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Background: Adriamycin (ADR) is a widely used chemotherapy drug in clinical practice and it causes toxicity in the myocardium affecting its clinical use. miR-432-5p is a miRNA primarily expressed in myocardial cells and has a protective effect in the myocardium. We aim to explore the protective effect of miR-432-5p on ADR-caused impaired mitochondrial ATP metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs)., Method: The primary cardiomyocytes were obtained from neonatal mice and the ADR was added to cells, meanwhile, a mice model was constructed through intravenous ADR challenge, and expression levels of miR-432-5p were examined. Subsequently, the miR-432-5p was introduced in vitro and in vivo to explore its effect on the activity of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, autophagy, and ER stress. The bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the target of miR-432-5p., Results: ADR decreased the expression of miR-432-5p in cardiomyocytes. It also decreases mitochondrial ATP production and activates the ER stress pathway by increasing the expression of LC3B, Beclin 1, cleaved caspase 3, and induces cardiac toxicity. miR-432-5p exogenous supplementation can reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by ADR, and its protective effect on cardiomyocytes depends on the down-regulation of the RTN3 signaling pathway in ER., Conclusion: ADR can induce the low expression of miR-432-5p, and activate the RTN3 pathway in ER, increase the expression of LC3B, Beclin 1, cleaved caspase 3, CHOP, and RTN3, and induce cardiac toxicity.

Objective: To study the influence of dl-3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) on infarction size in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)., Methods: AMI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. A total of 36 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 180 t, 180 ght, 180 ligation of left anterior descending artery. A total of 36 healthy males were assigned to model group, sham-operation (SO) group, and the NBP group (n=12 each). The rats in the NBP group were treated with intraperitoneal injection administration of 60 mg/kg/body weight NBP once a day. The rats in the other groups were given distilled water of the same volume. The MI area in each group was detected by TTC staining. The concentrations of CK-MB and LDH were detected. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and SOD were measured by ELISA., Results: Compared with the SO group, the myocardial infarct sizes in the model group and the NBP group were significantly increased ( P <0.001), and the infarct size in the NBP group was lower than that in the model group (280.6±5.82% vs. 37.74±10.18%, P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α in the NBP group and model group were significantly increased compared with that in the SO group ( P <0.001), while the level of TNF-α in the NBP group was significantly lower than that in the model group (29.01±0.81 pg/mg prot vs. 37.727 pg/mg prot, P <0.05). The level of IL-6 in the model group and NBP group was significantly higher than that in the SO group, and it was lower than that in the model group (24.13 group wamg prot vs. 27.53 pg/mg prot, P <0.05). The levels of MDA in the model group and the NBP group were significantly higher (<0.001), and the level of NBP group was lower than that of the model group (4.10 group wnmol/mg prot vs. 4.774.774. nmol/mg prot, P <0.05). The levels of SOD in the model group and NBP group were lower ( P <0.001), and the SOD level in the NBP group was higher than that of the model group (53.490.001), and prot vs. 38.068.06he SOD prot ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: NBP can reduce the infarct size in SD rats with AMI., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2020.)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ticagrelor and high-dose clopidogrel on the platelet functions in patients with inadequate response to clopidogrel., Methods: In this prospective, randomized and controlled study, patients who had been diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with inadequate response to clopidogrel in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from July 2015 to June 2016 were enrolled. Inadequate response to clopidogrel was defined as absolute reduction of platelet aggregation rate (PAR) <30% or PAR >70%. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the high-dose group and the ticagrelor group. Clinical information and intervention protocols were compared. The PAR of the two groups were measured at the time of baseline, the 24 th hour, 72 nd hour, and the 7 th day after treatments, the other platelet-related parameters were measured including platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) at the same time points. Besides, the markers of platelet activation human P-selectin (CD62P) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were also recorded to compare. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and the side effects between two groups were followed up for three months., Results: A total of 74 patients were finally enrolled, 38 of whom were assigned to the ticagrelor group and the rest of them to the high-dose clopidogrel group. The baseline clinical and procedural characterists were similar. There were no significant differences in baseline levels of PAR between the two groups [(79.38±11.20)% vs. (73.97±12.74)%, P>0.05]. For both groups, the levels of PAR significantly decreased at each time point (P<0.001). Besides, the levels of PAR in ticagrelor group were lower than those in high-dose clopidogrel group at the 24 th hour, 72 nd hour and 7 th day after treatments: [(25.92±10.31)% vs. (37.95±11.63)%, P<0.001], [(28.02±14.61)% vs. (30.64±10.73)%, P<0.001], [(37.17±11.11)% vs. (36.80±7.26)%, P<0.001]. The baseline levels of platelet related parameters were similar between the two groups (P>0.05), and there were no significant differences in the levels of PLT, PDW, and MPV at the 24 th hour, 72 nd hour and 7 th day. It was lower in ticagrelor group than that in clopidogrel group at the 24 th hour [(5.47±1.03) ng/ml vs. (8.02±1.45) ng/ml, P<0.001] while the CD62P concentrations in the two groups significantly decreased comparing to the baseline levels (P<0.001). During 3-month follow-up, the incidences of MACE and side effects were not significantly different between the two group., Conclusions: ticagrelor could further decrease levels of platelet aggression rate and CD62p compared with high-dose clopidogrel, without serious side effects.

