (CSB), while Firmicutes were the most prevalent phylum in Large White pigs (LW) and Iberian pigs (IB), followed by Bacteroidetes in IB and Proteobacteria in LW. At the genus level, Shigella and Lactobacillus were most prevalent in CSB and LW, while Actinobacillus and Sarcina predominated in IB. Differential gene expression together with phylogenetic and functional analyses indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of microbial taxa between different pig breeds. Although many microbial taxa were common to both wild and domestic pigs, significant diversification was observed in bacterial genes that may influence host phenotypic traits. Overall, these findings suggested that both the composition and functional of the microbiota were closely associated with the domestication and resultant genetic and evolutionary changes in the host. The members of the microbial communities were vertically transmitted in pigs, with evidence of co-evolution of both the hosts and their intestinal microbial communities. These results enhance our understanding and appreciation of the complex interactions between intestinal microbes and hosts and highlight the importance of applying this knowledge in agricultural and microbiological research.

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a primary regulator of the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocyte/macrophage that sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Considering current advances in understanding the role of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, targeting the components of the sarcoma microenvironment, such as TAMs, is a viable strategy. Here, we investigated the effect of PLX3397 (pexidartinib) as a potent inhibitor of the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). PLX3397 was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat tenosynovial giant cell tumor and reprogram TAMs whose infiltration correlates with unfavorable prognosis of sarcomas. First, we confirmed by cytokine arrays of tumor-conditioned media (TCM) that cytokines including CSF1 are secreted from LM8 osteosarcoma cells and NFSa fibrosarcoma cells. The TCM, like CSF1, stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs), polarized BMDMs toward an M2 (TAM-like) phenotype, and strikingly promoted BMDM chemotaxis. In vitro administration of PLX3397 suppressed pERK1/2 stimulation by CSF1 or TCM, and reduced M2 polarization, survival, and chemotaxis in BMDMs. Systemic administration of PLX3397 to the osteosarcoma orthotopic xenograft model significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, and thus improved metastasis-free survival. PLX3397 treatment concurrently depleted TAMs and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and, surprisingly, enhanced infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the microenvironments of both primary and metastatic osteosarcoma sites. Our preclinical results show that PLX3397 has strong macrophage- and T-cell–modulating effects that may translate into cancer immunotherapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) epitomizes a deadly cancer driven by abnormal KRAS signaling. Here, we show that the eIF4A RNA helicase is required for translation of key KRAS signaling molecules and that pharmacological inhibition of eIF4A has single-agent activity against murine and human PDAC models at safe dose levels. EIF4A was uniquely required for the translation of mRNAs with long and highly structured 5′ untranslated regions, including those with multiple G-quadruplex elements. Computational analyses identified these features in mRNAs encoding KRAS and key downstream molecules. Transcriptome-scale ribosome footprinting accurately identified eIF4A-dependent mRNAs in PDAC, including critical KRAS signaling molecules such as PI3K, RALA, RAC2, MET, MYC, and YAP1. These findings contrast with a recent study that relied on an older method, polysome fractionation, and implicated redox-related genes as eIF4A clients. Together, our findings highlight the power of ribosome footprinting in conjunction with deep RNA sequencing in accurately decoding translational control mechanisms and define the therapeutic mechanism of eIF4A inhibitors in PDAC.Significance:These findings document the coordinate, eIF4A-dependent translation of RAS-related oncogenic signaling molecules and demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of eIF4A blockade in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

In this communication, we report the scanning manipulation on radiation beams with an active metamaterial (MTM) antenna using p-i-n diode switches. Thanks to the MTM antenna possessing periodical configuration with isolated units, p-i-n diodes in each unit are capable of being actuated individually with OFF/ON-states (coding sequences 0/1), equivalently tuning the phase constant $\beta $ of each cell either in state $\beta _{0}$ or state $\beta _{1}$ . Therefore, for MTM array with a certain number of units, we can obtain plenty of tunable states presented via digitally coding sequence combinations, thereby manipulating beam scanning in a fixed frequency band. Especially, for the first time, we propose the digitally modulated array factor (DMAF) method for the MTM array: introducing unit-cell dispersion curves of both 0/1 states to the array factor, thus, map the digitally coding sequences linearly to the scanning beams at a fixed frequency, resulting in scanning functionalities. Experiments are implemented with applying micro-control-unit (MCU) to the active MTM antenna for driving p-i-n diodes, and measurements demonstrate beam scanning continuously from −30° to +30° at fixed frequencies around 5 GHz, validating the proposed method.

