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When another person's actions are observed it appears that these actions are simulated, such that similar motor processes are triggered in the observer. Much evidence suggests that such simulation concerns the achievement of behavioural goals, such as grasping a particular object, and is less concerned with the specific nature of the action, such as the path the hand takes to reach the goal object. We demonstrate that when observing another person reach around an obstacle, an observer's subsequent reach has an increased curved trajectory, reflecting motor priming of reach path. This priming of reach trajectory via action observation can take place under a variety of circumstances: with or without a shared goal, and when the action is seen from a variety of perspectives. However, of most importance, the reach path priming effect is only evoked if the obstacle avoided by another person is within the action (peripersonal) space of the observer.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the reporting, monitoring and use of workplace violence data in Victorian health services. Background: Surveillance of workplace violence is important in understanding the circumstances in which workplace violence occurs and development of relevant and appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. Method: A descriptive exploratory approach was used. Fifteen staff from occupational health and safety, quality and safety, and nurse unit managers, from five major metropolitan health services were interviewed. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: Three themes were identified: (a) "under‐reporting of workplace violence," (b) "inconsistent guidance" caused subjective and variable data coding and (c) "application of data" described how health services used the data available to them, to inform the development and implementation of systems designed to prevent workplace violence. Conclusions: Improved reporting systems may increase consistency in reporting, enable data sharing across organisations and assist in planning of prevention strategies. Implications for nursing management: Staff should be encouraged to complete incident reports for each episode of workplace violence. Incident reporting systems must be simplified to reduce the burden of reporting. Nurse managers should advocate for the sharing of health service workplace violence data, to enable improved prevention across all services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the relationship between workplace violence perpetrated by clients, their innate neurophysiological response to dis‐ease and the resulting interactions with healthcare providers. Background: Client‐on‐worker violence remains a problem globally. Workplace violence risk factors have been documented. A gap remains in understanding what has happened to clients that perpetrate violence, and the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACE), the neuroscience of threat and trauma‐informed care. Design: This explanatory study was part of a larger descriptive study. Methods: Managers, directors, health/safety staff, nurses and educators (n = 99) from Australian rural and metropolitan health services participated in individual and group interviews. Following inductive thematic analysis, a secondary analysis, informed by understandings of ACE, polyvagal theory and trauma‐informed care, was conducted. Analysis was guided by the question: What happens to clients that causes them to instigate violence against healthcare workers? Reporting of this research adheres to the COREQ guidelines. Results: Clients can react aggressively when under perceived threat. Themes included are as follows: client stress and trauma, previous client trauma, impact of care provision on client and trauma‐informed care. Conclusion: Healthcare services can be experienced as stressful environments. Coupled with high incidences of past trauma, clients' assessment of risk and safety can be compromised resulting in inappropriate reactivity when staff are trying to provide care. Care provision can be perceived as a threat to clients' physical and psychological safety, activating the fight protective response resulting in aggression. Understanding and applying neuroscience and implementing a cultural change of trauma‐informed care have the potential to reduce workplace violence. Even with these understandings, it is imperative that healthcare staff are protected and feel safe at work. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding trauma and the neuroscience of threat and safety can assist staff to understand what happens to clients that causes them to instigate violence against healthcare providers and implement systems and strategies to respond to such threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The study aimed to explore the processes undertaken by nurse academics when integrating evidence-based practice ( EBP) into their teaching and learning practices. This article focuses on pedagogical approaches employed by academics to influence evidence-based practice integration into undergraduate programs across Australian universities. Background Nursing academics are challenged to incorporate a variety of teaching and learning strategies to teach evidence-based practice and determine their effectiveness. However, literature suggests that there are limited studies available focusing on pedagogical approaches in evidence-based practice education. Design A constructivist grounded theory methodology, informed by Charmaz was used for this study. Methods Data were collected during 2014 from 23 nurse academics across Australian