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3,600 results on '"Guérin P"'

58. Simulation training on respectful emergency obstetric and neonatal care in north-western Madagascar: a mixed-methods evaluation of an innovative training program

Author

Guérin Benz, Julie, Stancanelli, Giovanna, Zambruni, Monica, Paulin, Manjary Ramasy, Hantavololona, Habéline, Andrianarisoa, Vonimboahangy Rachel, Rakotondrazanany, Harolalaina, de Tejada Weber, Begoña Martinez, Mangeret, Flavia Rosa, Reich, Michael R., Guyer, Anya, and Benski, Caroline

Published
2024
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60. Single-cell multiomics reveals the interplay of clonal evolution and cellular plasticity in hepatoblastoma

Author

Roehrig, Amélie, Hirsch, Theo Z., Pire, Aurore, Morcrette, Guillaume, Gupta, Barkha, Marcaillou, Charles, Imbeaud, Sandrine, Chardot, Christophe, Gonzales, Emmanuel, Jacquemin, Emmanuel, Sekiguchi, Masahiro, Takita, Junko, Nagae, Genta, Hiyama, Eiso, Guérin, Florent, Fabre, Monique, Aerts, Isabelle, Taque, Sophie, Laithier, Véronique, Branchereau, Sophie, Guettier, Catherine, Brugières, Laurence, Fresneau, Brice, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, and Letouzé, Eric

Published
2024
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63. Residual ANTXR1+ myofibroblasts after chemotherapy inhibit anti-tumor immunity via YAP1 signaling pathway

Author

Licaj, Monika, Mhaidly, Rana, Kieffer, Yann, Croizer, Hugo, Bonneau, Claire, Meng, Arnaud, Djerroudi, Lounes, Mujangi-Ebeka, Kevin, Hocine, Hocine R., Bourachot, Brigitte, Magagna, Ilaria, Leclere, Renaud, Guyonnet, Lea, Bohec, Mylene, Guérin, Coralie, Baulande, Sylvain, Kamal, Maud, Le Tourneau, Christophe, Lecuru, Fabrice, Becette, Véronique, Rouzier, Roman, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Gentric, Geraldine, and Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima

Published
2024
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68. Off-fault deformation feedback and strain localization precursor during laboratory earthquakes

Author

Gabriel G. Meyer, Carolina Giorgetti, Simon Guérin-Marthe, and Marie Violay

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Recent large-scale seismological observations have shown that off-fault strain localization and foreshock migration could serve as an early warning of an impending earthquake. However, this process is still largely unknown. In this study, state-of-the-art friction experiments were conducted in a oil-confined biaxial shear apparatus to investigate the link between stick-slip nucleation and off-fault deformation. Our findings indicate that there is a direct link between stick-slip nucleation and off-fault deformation, provided that the fault is conditionally unstable (a − b

Published
2024
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69. Effects of Socioscientific Issues-Based Teaching on Attitudes: Students' Resources as Moderator

Author

Lida T. Klaver, Laurence J. F. Guérin, Patrick H. M. Sins, and Juliette H. Walma van der Molen

Abstract

Engagement with socioscientific issues (SSI) is seen as an important citizenship goal of SSI-based science education. In this experimental study, Dutch students (age 8 to 13) participated in lesson series in which they learned about and discussed SSI, such as issues related to the textile industry and wastewater. Attitudes toward SSI indicating engagement were measured among relatively large experimental (n = 236) and control (n = 192) groups prior to and after the intervention. Multilevel analyses showed a positive effect of SSI-based teaching on collective efficacy and no effects on the other seven attitude components. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effects depended on students' SSI-related resources. Students' profiles for use of sources of knowledge (USK) moderated the effect of condition on self-efficacy and--depending on analysis type--on personal relevance, positive feelings, and collective efficacy. The positive impact occurred mainly for students with low USK. We discuss implications thereof for SSI education.

Published
2024
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70. Combining Two Adversarial Attacks Against Person Re-Identification Systems

Author

Andrade, Eduardo de O., Sampaio, Igor Garcia Ballhausen, Guérin, Joris, and Viterbo, José

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The field of Person Re-Identification (Re-ID) has received much attention recently, driven by the progress of deep neural networks, especially for image classification. The problem of Re-ID consists in identifying individuals through images captured by surveillance cameras in different scenarios. Governments and companies are investing a lot of time and money in Re-ID systems for use in public safety and identifying missing persons. However, several challenges remain for successfully implementing Re-ID, such as occlusions and light reflections in people's images. In this work, we focus on adversarial attacks on Re-ID systems, which can be a critical threat to the performance of these systems. In particular, we explore the combination of adversarial attacks against Re-ID models, trying to strengthen the decrease in the classification results. We conduct our experiments on three datasets: DukeMTMC-ReID, Market-1501, and CUHK03. We combine the use of two types of adversarial attacks, P-FGSM and Deep Mis-Ranking, applied to two popular Re-ID models: IDE (ResNet-50) and AlignedReID. The best result demonstrates a decrease of 3.36% in the Rank-10 metric for AlignedReID applied to CUHK03. We also try to use Dropout during the inference as a defense method.

Published
2023
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71. A fixed-point equation approach for the superdiffusive elephant random walk

Author

Guérin, Hélène, Laulin, Lucile, and Raschel, Kilian

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability, 60E05, 60E10, 60J10, 60G50
Abstract

We study the elephant random walk in arbitrary dimension $d\geq 1$. Our main focus is the limiting random variable appearing in the superdiffusive regime. Building on a link between the elephant random walk and P\'olya-type urn models, we prove a fixed-point equation (or system in dimension two and larger) for the limiting variable. Based on this, we deduce several properties of the limit distribution, such as the existence of a density with support on $\mathbb R^d$ for $d\in\{1,2,3\}$, and we bring evidence for a similar result for $d\geq 4$. We also investigate the moment-generating function of the limit and give, in dimension $1$, a non-linear recurrence relation for the moments., Comment: 38 pages

Published
2023

72. GPTEval: A Survey on Assessments of ChatGPT and GPT-4

Author

Mao, Rui, Chen, Guanyi, Zhang, Xulang, Guerin, Frank, and Cambria, Erik

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

The emergence of ChatGPT has generated much speculation in the press about its potential to disrupt social and economic systems. Its astonishing language ability has aroused strong curiosity among scholars about its performance in different domains. There have been many studies evaluating the ability of ChatGPT and GPT-4 in different tasks and disciplines. However, a comprehensive review summarizing the collective assessment findings is lacking. The objective of this survey is to thoroughly analyze prior assessments of ChatGPT and GPT-4, focusing on its language and reasoning abilities, scientific knowledge, and ethical considerations. Furthermore, an examination of the existing evaluation methods is conducted, offering several recommendations for future research in evaluating large language models.