Large mode area (LMA) fibers are widely used in high power fiber lasers to solve the nonlinear problems. In this work, a Nd3+-doped phosphate glass LMA fiber with heterogeneous helical claddings (HHC) is fabricated successfully by rod in tube method for the first time. The performance of the preform glass was matched well and suitable for drawing the fiber, and the related fabrication method is helpful for other special structure fiber fabrication. The fiber performance such as loss and gain coefficients are both tested and compared respectively. The experiment results show that the loss coefficient α will increase with the decrease of Λ (helix pitch) or r (fiber core radius), furtherly, the net gain coefficient g will become larger with the increase of r or Λ. The experiment results are beneficial to the HHC fiber design furtherly. As the HHC fiber has an all-solid-state structure, it is easy to fabricate relatively and convenient for cutting, splicing, etc. Thus, the HHC fiber will have potential applications in the field of fiber lasers.

Currently, a significant portion of sustained economic growth still depends on a high input of resources. We must fully understand the significance, difficulty, and long-term nature of resource conservation and environmental protection. We must also intensify our efforts to protect the ecological environment. We must gradually form a production mode, lifestyle, and consumption mode conducive to environmental protection. We must also establish a benign interactive relationship with the environment. This study offers a big data analysis and neural network integration optimization design strategy for a new kind of environmental and economic coordination prediction model. The data of the new type of environmental and economic impact with numerous parameters are preprocessed using big data analysis and principal component analysis. A neural network integration system is used to create the prediction model, and prediction research and error analysis are conducted to enhance the new kind of environmental and economic model. The simulation test analysis is completed lastly. According to the simulation findings, the proposed arithmetic has an accuracy that is 8.56% higher than that of the conventional arithmetic. A sustainable improvement management system with environmental objectives, environmental management planning plans, and environmental monitoring systems can be established with help from the new environmental and economic coordination prediction model, which can also assist in predicting the potential environmental impact caused by economic development activities. This will ensure sustainable development as a result of the mechanism.

Metamaterial (MTM) operating on zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) is intrinsically suitable for programmable manipulation: It possesses isolated and periodical configuration capable of individually tuning with employed active element PIN diodes; the ZOR is independent of physical length, providing the freedom to utilize an arbitrary unit cell number. Though realizing versatile functionalities, programmable manipulation is not essentially uniform, and even resonance blindness occurs, since the MTM is usually limited to several units for compact size, and more especially, PIN diodes are utilized as an active element with two discrete states 0/1. In this letter, we study the transition zone where the equivalent impedance of PIN diodes is nonlinear to the supplying voltage between 0.6 and 0.7 V. Taking advantages of this nonlinearity, with a compact two-unit-cell MTM, we achieve the programmable functionalities with uniform manipulation without resonance blindness. The proposed programmable ZOR (PZOR) splitting the spectrum into narrow-bandwidth (NB) channels can be applied to NB Internet of Things for 5G in the near future. Moreover, the PZOR with the active element PIN diode needs only less than 1 V supplying voltage, which is significantly lower than other active elements such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or varactors.