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on renal function in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI)., Methods: Consecutive patients with AHF following AMI were enrolled in this clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive rhBNP (rhBNP group) or nitroglycerin (NIT group). Patients in the rhBNP group received rhBNP 0.15 μg /kg bolus injection after randomization followed by an adjusted-dose (0.0075-0.020 μg/kg/min) for 72 hours, while patients in NIT received infusion of nitroglycerin with an adjusted-dose (10-100 μg/kg/min) for 72 hours in NIT group. Standard clinical and laboratory data were collected. The levels of serum creatinine (SCr), urea, β-2 microglobulin and cystatin C were measured at baseline and repeated at the end of the 24, 48 and 72 hours after infusion. The primary end point was the incidence of acute renal dysfunction, which was defined as an increase in SCr > 0.5 mg/dl (> 44.2 μmol/L) or 25% above baseline SCr value. The occurrence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was followed up for 1 month., Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled, 26 were randomly assigned to rhBNP and 24 to nitroglycerin (NIT). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The baseline concentrations of SCr, urea, β-2 microglobulin and cystatin C at admission were similar in the two groups. However, the concentrations of SCr and urea were significantly higher in rhBNP group than those in NIT group at hour 24 and 48 after treatments (all P < 0.01). For both groups, the concentrations of SCr, urea, β-2 microglobulin and cystatin C were not significant changed compared with baseline levels. The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) at admission were also similar between the two groups. In rhBNP group, levels of SBP and DBP decreased significantly at hour 24, 48 and 72 (all P < 0.05). In NIT group, levels of SBP decreased significantly at hour 48 and 72. The level of SBP at hour 24 and DBP at hour 48 after treatment were lower in rhBNP group than those in NIT group (P < 0.01). The occurrence of MACE was not significantly different. The incidence of acute renal dysfuntion in rhBNP group was higher (9/26 vs. 2/24, P = 0.040). The results of multiple logistic regression found that the use of rhBNP was an independent predictor of acute renal dysfunction in patients with AHF following AMI (OR, 0.162; 95% CI, 0.029 to 0.909; P = 0.039)., Conclusion: the incidence of acute renal dysfuntion in rhBNP group was higher, and the use of rhBNP was an independent predictor of acute renal dysfunction in patients with AHF following AMI. (ChiCTR-IPR-15005796).

Objectives: To investigate whether the administration of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could further limit the infract size, improve left ventricular function, and alleviate cardiac dilation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)., Methods: A total of 93 consecutive patients presenting chest pain within 12 hours from the onset, suspicious of first STEMI located at anterior wall undergoing primary PCI, were eligible for enrollment and randomly assigned to either rhBNP group (rhBNP administration starting at 5 min before PCI, 1.5 µg/kg bolus intravenous injection followed by 0.007 5-0.03 µg·kg(-1)·min(-1) for up to 120 hours, n=48) or nitroglycerin (NIT) group (NIT treatment starting at 5 min before PCI, 10-100 µg/min intravenous infusion for 120 hours, n=45). Primary PCI was performed in both groups using post-conditioning (PC) technique. TIMI flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count, and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade were compared between the two groups at the time of infarct related artery (IRA) re-patency. The levels of serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and troponin I (TnI) were measured. Echocardiography was performed at baseline 7 days and 6 months later., Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The percentage of TIMI grade 3 and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 after PCI both tended to be higher in rhBNP group than those in NIT group (95.8%(46/48) vs. 86.7%(39/45), P=0.162) and (72.9%(35/48) vs. 62.2%(28/45), P=0.500). The corrected TIMI frame count was significantly decreased in rhBNP group (21.0±8.7 vs. 28.2±14.8, P=0.005). The myocardial infarct size expressed as the AUC of CK-MB ((3 249±1 101) U/L vs. (4 474±1 661)U/L, P=0.010) or AUC of TnI ((3 670±942) µg/L vs. (4 541±1 098) µg/L, P=0.021) was significantly decreased in rhBNP group compared with those in NIT group. At 7 days after primary PCI, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) tended to be higher (P>0.05), while the E/e' index and wall motion score index (WMSI) ((11.95±3.31 vs. 14.60±4.09, P=0.030) and (1.74±0.17 vs. 2.40±0.55, P<0.001)) were significantly improved in rhBNP group compared with those in NIT group. BNP level was also significantly lower in rhBNP group compared that in NIT group ((68.3±37.8) ng/L vs. (129.4±64.4) ng/L, P<0.001). During 6-month follow-up, LVEF and WMSI were significantly improved in rhBNP group compared those in NIT group(51.7%±12.7% vs. 46.9%±9.6%, P=0.024 and 1.69±0.35 vs. 1.92±0.47, P=0.020)., Conclusion: Administration of rhBNP before PCI with post-conditioning procedure can further improve myocardial perfusion, limit myocardial infarct size, ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and postpone left ventricular early-stage and long-term remodeling in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiac protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: Both foreign and Chinese databases including PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane library, and CNKI were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of IPC on the myocardial infarction size, myocardial blush grade (MBG), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Two reviews assessed the quality of each trial and extracted data independently. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 4.2.8 software was used for statistical analysis., Results: Twelve studies were identified and the Meta-analysis included a total of 937 patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI with or without IPC. Pooled analysis of all studies demonstrated no significant reductions of peak CK and CK-MB with IPC relative to standard care. A secondary analysis of the studies didn't show improvements of left ventricular ejection fraction during hospitalization with IPC. However, the incidence of MACE within 3 month after primary PCI in IPC group was less than that in the control group (P = 0.04)., Conclusion: No significant benefit of IPC for reduction of myocardial infarct size as determined by peak creatine kinase and CK-MB release, as well as LVEF. The incidence of MACE was improved in patients who received IPC.