Published
2023

73. MOFO: MOtion FOcused Self-Supervision for Video Understanding

Author

Ahmadian, Mona, Guerin, Frank, and Gilbert, Andrew

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques have recently produced outstanding results in learning visual representations from unlabeled videos. Despite the importance of motion in supervised learning techniques for action recognition, SSL methods often do not explicitly consider motion information in videos. To address this issue, we propose MOFO (MOtion FOcused), a novel SSL method for focusing representation learning on the motion area of a video, for action recognition. MOFO automatically detects motion areas in videos and uses these to guide the self-supervision task. We use a masked autoencoder which randomly masks out a high proportion of the input sequence; we force a specified percentage of the inside of the motion area to be masked and the remainder from outside. We further incorporate motion information into the finetuning step to emphasise motion in the downstream task. We demonstrate that our motion-focused innovations can significantly boost the performance of the currently leading SSL method (VideoMAE) for action recognition. Our method improves the recent self-supervised Vision Transformer (ViT), VideoMAE, by achieving +2.6%, +2.1%, +1.3% accuracy on Epic-Kitchens verb, noun and action classification, respectively, and +4.7% accuracy on Something-Something V2 action classification. Our proposed approach significantly improves the performance of the current SSL method for action recognition, indicating the importance of explicitly encoding motion in SSL., Comment: Accepted at the NeurIPS 2023 Workshop: Self-Supervised Learning - Theory and Practice

Published
2023

76. Enhancing Dialogue Generation via Dynamic Graph Knowledge Aggregation

Author

Tang, Chen, Zhang, Hongbo, Loakman, Tyler, Lin, Chenghua, and Guerin, Frank

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Incorporating external graph knowledge into neural chatbot models has been proven effective for enhancing dialogue generation. However, in conventional graph neural networks (GNNs), message passing on a graph is independent from text, resulting in the graph representation hidden space differing from that of the text. This training regime of existing models therefore leads to a semantic gap between graph knowledge and text. In this study, we propose a novel framework for knowledge graph enhanced dialogue generation. We dynamically construct a multi-hop knowledge graph with pseudo nodes to involve the language model in feature aggregation within the graph at all steps. To avoid the semantic biases caused by learning on vanilla subgraphs, the proposed framework applies hierarchical graph attention to aggregate graph features on pseudo nodes and then attains a global feature. Therefore, the framework can better utilise the heterogeneous features from both the post and external graph knowledge. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) baselines on dialogue generation. Further analysis also shows that our representation learning framework can fill the semantic gap by coagulating representations of both text and graph knowledge. Moreover, the language model also learns how to better select knowledge triples for a more informative response via exploiting subgraph patterns within our feature aggregation process. Our code and resources are available at https://github.com/tangg555/SaBART., Comment: Accepted by ACL 2023

Published
2023

77. Optimal Vaccination Policy to Prevent Endemicity: A Stochastic Model

Author

Foutel-Rodier, Félix, Charpentier, Arthur, and Guérin, Hélène

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

We examine here the effects of recurrent vaccination and waning immunity on the establishment of an endemic equilibrium in a population. An individual-based model that incorporates memory effects for transmission rate during infection and subsequent immunity is introduced, considering stochasticity at the individual level. By letting the population size going to infinity, we derive a set of equations describing the large scale behavior of the epidemic. The analysis of the model's equilibria reveals a criterion for the existence of an endemic equilibrium, which depends on the rate of immunity loss and the distribution of time between booster doses. The outcome of a vaccination policy in this context is influenced by the efficiency of the vaccine in blocking transmissions and the distribution pattern of booster doses within the population. Strategies with evenly spaced booster shots at the individual level prove to be more effective in preventing disease spread compared to irregularly spaced boosters, as longer intervals without vaccination increase susceptibility and facilitate more efficient disease transmission. We provide an expression for the critical fraction of the population required to adhere to the vaccination policy in order to eradicate the disease, that resembles a well-known threshold for preventing an outbreak with an imperfect vaccine. We also investigate the consequences of unequal vaccine access in a population and prove that, under reasonable assumptions, fair vaccine allocation is the optimal strategy to prevent endemicity., Comment: 51 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

78. Weighted averages of $\ell^p$ sequences

Author

Bouthat, Ludovick, Mashreghi, Javad, and Morneau-Guérin, Frédéric

Subjects
Mathematics - Functional Analysis, 47A63, 26D15
Abstract

The objective of the present paper is to establish three Hardy-type inequalities in which the arithmetic mean over a sequence of non-negative real numbers is replaced by some weighted arithmetic mean over some nested subsets of the given sequence of numbers. One of these inequalities stems from a calculation in a paper of Bouthat and Mashreghi on semi-infinite matrices.

Published
2023

79. On a question of Erd\H{o}s on doubly stochastic matrices

Author

Bouthat, Ludovick, Mashreghi, Javad, and Morneau-Guérin, Frédéric

Subjects
Mathematics - Metric Geometry, Mathematics - Probability, 15A15, 15B51
Abstract

In a celebrated paper of Marcus and Ree (1959), it was shown that if $A=[a_{ij}]$ is an $n \times n$ doubly stochastic matrix, then there is a permutation $\sigma \in S_n$ such that $\sum_{i,j=1}^{n} a_{i,j}^{2} \leq \sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i,\sigma(i)}$. Erd\H{o}s asked for which doubly stochastic matrices the inequality is saturated. Although Marcus and Ree provided some insight for the set of solutions, the question appears to have fallen into oblivion. Our goal is to provide a complete answer in the particular, yet non-trivial, case when $n=3$.