Actinobacterial 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase reversibly catalyzes the thiamine diphosphate-dependent cleavage of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA to formyl-CoA and acetone. This enzyme has great potential for use in synthetic one-carbon assimilation pathways for sustainable production of chemicals, but lacks details of substrate binding and reaction mechanism for biochemical reengineering. We determined crystal structures of the tetrameric enzyme in the closed conformation with bound substrate, covalent postcleavage intermediate, and products, shedding light on active site architecture and substrate interactions. Together with molecular dynamics simulations of the covalent precleavage complex, the complete catalytic cycle is structurally portrayed, revealing a proton transfer from the substrate acyl Cβ hydroxyl to residue E493 that returns it subsequently to the postcleavage Cα-carbanion intermediate. Kinetic parameters obtained for mutants E493A, E493Q, and E493K confirm the catalytic role of E493 in the WT enzyme. However, the 10- and 50-fold reduction in lyase activity in the E493A and E493Q mutants, respectively, compared with WT suggests that water molecules may contribute to proton transfer. The putative catalytic glutamate is located on a short α-helix close to the active site. This structural feature appears to be conserved in related lyases, such as human 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2. Interestingly, a unique feature of the actinobacterial 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase is a large C-terminal lid domain that, together with active site residues L127 and I492, restricts substrate size to ≤C5 2-hydroxyacyl residues. These details about the catalytic mechanism and determinants of substrate specificity pave the ground for designing tailored catalysts for acyloin condensations for one-carbon and short-chain substrates in biotechnological applications.

Phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase, PptH (Rv2795c), is a recently discovered enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that removes 4′-phosphopantetheine (Ppt) from holo-carrier proteins (CPs) and thereby opposes the action of phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases). PptH is the first structurally characterized enzyme of the phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase family. However, conditions for optimal activity of PptH have not been defined, and only one substrate has been identified. Here, we provide biochemical characterization of PptH and demonstrate that the enzyme hydrolyzes Ppt in vitro from more than one M. tuberculosis holo-CP as well as holo-CPs from other organisms. PptH provided the only detectable activity in mycobacterial lysates that dephosphopantetheinylated acyl carrier protein M (AcpM), suggesting that PptH is the main Ppt hydrolase in M. tuberculosis. We could not detect a role for PptH in coenzyme A (CoA) salvage, and PptH was not required for virulence of M. tuberculosis during infection of mice. It remains to be determined why mycobacteria conserve a broadly acting phosphohydrolase that removes the Ppt prosthetic group from essential CPs. We speculate that the enzyme is critical for aspects of the life cycle of M. tuberculosis that are not routinely modeled. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was the leading cause of death from an infectious disease before COVID, yet the in vivo essentiality and function of many of the protein-encoding genes expressed by M. tuberculosis are not known. We biochemically characterize M. tuberculosis’s phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase, PptH, a protein unique to mycobacteria that removes an essential posttranslational modification on proteins involved in synthesis of lipids important for the bacterium’s cell wall and virulence. We demonstrate that the enzyme has broad substrate specificity, but it does not appear to have a role in coenzyme A (CoA) salvage or virulence in a mouse model of TB.

Purpose The three positron emission tomography (PET) imaging compounds: (2S,4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln), L-[methyl-11C]Methionine ([11C]Met), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) were investigated to contrast their ability to image orthotopic BT4C gliomas in BDIX rats. Two separate small animal imaging systems were compared for their tumor detection potential. Dynamic acquisition of [18F]FGln was evaluated with multiple pharmacokinetic models for future quantitative comparison. Procedures Up to four imaging studies were performed on each orthotopically grafted BT4C glioma-bearing BDIX rat subject (n = 16) on four consecutive days. First, a DOTAREM® contrast enhanced MRI followed by attenuation correction CT and dynamic PET imaging with each radiopharmaceutical (20 min [11C]Met, 60 min [18F]FDG, and 60 min [18F]FGln with either the Molecubes PET/CT (n = 5) or Inveon PET/CT cameras (n = 11). Ex vivo brain autoradiography was completed for each radiopharmaceutical and [18F]FGln pharmacokinetics were studied by injecting 40 MBq into healthy BDIX rats (n = 10) and collecting blood samples between 5 and 60 min. Erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding and plasma parent-fraction were combined to estimate the total blood bioavailability of [18F]FGln over time. The corrected PET-image blood data was then applied to multiple pharmacokinetic models. Results Average BT4C tumor-to-healthy brain tissue uptake ratios (TBR) for PET images reached maxima of: [18F]FGln TBR: 1.99 ± 0.19 (n = 13), [18F]FDG TBR: 1.41 ± 0.11 (n = 6), and [11C]Met TBR: 1.08 ± 0.08, (n = 12) for the dynamic PET images. Pharmacokinetic modeling in dynamic [18F]FGln studies suggested both reversible and irreversible uptake play a similar role. Imaging with Inveon and Molecubes yielded similar end-result ratios with insignificant differences (p > 0.25). Conclusions In orthotopic BT4C gliomas, [18F]FGln may offer improved imaging versus [11C]Met and [18F]FDG. No significant difference in normalized end-result data was found between the Inveon and Molecubes camera systems. Kinetic modelling of [18F]FGln uptake suggests that both reversible and irreversible uptake play an important role in BDIX rat pharmacokinetics.

