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Triticale is a promising plant ingredient as a source of protein and carbohydrates which is recommended for aquafeed. Therefore, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to include triticale at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% and fed for Nile tilapia (14.4 ± 0.02 g) for 60 days. The obtained results revealed that no significant linear or quadratic effects were observed on the FBW, WG, and SGR due to using triticale in tilapia diets up to 20% level (P >.05). The FCR was also insignificantly affected by triticale incorporation and represented low values ranged between 1.2 and 1.26 kg diet/kg fish body weight. The body moisture, crude protein, and ash compositions recorded linearly and quadratically insignificant differences among the groups fed varying levels of triticale. However, tilapia fed 20% level of triticale displayed significantly increased ether extract in the whole body (P <.05). The activities of amylase, lipase, and protease were decreased considerably by feeding triticale at 20% (P <.05), whereas tilapia fed triticale at 5, 10, and 15% exhibited insignificant differences with fish fed the control diet. The detected hematological and biochemical blood variables indicated that tilapia fed with or without triticale were in a stable health condition (P >.05). The immunity status revealed insignificant differences among the fish fed varying levels of triticale. However, feeding with triticale increased the activities of SOD and GPx (P <.05), while no differences (P >.05) were shown on the activity of CAT and the concentration of MDA. The incorporation of triticale in tilapia diet did not influence the expressions of IGF-1, FAS, LPL, and myostatin in which probably refers to the regular growth of fish under the current trial conditions (P >.05). In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that using triticale at 5–20% has no adverse effects on the growth performance, blood variables, and immune response of Nile tilapia. • Triticale is a promising plant ingredient that can be used as a source of protein and carbohydrates in aquafeed. • Triticale has no adverse effects on the growth performance and feed conversion ratio of Nile tilapia. • Triticale has no adverse effects on the haemato-immunological status of Nile tilapia. • Antioxidative activity increased by including triticale in tilapia diet. • Triticale can be included at 5–20% of tilapia diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to compare low and high inclusions of conventional soybean meal (SBM) or enzyme-treated SBM (Enzo) as fishmeal replacements in the diets of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isolipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were produced: a control diet (fishmeal-based) and five experimental diets replacing fishmeal by 8% or 16% with SBM (low or high SBM, respectively); 8% or 16% with Enzo (low or high Enzo, respectively); and 16% with SBM + Enzo blended with 50:50 ratio (Enzo + SBM). Triplicate tanks, each containing 40 fish, were hand-fed to apparent satiation. Compared with the control, all groups that consumed SBM or Enzo diets had lower growth performance (P < 0.05). However, fish fed Enzo showed significantly higher growth performance and protein retention than fish fed SBM at each replacement level. Whole-body crude protein content showed a decreasing trend with increasing dietary SBM and Enzo level, with significant differences detected between the control and the highest SBM or Enzo + SBM levels. However, fish fed control or low Enzo diets had no significant differences (P > 0.05). Whole-body content of some essential amino acids (e.g. isoleucine, leucine and valine) showed a significant corresponding decrease with high dietary SBM inclusions. Trypsin activity in the proximal intestine decreased significantly with increasing dietary SBM and Enzo levels. Hepatic expression of GHR1 was greater in high SBM and high Enzo + SBM treatments compared to the control diet, which exhibited the highest expression of IGF-II (P < 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-1b1 was lowest in the control treatment and highest in the high SBM diet (P < 0.05). Expression of myogenin and myoD, two myogenic proteins, was also affected by diet (P < 0.05), with highest expression in the slowest growing treatment group (high SBM). The inferior performance of rainbow trout fed SBM compared to Enzo was likely due to reduced feed intake and nutrient availability leading to alternations in the somatotrophic axis. Thus, Enzo shows promise as an alternative to SBM in rainbow trout diets. • A novel study developed processed soybean meal (SBM) with minimal level of antinutritional factors (ANFs) i.e., EnzoMeal™. • EnzoMeal based diets fed groups shown better growth performance and feed efficiency than conventional SBM in rainbow trout. • Hepatic GHR1 expression was negatively corelated with fish growth whereas intestinal trypsin activity shown opposite trend. • The EnzoMeal™ with high protein and low ANFs has considerable potential as alternatives to fishmeal in aquafeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is essential for the discovery of genetic structures that related to complex quantitative traits. In this study, we identified 264,072 raw SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) by double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), and utilized 3029 of these SNPs to construct a genetic linkage map in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) using a regression mapping algorithm. The genetic map contained 24 linkage groups (LGs) spanning a total genetic distance of 1231.98 cM. Twenty-seven significant growth-related QTLs were identified. Furthermore, we identified 17 genes (fez2, alg3, ece2, arvcf, sla27a4, sgk223, camk2, prrc2b, mchr1, sardh, pappa, syk, tert, wdrcp91, ftz-f1, mate1 and notch1) including three (tert, ftz-f1 and notch1) that have been reported to be involved in fish growth. To summarize, we mapped growth-related QTLs in the orange-spotted grouper. These QTLs will be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) efforts to improve growth-related traits in this economically important fish.