Published
2023

80. Super- and subradiance in dilute disordered cold atomic samples: observations and interpretations

Author

Guerin, William

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

When a photon is sent onto an atomic ensemble, it interacts collectively with the $N$ atoms of the sample and not simply with one of them. This results in measurable modifications in the scattering rate, the emission diagram or the temporal dynamics. Among these collective effects, here, we study in detail the temporal dynamics of the decay of the scattered light after switching off the driving laser. Right after the switch-off, the decay can be faster than for a single atom, whereas at later time, the decay becomes slower. We refer to this behavior as superradiance and subradiance, respectively. We present in this Chapter our investigations of super- and subradiance in disordered cold atomic ensembles, mainly with low-density samples (dilute regime) and a weak excitation (linear-optics regime), but we also studied the first corrections beyond these limiting cases. We emphasize the different possible interpretations of these phenomena, with in particular the presentation of an optical description of these effects, which sheds a new light on cooperative scattering in disordered samples and provides a more intuitive understanding of the physical mechanisms at play.

Published
2023
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81. First demonstration of 30 eVee ionization energy resolution with Ricochet germanium cryogenic bolometers

Author

Augier, C., Baulieu, G., Belov, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J. -L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chala, M., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., Cudmore, E., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Li, M., Lubashevskiy, A., Marnieros, S., Martini, N., Mayer, D. W., Minet, J., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Mateo, L. Ovalle, Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Poda, D. V., Ponomarev, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reyes, F. C., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Scorza, S., Schmidt, B., Shevchik, Ye., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Vezzu, F., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., and Zinatulina, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30~eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar heat-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Published
2023

82. Metaphor Detection via Explicit Basic Meanings Modelling

Author

Li, Yucheng, Wang, Shun, Lin, Chenghua, and Frank, Guerin

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

One noticeable trend in metaphor detection is the embrace of linguistic theories such as the metaphor identification procedure (MIP) for model architecture design. While MIP clearly defines that the metaphoricity of a lexical unit is determined based on the contrast between its \textit{contextual meaning} and its \textit{basic meaning}, existing work does not strictly follow this principle, typically using the \textit{aggregated meaning} to approximate the basic meaning of target words. In this paper, we propose a novel metaphor detection method, which models the basic meaning of the word based on literal annotation from the training set, and then compares this with the contextual meaning in a target sentence to identify metaphors. Empirical results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method significantly by 1.0\% in F1 score. Moreover, our performance even reaches the theoretical upper bound on the VUA18 benchmark for targets with basic annotations, which demonstrates the importance of modelling basic meanings for metaphor detection., Comment: ACL 2023