A phased array antenna system with the beam scanning function for the Sub-6 outdoor CPE is presented. The antenna element consists of a pair of dipoles, and the operating frequency is 2.49-3.8 GHz. The gain of a single antenna unit is greater than 8.5 dBi, having 41.5% (VSWR 20 dB). The antenna array consisting of eight antenna elements supports the same coverage frequency band. A phase shifter based on the vector multiplier is designed in order to realize the electrical down-tilt of the antenna beam, which can realize 0-360° continuous phase control for a single channel. When eight channels work together, the antenna array can achieve ±40° electrically down tilt in the V-plane. The antenna array has broad bandwidth, and can adjust the pattern electronically to match different application scenarios.

This paper designs a K-band six-port receiving circuit for millimeter wave application. The six-port circuit is cascaded by a Wilkinson power splitter and three orthogonal circular slot couplers. This architecture ensures the phase consistency of the six-port junction, and at the same time, the ground planes of the two output ports at the bottom of the power splitter are opened with annular slots to improve the return loss of the input ports. The working frequency band of the six-port junction is 20.65~27.6 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 29.2%. The isolation of the two input ports of the six-port junction is lower than -15dB in the whole working frequency band, and the maximum isolation is -37.3dB. For the traditional six-port circuit, the port circuit designed in this article is small in size, has high input port isolation and is easy to integrate with planar circuits, and can be well applied in the millimeter wave application.

A millimeter-wave hybrid beamforming-based (HBF) transceiver designed for small cell has been presented in this paper. A large-scale array for massive MIMO is divided into several subarrays. Every subarray has 16 active elements and adopts analog beamforming to save the number of digital processing channels. A dual-polarized antenna in package (AiP) architecture is constructed to implement each subarray, which operates from 23.2 to 28.3 GHz in vertical polarization and from 23.4 to 27.5 GHz in horizontally polarization. By using multiple AiP subarrays, the transceiver has a maximum transmit linear power more than 33 dBm and a receive sensitivity of -76 dBm. The proposed transceiver can meet the need of small cell well and achieve miniaturization, large capacity and high-data rate.

A high-isolation eight-antenna multi-input multi-output (MIMO) array operating in the 3.5 GHz band (3.4–3.6 GHz) for future smartphones is proposed. Here, a novel balanced open-slot antenna is designed as an array antenna element, in which this antenna design can yield a balanced slot mode (with reduced ground effects) that can enhance the isolation between two adjacent input ports. Furthermore, by meticulously arranging the positions of the eight antenna elements, desirable polarization diversity can also be successfully achieved, which further mitigates the coupling between antenna elements. A prototype was manufactured to validate the simulation. A good impedance matching (return loss > 10 dB), high isolation (>17.5 dB), high total efficiency (>62%), and low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC

A dual-functional antenna array operating in the long term evolution (LTE) band 42 (3.4-3.6 GHz) and 5.8-GHz wireless wide area network (WLAN) band (5.725-5.875 GHz) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications in 5G smartphones is proposed. The proposed 8-antenna array is composed of two different antenna elements, namely, the folded L-shaped antenna and couple-fed U-shaped antenna. It can be applied in the 8 × 8 (by using 8 antenna elements) and 4 × 4 (by using 4 antenna elements) MIMO system across the LTE band 42 and 5.8-GHz WLAN band, respectively. The quasi-orthogonal polarization, balanced mode excitation and pattern diversity are properly used to achieve high isolation within the operation bands. A prototype of the proposed antenna array was fabricated and measured. The measured isolations in the LTE band 42 (6-dB impedance matching) and 5.8-GHz WLAN band (10-dB impedance matching) are better than 17.1 dB and 34.6 dB, respectively. The total efficiencies are 45%-62% and 52%-59% in the two operation bands, respectively. Besides, the measured envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) are less than 0.045 and 0.0001, the calculated peak ergodic channel capacities are 37.9 bps/Hz and 19.3 bps/Hz in the 8 × 8 or 4 × 4 MIMO system across the operation bands. Furthermore, user's hand and head effects are investigated and desirable results are obtained. The above results show that this proposed antenna array is a good candidate for MIMO applications in smartphones.

Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) antennas for 5G mobile terminals require a wide bandwidth, large-angle beam scanning, low-profile design, and multi-substrate compatibility for module-level integration. In this paper, we propose one candidate design employing a patch structure with the shorting pin to particularly generate extra zero modes. By taking advantages of the 2nd zero-mode with the TM01 mode, we can obtain a wide bandwidth covering 23.5~28 GHz, a large-angle beam scanning with ±60°, as well as keep the substrate as low profile as 0.508 mm. Thanks to the zero-mode induced patch-type design, it is compatible to multi-layer configuration possessing the extensibility and flexibility for further module design. We experimentally valid the design of a 4 × 2 array with multi-layer configuration in a cell phone environment. Good RF performances with ±60° scanning in the wide bandwidth indicate this proposed design can be an appropriate candidate for 5G mobile terminals.

In this paper, a K-band antenna with ±60° beam scanning is proposed for a mmWave (millimeter-Wave) radar sensor. Especially, we take advantages of the magnetic dipole principle, and design the antenna by employing via holes in three sides, so as to form a cavity which can be equivalently considered as magnetic dipole, resulting in the 3 dB beam width as wide as 140° in E-plane. We cascade the mmWave antenna to 1×4 and 4×4 arrays for radar transmitting and receiving, respectively. The antenna array is fabricated and implemented to a K-band radar and its wide-angle beam scanning performance is evaluated by the radar's distance and angular detections.

Wind profile radar system needs multibeam antenna with high gain, low sidelobe and dual-polarization to detect turbulence. An electronically beam-switching shaped dielectric lens with these features at 24 GHz for wind profile radar is presented in this paper. This lens antenna includes coma-correction zoning dielectric lens, 2*2 corrugated horn feed array, microstrip-to-waveguide transducer, and beam-switching control circuit. This multibeam lens antenna system can realize beam deflection of ±10° and dual-polarization with the maximum gain of 31 dBi and the sidelobe of -25 dBi.

A dual-band antenna is proposed for the 5G millimeter-wave system. The proposed structure consists of two metallic layers and one dielectric substrate including a U-slot patch with additional slots. Dual-band characteristic is produced using slotted patch method. For proposed antenna, an impedance bandwidth (S11< -10 dB) of 5.3 GHz (18.9 %) and 3.3 GHz (8.7 %) is achieved with the average gain of 8.9 dB and 8.6 dB at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The radiation patterns and realized gain of the proposed antenna are also presented.

In this paper, a wideband SIW slot antenna for millimeter frequency band is designed. The method of etching irregular rectangular grooves on the top of the integrated waveguide of the substrate and loading short-circuit pins realizes the broadband of the antenna and improves the gain of the antenna. Grounded coplanar waveguide(GCPW) feeding to obtain better matching; the working frequency band of the antenna is 20-26.8GHz, the relative bandwidth is 28.3%, and the antenna gain is 10.1dB. For the traditional slot antenna, the slot antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) designed in this paper has a wider impedance bandwidth and can be used in millimeter wave communications.

