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Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Ursachen für Burnout werden v.a. in prekären Arbeitsverhältnissen lokalisiert. Die Forschungslage zu personenbezogenen Risikofaktoren für Burnout ist bescheiden. Es gibt erheblichen Forschungsbedarf, der sich mit der Interaktion von Umwelt und Person auf das Burnout-Risiko beschäftigt. Methoden: Grundlage unserer Analyse ist die Zürich-Studie. Die Teilnehmer dieser Kohorte aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung wurden 1978 erstmals im Alter von 19 bis 20Jahren untersucht und bis ins Alter von 49 bis 50 nachverfolgt. In der letzten Nachuntersuchung 2008 wurden erstmals Burnout-Maße erhoben. Untersucht wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Burnout, Mastery und Selbstvertrauen einerseits und andererseits Persönlichkeitsvariablen, die 1988 mittels des Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventars gemessen worden waren. Ergebnisse: In einem pfadanalytischen Modell konnten wir diverse Zusammenhänge zwischen den genannten Variablen aufzeigen. Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass es eine komplexe Interaktion von dysfunktionaler, maladaptiver Persönlichkeit und Burnout gibt. Schlussfolgerungen: Um Burnout besser zu verstehen, braucht es Stichproben aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung, die sowohl aus personen- als auch umweltbezogener Perspektive untersucht werden

Background: Atypical depression (AD) exhibits distinct patterns of gender,bipolar-II disorder, genetic, and neuro-biological measures. Using prospective data from a community sample, this paper identifies criteria (and correlates) for an AD syndrome that maximizes the association with female sex and bipolar-II. Methods: The Zurich cohort study is composed of 591 subjects selected from a population-based cohort of young adults in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland, screened in 1978 and followed with six interviews through 1999. Seven definitions of atypical depression were tested, using varying combinations of vegetative symptoms and mood reactivity. Results: The atypical definitions using 2 of 3 (fatigue, overeating, oversleeping) or 2 of 2 (overeating, oversleeping) vegetative symptoms showed the strongest association with gender, bipolarity, and family history of mania. The 2/3 definition was chosen for further analysis due to its high sensitivity for identifying these characteristics. This syndrome had cumulated weighted prevalence of 16.4% (males 9.7%, females 23%); when associated with major depressive episodes, 8.2% (males 3.2%, females 15.1%). AD patients were characterized by high treatment rates, severity, and work impairment, early age of onset and long illness. AD was comorbid with social phobia, binge eating, neurasthenia, migraine headache, and subjective cognitive impairment

Our study sought to estimate the incidence rate of firstever ischemic stroke (FEIS) in the geographically well-defined population of the Canton Basle-City, Switzerland. An one-year prospective population-based study among the permanent residents of the Canton Basle-City (188015 inhabitants, census 2002) was carried out. Multiple overlapping sources of information were used. Stroke was defined according to the WHO criteria. The diagnosis of FEIS was based on clinical assessment and neuroimaging findings. 269 patients (114 males; mean age 72.8, standard deviation (SD) ± 12 and 155 females; mean age 78.4, SD ± 11) with FEIS were identified. The overall crude incidence of FEIS amounted to 143 per 100000 population (95% confidence interval (CI) 126 to 160) and it was higher among females (156; 95% CI 132 to 181) than in males (128; 95% CI 105 to 152). The age-specific incidence rates of FEIS approximately doubled with each decade of life, increasing from 17 (95 % CI 2 to 31) among 0-44 years old group to 1034 (95% CI 774 to 1293) for those aged 85 or more years. The overall incidence rate of FEIS adjusted for age to the European standard population was 76 per 100000 inhabitants (95% CI 66 to 86) and it was higher in males—89, 95% CI 72-106—than in females—66, 95 % CI 53-77. Moreover, in comparison with studies from other developed countries (e. g. Germany, Italy, Australia)—carried out in the middle of 1990s—the standardised incidence rates of FEIS were substantially lower in Switzerland. Our results indicate that the risk of ischemic stroke might be low in Switzerland. However, giving a major reduction in the age and gender specific stroke incidence over the past years our findings might—alternatively—mirror this favourable trend

At the end of the 19th century, male suicide rates in Switzerland were as high as the respective rates in recent decades, whereas female suicide rates were distinctly lower. An age-period-cohort analysis was performed to provide more information about the genderspecific changes over the last century. Suicide mortality has been reported in Switzerland since 1876 when the standardised registration of mortality data began. The analysed data cover the period 1881-2000. The statistical analyses were based on log-linear models and data aggregated by 10-year age-intervals and 10-year periodintervals. The results indicate similar age and period effects in males and females. The estimates representing age-specific risk increase steadily with age, with intermediate plateaus in the 20s and the 50s. The period-specific estimates follow the economic cycles. The birth cohort effects are stronger in males and weaker in females. In the males' estimates, there is a peak in cohorts born around 1840 and a low in cohorts born some 60-100 years later. The estimates increased again in generations born after World War II. In females, the birth cohort estimates are low in cohorts born in the first half of the 19th century and increase until the first half of the 20th century. Birth cohort effects remain an intriguing topic in epidemiology of suicide. A better understanding of birth cohort effects might open new doors to suicide prevention