Published
2023

83. The LHCb upgrade I

Author

LHCb collaboration, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Beteta, C. Abellan, Abudinén, F., Achard, C., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Albero, A. Alfonso, Aliouche, Z., Cartelle, P. Alvarez, Amalric, R., Amato, S., Amey, J. L., Amhis, Y., An, L., Anderlini, L., Andersson, M., Andreani, A., Andreianov, A., Andreotti, M., Andreou, D., Andrews, J. E., Anelli, M., Anjam, A., Ao, D., Archilli, F., Arnaud, K., Artamonov, A., Artuso, M., Ashby, J., Aslanides, E., Atzeni, M., Audurier, B., Rocha, D. Ayres, Perea, I. B Bachiller, Bachmann, S., Bachmayer, M., Back, J. J., Bailly-reyre, A., Rodriguez, P. Baladron, Balagura, V., Balbi, G., Baldini, W., Balla, A., Baltazar, M., Band, H., Leite, J. Baptista de Souza, Barbetti, M., Barclay, P., Barlow, R. J., Barsuk, S., Barter, W., Bartolini, M., Baryshnikov, F., Basels, J. M., Bassi, G., Baszczyk, M., Lopes, J. C. Batista, Batsukh, B., Battig, A., Bay, A., Beck, A., Becker, M., Bedeschi, F., Bediaga, I. B., Beigbeder-Beau, C., Beiter, A., Belin, S., Bellee, V., Belous, K., Belov, I., Belyaev, I., Benane, G., Bencivenni, G., Benettoni, M., Ben-Haim, E., Berezhnoy, A., Bernard, F., Bernet, R., Andres, S. Bernet, Berninghoff, D., Bernstein, H. C., Bertella, C., Bertolin, A., Betancourt, C., Betti, F., Bezshyiko, Ia., Bezshyyko, O., Bhasin, S., Bhom, J., Bian, L., Bieker, M. S., Biesuz, N. V., Billoir, P., Biolchini, A., Birch, M., Bishop, F. C. R., Bitadze, A., Bizzeti, A., Blago, M. P., Blake, T., Blanc, F., Blank, J. E., Blusk, S., Bobulska, D., Bochin, B., Boelhauve, J. A., Garcia, O. Boente, Boettcher, T., Bogdanova, G., Boiaryntseva, I., Boldyrev, A., Bolognani, C. S., Bolzonella, R., Bondar, N., Booth, M. J., Borgato, F., Borghi, S., Borsato, M., Borsuk, J. T., Boterenbrood, H., Bouchiba, S. A., Bowcock, T. J. V., Boyaryntsev, A., Boyer, A., Bozzi, C., Bradley, M. J., Braun, S., Rodriguez, A. Brea, Bregliozzi, G., Bridges, K., Briere, M. M. J., Brock, M., Brodski, M., Brodzicka, J., Gonzalo, A. Brossa, Brown, C., Brown, J., Brummitt, A. J., Brundu, D., Brunetti, L., Buda, L., Buonaura, A., Buonincontri, L., Burke, A. T., Burmistrov, L., Burr, C., Bursche, A., Butkevich, A., Butter, J. S., Buytaert, J., Byczynski, W., Cachemiche, J. P., Cadeddu, S., Cai, H., Caillet, A., Calabrese, R., Calefice, L., Calegari, D., Cali, S., Calvi, M., Gomez, M. Calvo, Campana, P., Perez, D. H. Campora, Quezada, A. F. Campoverde, Canfer, S., Capelli, S., Capriotti, L., Carassiti, V., Carbone, A., Cardinale, R., Cardini, A., Carletti, M., Carniti, P., Carroll, J., Carus, L., Vidal, A. Casais, Caspary, R., Casse, G., Cattaneo, M., Cavallero, G., Cavallini, V., Ceelie, L., Celani, S., Cerasoli, J., Cervenkov, D., Cesare, S., Chadaj, B., Chadwick, A. J., Chahrour, I., Chanal, H., Chapman, M. G., Charles, M., Charpentier, Ph., Chaumat, V. J., Barajas, C. A. Chavez, Chefdeville, M., Chen, C., Chen, S., Chernov, A., Chernov, E., Chernyshenko, S., Chiozzi, S., Chobanova, V., Cholak, S., Chrzaszcz, M., Chubykin, A., Chulikov, V., Ciambrone, P., Cicala, M. F., Vidal, X. Cid, Ciezarek, G., Cifra, P., Citterio, M., Ciullo, G., Clark, K., Clarke, P. E. L., Clemencic, M., Cliff, H. V., Closier, J., Cobbledick, J. L., Coco, V., Coelli, S., Cogan, J., Cogneras, E., Cojocariu, L., Collins, P., Colombo, T., Congedo, L., Conti, N., Contu, A., Cooke, N., Corredoira, I., Corti, G., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Couturier, B., Cowan, G. A., Craik, D. C., Torres, M. Cruz, Currie, R., Da Silva, C. L., Dadabaev, S., Dai, L., Dai, X., Dall'Occo, E., Dalseno, J., D'Ambrosio, C., Damen, A., Daniel, J., Danilina, A., d'Argent, P., Daudon, F., Davies, J. E., Davis, A., Davis, J., Francisco, O. De Aguiar, De Benedetti, F., de Boer, J., De Bruyn, K., De Capua, S., De Cian, M., Da Graca, U. De Freitas Carneiro, De Lucia, E., De Miranda, J. M., de Oliveira, R., De Paula, L., De Roo, K., De Serio, M., De Simone, D., De Simone, P., De Vellis, F., de Vries, J. A., De Wit, E., Dean, C. T., Debernardis, F., Decamp, D., Deckenhoff, M., Dedu, V., Del Buono, L., Delaney, B., Dembinski, H. -P., Denis, C., Denysenko, V., Deschamps, O., Dettori, F., Dey, B., Di Bari, D., Di Nezza, P., Diachkov, I., Didenko, S., Maronas, L. Dieste, Dijkstra, H., Ding, S., Dobishuk, V., Doets, M., Doherty, F., Dolmatov, A., Domke, M., Dong, C., Donohoe, A. M., Dordei, F., Dorosz, P., Reis, A. C. dos, Douglas, L., Downes, A. G., Duarte, O., Duda, P., Dudek, M. W., Dufour, L., Duk, V., Dumps, R., Durante, P., Duras, M. M., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Duval, P. Y., Dziewiecki, M., Dziurda, A., Dzyuba, A., Easo, S., Egede, U., Egorychev, V., Orro, C. Eirea, Eisenhardt, S., Ejopu, E., Ekelhof, R., Ek-In, S., Eklund, L., Elashri, M. E, Ellbracht, J., Elvin, A., Ely, S., Ene, A., Epple, E., Escher, S., Eschle, J., Esen, S., Evans, T., Fabiano, F., Falcao, L. N., Fan, Y., Fang, B., Fantini, L., Faria, M., Farry, S., Fazzini, D., Felkowski, L. F, Feo, M., Declara, P. Fernandez, Gomez, M. Fernandez, Fernez, A. D., Ferrari, F., Ferreira, R., Lopes, L. Ferreira, Rodrigues, F. Ferreira, Sole, S. Ferreres, Ferrillo, M., Ferro-Luzzi, M., Filippov, S., Fini, R. A., Fiorini, M., Firlej, M., Fischer, K. M., Fitzgerald, D. S., Fitzpatrick, C., Fiutowski, T., Fleuret, F., Flores, L., Fontana, M., Fontanelli, F., Forty, R., Foulds-Holt, D., Fournier, C., Lima, V. Franco, Sevilla, M. Franco, Frank, M., Franzoso, E., Frau, G., Freestone, J., Frei, C., Frei, R., Frelier, J., Friday, D. A., Frontini, L. F, Fu, J., Fuehring, Q., Fulghesu, T., Fuzipeg, C., Gabriel, E., Galati, G., Galati, M. D., Galka, M., Torreira, A. Gallas, Galli, D., Gallorini, S., Gambetta, S., Gan, Y., Gandelman, M., Gandini, P., Gao, R., Gao, Y., Garau, M., Martin, L. M. Garcia, Moreno, P. Garcia, Pardiñas, J. García, Plana, B. Garcia, Rosales, F. A. Garcia, Garrido, L., Garroum, N., Garsed, P. J., Gascon, D., Gaspar, C., Gasq, C., Gatta, M., Gavardi, L., Gebolis, P. M., Geertsema, R. E., Gerick, D., Gerken, L. L., Germann, D., Gersabeck, E., Gersabeck, M., Gershon, T., Getz, S. A., Giambastiani, L., Gibson, V., Giemza, H. K., Gilman, A. L., Giovannetti, M., Gioventù, A., Girard, O. G., Gironell, P. Gironella, Giugliano, C., Giza, M. A., Gizdov, K., Gkougkousis, E. L., Gligorov, V. V., Göbel, C., Golinka-Bezshyyko, L., Golobardes, E., Golubkov, D., Golutvin, A., Gomes, A., Fernandez, S. Gomez, Abrantes, F. Goncalves, Goncerz, M., Gong, G., Gorelov, I. V., Gotti, C., Grabowski, J. P., Grammatico, T., Cardoso, L. A. Granado, Grant, F., Graugés, E., Graverini, E., Graziani, G., Grecu, A. T., Greeven, L. 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Scantlebury, Scarabotto, A., Schael, S., Scherl, S., Schiller, M., Schimmel, A., Schindler, H., Schipper, J. D., Schmeitz, R., Schmelling, M., Schmidt, B., Schmitt, S., Schneider, O., Schneider, T., Schopper, A., Schubiger, M., Schulte, S., Schune, M. H., Schwemmer, R., Sciascia, B., Sciuccati, A., Sellam, S., Semennikov, A., Soares, M. Senghi, Sergi, A., Serra, N., Sestak, J., Sestini, L., Seuthe, A., Seyfert, P., Shang, Y., Shangase, D. M., Shapkin, M., Shchemerov, I., Shchutska, L., Shears, T., Shekhtman, L., Shen, Z., Sheng, S., Sherman, M. s, Shevchenko, V., Shi, B., Shields, E. B., Shimizu, Y., Shmanin, E., Shorkin, R., Shupperd, J. D., Siddi, B. G., Siebig, S., Sigmund, D., Sigurdsson, S., Coutinho, R. Silva, Simi, G., Simone, S., Singla, M., Skidmore, N., Skuza, R., Skwarnicki, T., Slater, M. W., Slattery, K., Slazyk, I., Smallwood, J. C., Smeaton, J. G., Smith, E., Smith, K., Smith, M., Smith, N. A., Snoch, A., Lavra, L. Soares, Socha, J-L., Sokoloff, M. D., Soler, F. J. P., Solomin, A., Solovev, A., Solovyev, I., Song, R., De Almeida, F. L. Souza, De Paula, B. Souza, Spaan, B., Norella, E. Spadaro, Spedicato, E., Spiridenkov, E., Spradlin, P., Squerzanti, S., Sriskaran, V., Stagni, F., Stahl, M., Stahl, S., Stanislaus, S., Steffens, E., Stein, E. N., Steinkamp, O., Stenyakin, O., Stevens, H., Stone, S., Stramaglia, M. E., Strekalina, D., Su, Y. S, Suljik, F., Sun, J., Sun, L., Sun, Y., Svihra, P., Swallow, P. N., Swientek, K., Swientek, S., Szabelski, A., Szumlak, T., Szymanski, M., Tagliente, G, Tan, Y., Taneja, S., Tat, M. D., Quere, M. Taurigna, Terentev, A., Terront, D. F., Teubert, F., Thomas, E., Thompson, D. J. D., Thomson, K. A., Tilquin, H., Tisserand, V., T'Jampens, S., Tobin, M., Tomassetti, L., Tonani, G., Tong, X., Topp-Joergensen, S., Machado, D. Torres, Tou, D. Y., Trilov, S. M., Trippl, C., Tuci, G., Tuning, N., Ukleja, A., Unverzagt, D. 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K., Websdale, D., Webster, J., Wei, Y., Westhenry, B. D. C., White, D. J., Whitehead, M., Wieczorek, D., Wiederhold, A. R., Wiedner, D., Wilkinson, G., Wilkinson, M. K., Williams, I., Williams, M., Williams, M. R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, F. F., Wimberley, J., Windelband, B., Wislicki, W., Witek, M., Witola, L., Wlochal, M., Wong, C. P., Wormald, M., Wormser, G., Wotton, S. A., Wraight, K., Wu, H., Wu, J., Wyllie, K., Xiang, Z., Xie, Y., Xu, A., Xu, J., Xu, L., Xu, M., Xu, Q., Xu, Z., Yang, D., Yang, S., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yeomans, L. E., Yeroshenko, V., Yeung, H., Yin, H., Yu, J., Yuan, X., Zaffaroni, E., Zavertyaev, M., Zdybal, M., Zenaiev, O., Zeng, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zharkova, A., Zhelezov, A., Zheng, Y., Zhou, T., Zhou, X., Zhou, Y., Zhovkovska, V., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z., Zhukov, V., Zivkovic, V., Zou, Q., Zucchelli, S., Zuliani, D., Zunica, G., and Zvyagintsev, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their selection in real time. The experiment's tracking system has been completely upgraded with a new pixel vertex detector, a silicon tracker upstream of the dipole magnet and three scintillating fibre tracking stations downstream of the magnet. The whole photon detection system of the RICH detectors has been renewed and the readout electronics of the calorimeter and muon systems have been fully overhauled. The first stage of the all-software trigger is implemented on a GPU farm. The output of the trigger provides a combination of totally reconstructed physics objects, such as tracks and vertices, ready for final analysis, and of entire events which need further offline reprocessing. This scheme required a complete revision of the computing model and rewriting of the experiment's software., Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at http://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-DP-2022-002.html (LHCb public pages)