This work presents a wideband phased array antenna covering X-band (8–12 GHz) space communications and searching missions. This phased array antenna is capable of performing large angle beam-scanning and beamforming especially when the spacecraft may suffer very limited field of view to the satellites or ground stations in the re-entry stage. The phased array adopts a plug-and-play antenna-in-package design concept to simplify the testing and maintenance works.

The report of the 19th national congress points out that from now on to 2020 is the decisive period for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, while PPP project investment involves 19 industries, such as transportation, comprehensive development of cities and towns, education, health care, pension, etc., providing more convenience and services for people’s life. At present, the amount of investment in PPP projects in China is relatively large, and the cumulative investment is more than 13 trillion yuan. China’s PPP projects have formed the largest PPP market in the world. The promotion of PPP model is conducive to solving the problem of funds shortage of local governments, but the poor application of PPP model will lead to debt risk, even financial risk. This paper first analyzes the current situation of PPP model in China, then uses VAR model to quantify the debt risk loss caused by PPP projects, and local governments should prepare corresponding reserve funds to prevent the loss. Finally, in view of the debt risk, it puts forward some policy suggestions, such as the establishment of PPP project feasibility analysis, implementation process supervision, performance evaluation, and risk prevention mechanism.

Along with the explosive development of the Internet, the domestic consumer’s consumption level unceasing enhancement, more and more to pursue high quality life, in order to meet the needs of their own and vanity and living out of a way of shopping - overseas procurement agent. Because of the explosive growth of overseas procurement agent, there are also many problems, so it is very important to standardize law and institutionalize the overseas procurement agent behaviors. Based on overseas procurement agent tax reform the necessity of the implementation of the new deal as the research subject, firstly describes the present situation of overseas procurement agent at home and abroad, mainly through the analysis of existing problems for overseas procurement agent behavior and overseas procurement agent tax reform the superiority of the new deal implementation and influence, clearly put forward the necessity of overseas procurement agent tax reform new deal implementation. Second, to overseas procurement agent problem which caused by the tax reform after implementation of the new deal to make further analysis, and cross-border electricity enterprise itself from the government management and so on different levels and a new modeling and analysis method for foreign tax reform demand is established. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.

Millimeter wave (mmWave) antennas for 5G communication require wide bandwidth, directional radiation patterns, low-profile design and multi-layer compatibility for module-level integration. In this paper, we introduce a method of loading shorting pins to a patch antenna to generate extra zero-modes. By merging the 2nd zero-mode, TM01 mode, 3rd zero-mode and TM20 mode in the frequency spectrum, a wide bandwidth varying from 23 to 34 GHz (relative bandwidth of 38.6%) and with a low-profile of 0.762 mm (0.07λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at a middle frequency of 28.5 GHz) can be obtained. Based on this wideband patch antenna, a 4 × 2 antenna array is obtained with the ±40° scanning performance. Theoretical analysis, full-wave simulations and experimental performances are presented, validating the effectiveness of this method to achieve a wideband performance in a mmWave band. It can be applied to 5G communication systems using mmWave bands.

In this paper, a wideband eight‐element antenna array operating in the 5G (Fifth‐generation) NR (New Radio) frequency bands N77/N78/N79 (3300‐5000 MHz), LTE (Long Term Evolution) band 46 (5150‐5925 MHz), and EU (European Union) 5G band of 5900 to 6400 MHz for 8 × 8 MIMO (Multi‐Input Multi‐Output) operation in the future 5G mobile terminal is presented. The proposed eight antenna elements are all co‐coupled‐fed IFA (Inverted‐F antenna)/loop structure, and are divided into two same sub‐arrays which printed on the inner surface of two long frames of the mobile terminal, respectively. All the simulated and measured results present consecutive 6‐dB impedance bandwidth of 3200 to 6500 MHz, acceptable isolations (better than 12 dB), and good total efficiencies (more than 50%). Besides, the proposed wideband 8‐antenna MIMO system has also shown good MIMO performances with ECCs (envelope correlation coefficient) are all lower than 0.08, and ergodic channel capacities are all higher than 37.8 bps/Hz within the entire desired operation bands. In addition, the hand phantom effects are also investigated. The prototype of the proposed wideband eight‐element antenna array is fabricated and measured, and a quite good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained.

A millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar imaging radar system is built, which is used to research on shallow surface imaging technology. The principle of near-field millimeter-wave imaging is analyzed. By detecting the hidden target under different complex materials, the imaging performance and penetration performance of the millimeter wave imaging system are studied and verified. Measured results show that millimeter-wave has its unique advantages in shallow surface imaging, such as higher range resolution and azimuth resolution, and the equipment is more miniaturized and safer.

A wideband one-dimensional tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) with enhanced impedance matching is presented in this letter, which consists of eight printed dipole units, a coplanar waveguide with ground feeding network, and two rows of parasitic strips. The feed structure is simple and small with good ports isolation. A $1\times 8$ prototype was fabricated and tested. A four-channel phase-amplitude control board was designed to validate the beam-steering function of the proposed TCDA. This array has a height of only $0.176\;\lambda_{\text{low}}$ , and it exhibits a measured 10 dB return-loss operating bandwidth of 92.7% from 2.2 to 6.0 GHz for the scan angle up to $\pm 45^{\circ }$ broadside radiation. The cross-polarization suppression level is better than 15 dB in the whole scanning range. The measured results show high gains $>$ 6.9 dBi, high efficiency $>$ 67%, and low sidelobe level (SLL) $ $-$ 10 dB over the operating band and scanning angles. This antenna array can be applied in the future massive multiple-input–multiple-output beamforming systems for 5G and other applications.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can be identified with metagenomic analyses comparing relatively pristine and human-impacted environments. We collected samples from 3 different environments: glacial soil little affected by anthropogenic activity, deep permafrost dated to 5821 BP (before human antibiotics), and sediment from the Pearl River. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones were common in the sediment samples. Sulfonamides and tetracycline were not found in permafrost; tetracycline was also not found in glacial soil. ARGs from the sediment were more abundant and diverse than those from glacial soil and permafrost. More types of resistance mechanisms were also present in the sediment. The diversity of MGEs was significantly correlated with the abundance and diversity of ARGs. The result will help future workers to better understand the distribution of ARGs among environments more or less impacted by anthropogenic activities.

A multi-band 10-antenna array working at the sub-6-GHz spectrum (LTE bands 42/43 and LTE band 46) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications in future 5G smartphones is proposed. To realize $10\times 10$ MIMO applications in three LTE bands, 10 T-shaped coupled-fed slot antenna elements that can excite dual resonant modes are integrated into a system circuit board. Spatial and polarization diversity techniques are implemented on these elements so that the improved isolation and mitigated coupling effects can be achieved. The proposed antenna array was manufactured and experimentally measured. Desirable antenna efficiencies of higher than 42% and 62% were measured in the low band and high band, respectively. Vital results, such as the envelope correlation coefficient, channel capacity, and mean effective gain ratio, have also been computed and analyzed. The calculated ergodic channel capacities of the $10\times 10$ MIMO system working in the LTE bands 42/43 and LTE band 46 reached up to 48 and 51.4 b/s/Hz, respectively.

The design of a novel practical 28 GHz beam steering phased array antenna for future fifth generation mobile device applications is presented in this communication. The proposed array antenna has 16 cavity-backed slot antenna elements that are implemented via the metallic back casing of the mobile device, in which two eight-element phased arrays are built on the left- and right-side edges of the mobile device. Each eight-element phased array can yield beam steering at broadside and gain of >15 dBi can be achieved at boresight. The measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed cavity-backed slot antenna element was approximately 27.5–30 GHz. In addition, the impacts of user’s hand effects are also investigated.