universities through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, nine were observed during teaching of undergraduate students. Twenty subject outlines were also analysed following Charmaz's approach of data analysis. Findings 'Influencing EBP integration' describes the pedagogical approaches employed by academics to incorporate EBP knowledge and skills into undergraduate curricula. With the use of various teaching and learning strategies, academics attempted to contextualize EBP by engaging students with activities aiming to link evidence to practice and with the EBP process. Although, some strategies appeared to be engaging, others were traditional and seemed to be disengaging for students due to the challenges experienced by participants that impeded the use of the most effective teaching methods. Conclusion Study findings offer valuable insights into the teaching practices and identify some key challenges that require the adoption of appropriate strategies to ensure future nurses are well prepared in the paradigm of evidence-based practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interprofessional education is an important element in the preparation of healthcare students who can communicate effectively and work collaboratively. A grant from Health Workforce Australia funded a shared nursing, paramedicine, and physiotherapy simulation suite and a staff member dedicated to interprofessional simulation, with the aim of increasing high fidelity simulation within and across the three professions. This article describes the development process and pilot testing of four purpose-designed interprofessional handover scenarios for paramedic, nursing, and physiotherapy students. The scenarios tracked an elderly patient (manikin) with a fractured neck of femur from pre-hospital to postoperative assessment and handover. The National League of Nursing Simulation Design Scale was used to evaluate the scenarios. Students’ feedback indicated they considered the simulations to be relevant to their practice, with a high level of fidelity. This study re-emphasises the importance of pilot testing simulations before use in large-scale studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the denial of medical care or treatment by patients in a clinical environment and how medical practitioners and nurses respond to the refusal of active treatment. Topics include the limits of patient autonomy, the right to self-determination in relation to medical care, and the patient's knowledge of consent laws.

Background Increasing numbers of residents are transferred from aged care facilities to emergency departments. Frequently, residents arrive with inadequate documentation regarding their presenting complaint or medical history, making it difficult for emergency department staff to make decisions about care. Methods A retrospective review of emergency department records was undertaken for residents transferred from residential aged care facilities to two emergency departments in Melbourne, Victoria in 2012. Results 2880 resident transfers were included in the sample, of which 408 transfers were randomly selected for documentation review. Clinically important documentation was frequently absent including: the reason for transfer to the ED (n = 197, 48.2%); baseline cognitive function (n = 244, 59.7%); and vital signs at time of complaint (n = 285, 69.9%). When the reason for transfer was absent, residents with an altered conscious state had more investigations and spent longer in the emergency department than when the reason for transfer was recorded. Conclusion Inadequate documentation negatively impacted the resident's journey through the emergency department. There is evidence that inadequate documentation contributes to poor patient outcomes. To minimise the gaps in the transfer documentation regular staff development and quality assurance programs may be required in residential aged care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Induction of labour is a common obstetric procedure. Some women are likely to turn to complementary and alternative medicine in order to avoid medical intervention. Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine the scientific evidence for the use of complementary and alternative medicine to stimulate labour. Method: An initial search for relevant literature published from 2000 was undertaken using a range of databases. Articles were also identified by examining bibliographies. Results: Most complementary and alternative medicines used for induction of labour are recommended on the basis of traditional knowledge, rather than scientific research. Currently, the clinical evidence is sparse and it is not possible to make firm conclusions regarding the effectiveness of these therapies. There is however some data to support the use of breast stimulation for induction of labour. Acupuncture and raspberry leaf may also be beneficial. Castor oil and evening primrose oil might not be effective and possibly increase the incidence of complications. There is no evidence from clinical trails to support homeopathy however, some women have found these remedies helpful. Blue cohosh may be harmful during pregnancy and should not be recommended for induction. Other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may be useful but further investigation is needed. Conclusions: More research is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of CAM modalities. Midwives should develop a good understanding of these therapies, including both the benefits and risks, so they can assist women to make appropriate decisions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]