Published
2023
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84. Imperfect Narrow Escape problem

Author

Guérin, T., Dolgushev, M., Bénichou, O., and Voituriez, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

We consider the kinetics of the imperfect narrow escape problem, i.e. the time it takes for a particle diffusing in a confined medium of generic shape to reach and to be adsorbed by a small, imperfectly reactive patch embedded in the boundary of the domain, in two or three dimensions. Imperfect reactivity is modeled by an intrinsic surface reactivity $\kappa$ of the patch, giving rise to Robin boundary conditions. We present a formalism to calculate the exact asymptotics of the mean reaction time in the limit of large volume of the confining domain. We obtain exact explicit results in the two limits of large and small reactivities of the reactive patch, and a semi-analytical expression in the general case. Our approach reveals an anomalous scaling of the mean reaction time as the inverse square root of the reactivity in the large reactivity limit, valid for an initial position near the extremity of the reactive patch. We compare our exact results with those obtained within the ``constant flux approximation''; we show that this approximation turns out to give exactly the next-to-leading order term of the small reactivity limit, and provides a good approximation of the reaction time far from the reactive patch for all reactivities, but not in the vicinity of the boundary of the reactive patch due to the above mentioned anomalous scaling. These results thus provide a general framework to quantify the mean reaction times for the imperfect narrow escape problem.

Published
2023

85. Contextual Multilingual Spellchecker for User Queries

Author

Sharma, Sanat, Valls-Vargas, Josep, King, Tracy Holloway, Guerin, Francois, and Arora, Chirag

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Spellchecking is one of the most fundamental and widely used search features. Correcting incorrectly spelled user queries not only enhances the user experience but is expected by the user. However, most widely available spellchecking solutions are either lower accuracy than state-of-the-art solutions or too slow to be used for search use cases where latency is a key requirement. Furthermore, most innovative recent architectures focus on English and are not trained in a multilingual fashion and are trained for spell correction in longer text, which is a different paradigm from spell correction for user queries, where context is sparse (most queries are 1-2 words long). Finally, since most enterprises have unique vocabularies such as product names, off-the-shelf spelling solutions fall short of users' needs. In this work, we build a multilingual spellchecker that is extremely fast and scalable and that adapts its vocabulary and hence speller output based on a specific product's needs. Furthermore, our speller out-performs general purpose spellers by a wide margin on in-domain datasets. Our multilingual speller is used in search in Adobe products, powering autocomplete in various applications., Comment: 5 pages, In Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '23)

Published
2023
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86. Results from a Prototype TES Detector for the Ricochet Experiment

Author

Ricochet Collaboration, Augier, C., Baulieu, G., Belov, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Calvo, M., Cazes, A., Chaize, D., Chala, M., Chang, C. L., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colas, J., Cudmore, E., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dumoulin, L., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Formaggio, J. A., Fuard, S., Gannon, K., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Guerin, C., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hertel, S. A., Heusch, M., Hong, Z., Ianigro, J. -C., Jin, Y., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kazarcev, S., Lamblin, J., Lattaud, H., Li, M., Lisovenko, M., Lubashevskiy, A., Marnieros, S., Martini, N., Mayer, D. W., Minet, J., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Novati, V., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Mateo, L. Ovalle, Palladino, K. J., Patel, P. K., Perbet, E., Pinckney, H. D., Poda, D. V., Ponomarev, D., Rarbi, F., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reyes, F. C., Ricol, J. -S., Robert, A., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Schmidt, B., Scorza, S., Shevchik, Ye., Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stutz, A., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Veihmeyer, C., Vezzu, F., Wang, G., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., Yefremenko, V. G., Zhang, J., and Zinatulina, D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) offers valuable sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment will use cryogenic solid-state detectors to perform a precision measurement of the CE$\nu$NS spectrum induced by the high neutrino flux from the Institut Laue-Langevin nuclear reactor. The experiment will employ an array of detectors, each with a mass of $\sim$30 g and a targeted energy threshold of 50 eV. Nine of these detectors (the "Q-Array") will be based on a novel Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) readout style, in which the TES devices are thermally coupled to the absorber using a gold wire bond. We present initial characterization of a Q-Array-style detector using a 1 gram silicon absorber, obtaining a baseline root-mean-square resolution of less than 40 eV., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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87. StyleDEM: a Versatile Model for Authoring Terrains

Author

Perche, Simon, Peytavie, Adrien, Benes, Bedrich, Galin, Eric, and Guérin, Eric

Subjects
Computer Science - Graphics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Many terrain modelling methods have been proposed for the past decades, providing efficient and often interactive authoring tools. However, they generally do not include any notion of style, which is a critical aspect for designers in the entertainment industry. We introduce StyleDEM, a new generative adversarial network method for terrain synthesis and authoring, with a versatile toolbox of authoring methods with style. This method starts from an input sketch or an existing terrain. It outputs a terrain with features that can be authored using interactive brushes and enhanced with additional tools such as style manipulation or super-resolution. The strength of our approach resides in the versatility and interoperability of the toolbox.

Published
2023

88. ComputeOps: containers for High Performance Computing

Author

Cavet Cécile, Bailly-Reyre Aurélien, Chamont David, Dadoun Olivier, Dehne Garcia Alexandre, Guérin Pierre-Emmanuel, Hennion Pascale, Lodygensky Oleg, Marchal-Duval Gérard, Medernach Emmanuel, Mendoza Victor, Pansanel Jérôme, Randriatoamanana Richard, Sartirana Andrea, Souchal Martin, and Tugler Julien

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The High Performance Computing (HPC) domain aims to optimize code to use the latest multicore and parallel technologies including specific processor instructions. In this computing framework, portability and reproducibility are key concepts. A way to handle these requirements is to use Linux containers. These "light virtual machines" allow users to encapsulate applications within its environment in processes. Containers have been recently highlighted because they provide multi-infrastructure environnement for both developers and system administrators. Furthermore, they offer reproducibility due to image building files. Two container solutions are emerging: Docker for micro-services and Singularity for computing applications. We present here the Com-puteOps project which investigates the container benefits for HPC applications.

Published
2019
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89. Respiratory effects of prone position in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome differ according to the recruitment-to-inflation ratio: a prospective observational study

Author

Christopher Lai, Rui Shi, Ludwig Jelinski, Florian Lardet, Marta Fasan, Soufia Ayed, Hugo Belotti, Nicolas Biard, Laurent Guérin, Nicolas Fage, Quentin Fossé, Thibaut Gobé, Arthur Pavot, Guillaume Roger, Alex Yhuel, Jean-Louis Teboul, Tai Pham, Xavier Monnet, and for the EVALPRO Study group

Subjects
Airway opening pressure, Heart-lung interactions, Driving pressure, Lung recruitment, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Improvements in oxygenation and lung mechanics with prone position (PP) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are inconstant. The objectives of the study were (i) to identify baseline variables, including the recruitment-to-inflation ratio (R/I), associated with a positive response to PP in terms of oxygenation (improvement of the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure over the inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ≥ 20 mmHg) and lung mechanics; (ii) to evaluate whether the response to the previous PP session is associated with the response to the next session. Methods In this prospective, observational, single-center study in patients who underwent PP for ARDS due to COVID-19, respiratory variables were assessed just before PP and at the end of the session. Respiratory variables included mechanical ventilation settings and respiratory mechanics variables, including R/I, an estimate of the potential for lung recruitment compared to lung overinflation. Results In 50 patients, 201 PP sessions lasting 19 ± 3 h were evaluated. Neuromuscular blockades were used in 116 (58%) sessions. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 109 ± 31 mmHg to 165 ± 65 mmHg, with an increase ≥ 20 mmHg in 142 (71%) sessions. In a mixed effect logistic regression, only pre-PP PaO2/FiO2 (OR 1.12 (95% CI [1.01–1.24])/every decrease of 10 mmHg, p = 0.034) in a first model and improvement in oxygenation at the previous PP session (OR 3.69 (95% CI [1.27–10.72]), p = 0.017) in a second model were associated with an improvement in oxygenation with PP. The R/I ratio (n = 156 sessions) was 0.53 (0.30–0.76), separating lower- and higher-recruiters. Whereas PaO2/FiO2 improved to the same level in both subgroups, driving pressure and respiratory system compliance improved only in higher-recruiters (from 14 ± 4 to 12 ± 4 cmH2O, p = 0.027, and from 34 ± 11 to 38 ± 13 mL/cmH2O, respectively, p = 0.014). Conclusions A lower PaO2/FiO2 at baseline and a positive O2-response at the previous PP session are associated with a PP-induced improvement in oxygenation. In higher-recruiters, lung mechanics improved along with oxygenation. Benefits of PP could thus be greater in these patients.

Published
2024
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90. Sex-dependent effects of a high fat diet on metabolic disorders, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in mouse

Author

Candice Lefebvre, Adam Tiffay, Charles-Edward Breemeersch, Virginie Dreux, Christine Bôle-Feysot, Charlène Guérin, Jonathan Breton, Elise Maximin, Magali Monnoye, Pierre Déchelotte, Véronique Douard, Alexis Goichon, and Moïse Coëffier

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Obesity is often associated with sex-dependent metabolic complications, in which altered intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota contribute. We aimed to characterize in mice the sex-dependent effects of a high fat diet on these parameters. Male and female C57BL/6 mice received a standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) during 14 weeks (W14). Body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, intestinal permeability, colonic expression of 44 genes encoding factors involved in inflammatory response and gut barrier function, cecal microbiota, plasma adipokines and white adipose tissue response have been assessed. Both male and female HFD mice exhibited an increase of body weight and fat mass gain and glucose intolerance compared to SD mice. However, only male HFD mice tended to develop insulin resistance associated to increased Tnfα and Ccl2 mRNA expression in perigonadal adipose tissue. By contrast, only female HFD mice showed significant intestinal hyperpermeability that was associated with more markedly altered colonic inflammatory response. Cecal microbiota richness was markedly reduced in both sexes (Observed species) with sex-dependent modifications at the phyla or family level, e.g. decreased relative abundance of Bacillota and Lachnospiraceae in females, increased of Bacteroidaceae in males. Interestingly, some of these microbiota alterations were correlated with peripheral metabolic and inflammatory markers. In conclusions, male and female mice exhibit different responses to a high fat diet with specific changes of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, colonic and white adipose tissue inflammation, metabolic markers and body weight gain. The underlying mechanisms should be deciphered in further investigations.

Published
2024
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91. Long-term memory induced correction to Arrhenius law

Author

A. Barbier-Chebbah, O. Bénichou, R. Voituriez, and T. Guérin

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The Kramers escape problem is a paradigmatic model for the kinetics of rare events, which are usually characterized by Arrhenius law. So far, analytical approaches have failed to capture the kinetics of rare events in the important case of non-Markovian processes with long-term memory, as occurs in the context of reactions involving proteins, long polymers, or strongly viscoelastic fluids. Here, based on a minimal model of non-Markovian Gaussian process with long-term memory, we determine quantitatively the mean FPT to a rare configuration and provide its asymptotics in the limit of a large energy barrier E. Our analysis unveils a correction to Arrhenius law, induced by long-term memory, which we determine analytically. This correction, which we show can be quantitatively significant, takes the form of a second effective energy barrier $$E^{\prime} \, < \, E$$ E ′ < E and captures the dependence of rare event kinetics on initial conditions, which is a hallmark of long-term memory. Altogether, our results quantify the impact of long-term memory on rare event kinetics, beyond Arrhenius law.

Published
2024
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93. Non-malarial febrile illness: a systematic review of published aetiological studies and case reports from China, 1980–2015

Author

Dennis K. M. Ip, Yvonne Y. Ng, Yat H. Tam, Nigel V. Thomas, Prabin Dahal, Kasia Stepniewska, Paul N. Newton, Philippe J. Guérin, and Heidi Hopkins

Subjects
Malaria, Non-malarial febrile illness, Aetiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Rapid point-of-care tests for malaria are now widely used in many countries to guide the initial clinical management of patients presenting with febrile illness. With China having recently achieved malaria elimination, better understanding regarding the identity and distribution of major non-malarial causes of febrile illnesses is of particular importance to inform evidence-based empirical treatment policy. Methods A systematic review of published literature was undertaken to characterise the spectrum of pathogens causing non-malaria febrile illness in China (1980–2015). Literature searches were conducted in English and Chinese languages in six databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, EMBASE, Web of Science™ – Chinese Science Citation Database SM, The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang Med Online. Selection criteria included reporting on an infection or infections with a confirmed diagnosis, defined as pathogens detected in or cultured from samples from normally sterile sites, or serological evidence of current or past infection. The number of published articles, reporting a given pathogen were presented, rather than incidence or prevalence of infection. Results A total of 57,181 records from 13 provinces of China where malaria used to be endemic were screened, of which 392 met selection criteria and were included in this review. The review includes 60 (15.3%) records published from 1980 to 2000, 211 (53.8%) from 2001 to 2010 and 121 (30.9%) from 2011 to 2015;. Of the 392 records, 166 (42.3%) were from the eastern region of China, 120 (30.6%) were from the south-west, 102 (26.0%) from south-central, and four (1.0%) were multi-regional studies. Bacterial infections were reported in 154 (39.3%) records, viral infections in 219 (55.9%), parasitic infections in four (1.0%), fungal infections in one (0.3%), and 14 (3.6%) publications reported more than one pathogen group. Participants of all ages were included in 136 (34.7%) studies, only adults in 75 (19.1%), only children in 17 (4.3%), only neonates in two (0.5%) and the age distribution was not specified in 162 (41.3%) records. The most commonly reported bacterial pathogens included Typhoidal Salmonella (n = 30), Orientia/ Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (n = 31), Coxiella burnetii (n = 17), Leptospira spp. (n = 15) and Brucella spp. (n = 15). The most commonly reported viral pathogens included Hantavirus/Hantaan virus (n = 89), dengue virus (DENV) (n = 76 including those with unknown serovars), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 21), and measles virus (n = 15). The relative lack of data in the western region of the country, as well as in in neonates and children, represented major gaps in the understanding of the aetiology of fever in China. Conclusions This review presents a landscape of non-malaria pathogens causing febrile illness in China over 36 years as the country progressed toward malaria elimination. These findings can inform guidelines for clinical management of fever cases and infection surveillance and prevention, and highlight the need to standardize operational and reporting protocols for better understanding of fever aetiology in the country.

Published
2024
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94. Targeting TXNIP in endothelial progenitors mitigates IL-8-induced neutrophil recruitment under metabolic stress

Author

Julia Jolibois, Alison Domingues, Divina El Hamaoui, Raphaël Awaida, Mathilde Berger-de-Gaillardo, Daniel Guérin, David M Smadja, Perrine Marquet-DeRougé, Isabelle Margaill, Elisa Rossi, and Valérie Nivet-Antoine

Subjects
Endothelial progenitors, Metabolic stress, Age-related comorbidities, TXNIP, Cytokine secretion, Neutrophils, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Abstract Background This study explores the potential role of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) silencing in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) within the scope of age-related comorbidities and impaired vascular repair. We aim to elucidate the effects of TXNIP silencing on vasculogenic properties, paracrine secretion, and neutrophil recruitment under conditions of metabolic stress. Methods ECFCs, isolated from human blood cord, were transfected with TXNIP siRNA and exposed to a high glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) medium to simulate metabolic stress. We evaluated the effects of TXNIP silencing on ECFCs’ functional and secretory responses under these conditions. Assessments included analyses of gene and protein expression profiles, vasculogenic properties, cytokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo effects were examined using a murine model of hindlimb ischemia to observe the physiological relevance of TXNIP modulation under metabolic disorders. Results TXNIP silencing did not mitigate the adverse effects on cell recruitment, vasculogenic properties, or senescence induced by metabolic stress in ECFCs. However, it significantly reduced IL-8 secretion and consequent neutrophil recruitment under these conditions. In a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, endothelial deletion of TXNIP reduced MIP-2 secretion and prevented increased neutrophil recruitment induced by age-related comorbidities. Conclusions Our findings suggest that targeting TXNIP in ECFCs may alleviate ischemic complications exacerbated by metabolic stress, offering potential clinical benefits for patients suffering from age-related comorbidities.

Published
2024
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95. High and low pathogenicity avian influenza virus discrimination and prediction based on volatile organic compounds signature by SIFT-MS: a proof-of-concept study

Author

Fabien Filaire, Aurélie Sécula, Pierre Bessière, Marielle Pagès-Homs, Jean-Luc Guérin, Frederic Violleau, and Ugo Till

Subjects
Volatile organic compounds, Avian influenza, Multivariate analysis, Virus, Infection, SIFT-MS, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract High and low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIV, LPAIV) are the primary causes of poultry diseases worldwide. HPAIV and LPAIV constitute a major threat to the global poultry industry. Therefore, early detection and well-adapted surveillance strategies are of the utmost importance to control the spread of these viruses. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released from living organisms have been investigated over the last decades as a diagnostic strategy. Mass spectrometry instruments can analyze VOCs emitted upon viral infection. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) enables direct analysis of cell headspace in less than 20 min. As a proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a SIFT-MS coupled sparse Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis analytical workflow to discriminate IAV-infected cells. Supernatants of HPAIV, LPAIV, and control cells were collected from 1 to 72 h post-infection and analyzed using our analytical workflow. At each collection point, VOCs' signatures were first identified based on four independent experiments and then used to discriminate the infectious status of external samples. Our results indicate that the identified VOCs signatures successfully discriminate, as early as 1-h post-infection, infected cells from the control cells and differentiated the HPAIV from the LPAIV infection. These results suggest a virus-dependent VOCs signature. Overall, the external samples' status was identified with 96.67% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97.78% general accuracy.

Published
2024
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96. Rapid meiotic prophase chromosome movements in Arabidopsis thaliana are linked to essential reorganization at the nuclear envelope

Author

Laurence Cromer, Mariana Tiscareno-Andrade, Sandrine Lefranc, Aurélie Chambon, Aurélie Hurel, Manon Brogniez, Julie Guérin, Ivan Le Masson, Gabriele Adam, Delphine Charif, Philippe Andrey, and Mathilde Grelon

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Meiotic rapid prophase chromosome movements (RPMs) require connections between the chromosomes and the cytoskeleton, involving SUN (Sad1/UNC-84)-domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear envelope (NE). RPMs remain significantly understudied in plants, with respect to their importance in the regulation of meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic centromeres undergo rapid (up to 500 nm/s) and uncoordinated movements during the zygotene and pachytene stages. These centromere movements are not affected by altered chromosome organization and recombination but are abolished in the double mutant sun1 sun2. We also document the changes in chromosome dynamics and nucleus organization during the transition from leptotene to zygotene, including telomere attachment to SUN-enriched NE domains, bouquet formation, and nucleolus displacement, all of which were defective in sun1 sun2. These results establish A. thaliana as a model species for studying the functional implications of meiotic RPMs and demonstrate the mechanistic conservation of telomere-led RPMs in plants.

Published
2024
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97. Optimal control and ultimate bounds of 1:2 nonlinear quantum systems

Author

Zhu, Jing-jun, Liu, Kaipeng, Chen, Xi, and Guérin, Stéphane

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Using optimal control, we establish and link the ultimate bounds in time (referred to as quantum speed limit) and energy of two- and three-level quantum nonlinear systems which feature 1:2 resonance. Despite the unreachable complete inversion, by using the Pontryagin maximum principle, we determine the optimal time, pulse area, or energy, for a given arbitrary accuracy. We show that the third-order Kerr terms can be absorbed in the detuning in order to lock the dynamics to the resonance. In the two-level problem, we determine the non-linear counterpart of the optimal $\pi$-pulse inversion for a given accuracy. In the three-level problem, we obtain an intuitive pulse sequence similar to the linear counterpart but with different shapes. We prove the (slow) logarithmic increasing of the optimal time as a function of the accuracy.

Published
2023
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98. Metaphor Detection with Effective Context Denoising

Author

Wang, Shun, Li, Yucheng, Lin, Chenghua, Barrault, Loïc, and Guerin, Frank

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

We propose a novel RoBERTa-based model, RoPPT, which introduces a target-oriented parse tree structure in metaphor detection. Compared to existing models, RoPPT focuses on semantically relevant information and achieves the state-of-the-art on several main metaphor datasets. We also compare our approach against several popular denoising and pruning methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in context denoising. Our code and dataset can be found at https://github.com/MajiBear000/RoPPT

Published
2023

99. FrameBERT: Conceptual Metaphor Detection with Frame Embedding Learning

Author

Li, Yucheng, Wang, Shun, Lin, Chenghua, Guerin, Frank, and Barrault, Loïc

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

In this paper, we propose FrameBERT, a RoBERTa-based model that can explicitly learn and incorporate FrameNet Embeddings for concept-level metaphor detection. FrameBERT not only achieves better or comparable performance to the state-of-the-art, but also is more explainable and interpretable compared to existing models, attributing to its ability of accounting for external knowledge of FrameNet.

Published
2023

100. The Secret of Metaphor on Expressing Stronger Emotion

Author

Li, Yucheng, Guerin, Frank, and Lin, Chenghua

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Metaphors are proven to have stronger emotional impact than literal expressions. Although this conclusion is shown to be promising in benefiting various NLP applications, the reasons behind this phenomenon are not well studied. This paper conducts the first study in exploring how metaphors convey stronger emotion than their literal counterparts. We find that metaphors are generally more specific than literal expressions. The more specific property of metaphor can be one of the reasons for metaphors' superiority in emotion expression. When we compare metaphors with literal expressions with the same specificity level, the gap of emotion expressing ability between both reduces significantly. In addition, we observe specificity is crucial in literal language as well, as literal language can express stronger emotion by making it more specific., Comment: FigLang@EMNLP2022

Published
2023

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