126 results on '"Grifa, C."'
Search Results
52. IBERIAN CERAMIC PRODUCTION FROM BASTI (BAZA, SPAIN): FIRST GEOCHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERIZATION.
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CULTRONE, G., MOLINA, E., GRIFA, C., and SEBASTIÁN, E.
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CERAMICS ,GEOCHEMISTRY ,MINERALOGY ,TEXTURES ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,FLUORIMETRY - Abstract
Ceramic fragments from the archaeological excavation of the Iberian-Roman city of Basti (Spain) were studied from a geochemical point of view and by applying a statistical tool to X-ray fluorescence data to discover similarities between ceramic materials. The analysis of these samples was completed by performing a mineralogical analysis, textural observation, and by characterizing the porous system and the colour of the pieces. Our results enabled us to identify the source area of the clayey raw material in the surroundings of Basti and to estimate the firing temperature of the ceramics. Differences in the chemistry were confirmed by characteristics of the pastes and the mineralogical composition of the pieces. Some samples show black cores, which would suggest the presence of organic matter in the raw material and fast firing of the ceramics. The main types of temper were quartz grains and gneiss fragments, although carbonate grains were also identified. Our evidence suggests that most of the samples were well fired. New silicate phases were found to be present in several samples. The mercury intrusion porosimetry verified and confirmed the firing temperature of non-carbonated samples. Colorimetry showed that the colour of the ceramics varied according to the amount of CaO that they contained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS OF PONTE ROTTO, A ROMAN BRIDGE ALONG THE ANCIENT APPIA
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Germinario, C., Gorrasi, M., Izzo, F., Langella, A., Limongiello, M., Mariano Mercurio, Musmeci, D., Santoriello, A., Grifa, C., Germinario, C., Gorrasi, M., Izzo, F., Langella, A., Limongiello, M., Mercurio, M., Musmeci, D., Santoriello, A., and Grifa, C.
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Photogrammetric survey ,Via appia ,Damage diagnosi ,Ponte Rotto ,Fitzner method ,Damage diagnosis ,Via Appia - Abstract
This paper describes the results of the damage diagnosis performed on Ponte Rotto, a Roman bridge on the ancient Appia way located close to the city of Benevento (southern Italy). Despite it can be considered one of the most important remains of this type of monument in Campania region, the bridge was abandoned for centuries, being in a rather poor state of conservation; therefore, an accurate damage diagnosis has been carried out using an interdisciplinary approach, in order to plan conservative, preventive and restoration work for the requalification of this archaeological heritage. Photogrammetric survey and damage diagnosis following the Fitzner's method allowed identifying and quantifying the geomaterials adopted for the construction of the bridge and the weathering forms affecting it. Georeferenced orthoimages permitted the mapping of their areal distribution, the definition of the damage categories, and the estimation of the linear and progressive damage indexes, that revealed a definitely bad conservation state.
54. Missione archeologica Vivara – Aspetti della ricerca scientifica degli ultimi anni
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Bertino, F., Carpentieri, A., Alberto De Bonis, Germinario, C., Giardino, C., Grifa, C., Vincenza GUARINO, Looz, L., Marazzi, M., Morra, V., Pepe, C., Leopoldo Repola, Scotto Di Carlo, N., Scotto Di Covella, M., Tilia, S., Trojsi, G., Zappatore, T., Bertino, F., Carpentieri, A., De Bonis, A., Germinario, C., Giardino, C., Grifa, C., Guarino, V., Looz, L., Marazzi, M., Morra, V., Pepe, C., Repola, L., Scotto Di Carlo, N., Scotto Di Covella, M., Tilia, S., Trojsi, G., and Zappatore, T.
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Protostoria, Campania, Età del Bronzo, Archeometallurgia - Abstract
The island of Vivara represents today one of the most important sites for the study of the relations between the Mycenaean world and Western Mediterranean cultures of the Bronze Age. This report presents the most significant results acquired through archaeological excavations in the last decade of research: the main housing structures, the corpus of Aegean-Mycenaean ceramics, the study of the topographical characteristics of the settlement, the traces of the ancient prehistoric port preserved under the surface of the sea. Further important results in the fields of petrographic, bioarchaeological, archaeometallurgical and three-dimensional surveys carried out with scanlaser, stereophotogrammetry and aerofotogrammetry are added.
55. «Pantellerian Ware» from Miseno (Campi Flegrei, Naples)
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Grifa, C., Langella, A., Vincenzo Morra, and Soricelli, G.
56. Inside the pottery: Composition, technology, sources, provenance and use
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Maritan, L., Grifa, C., and LUCA NODARI
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Geochemistry and Petrology ,Geology ,Geophysics
57. The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study
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Carmine Lubritto, R. C. Ponterio, Emanuela Massa, Francesco Izzo, Salvatore Schiavone, Viviana Mollica Nardo, Mariano Mercurio, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Celestino Grifa, Susanna Bracci, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Antonio Spagnuolo, Anna Pelagotti, Paola Ricci, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, Donata Magrini, Maria Emanuela Oddo, Carmela Vetromile, Giovanni Bartolozzi, Chiara Germinario, Stefano Maria Pagnotta, Natalia Rovella, Alberghina, M. F., Germinario, C., Bartolozzi, G., Bracci, S., Grifa, C., Izzo, F., la Russa, M. F., Magrini, D., Massa, E., Mercurio, M., Nardo, V. M., Oddo, M. E., Pagnotta, S. M., Pelagotti, A., Ponterio, R. C., Ricci, P., Rovella, N., Ruffolo, S. A., Schiavone, S., Spagnuolo, A., Vetromile, C., Zuchtriegel, G., Lubritto, C., Alberghina M. F., Germinario C., Bartolozzi G., Bracci S., Grifa C., Izzo F., la Russa M. F., Magrini D., Massa E., Mercurio M., Nardo V. M., Oddo M. E., Pagnotta S. M., Pelagotti A., Ponterio R. C., Ricci P., Rovella N., Ruffolo S. A., Schiavone S., Spagnuolo A., Vetromile C., Zuchtriegel G., and Lubritto C.
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Pigments ,History ,Light ,Raw Materials ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,archaeometric study ,Painting ,Paestum, archaeometry, the tomb of Diver ,Parallels ,Materials ,History, Ancient ,Minerals ,Multidisciplinary ,Physics ,Electromagnetic Radiation ,Calcite ,Historical Article ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Built Structures ,Mineralogy ,Chemistry ,Archaeology ,Italy ,paestum ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,0210 nano-technology ,Human ,Research Article ,Chemical Elements ,Visible Light ,Context (archaeology) ,Structural Engineering ,Science ,Materials Science ,Ancient history ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Humans ,Chemical Characterization ,tomb of the diver ,010401 analytical chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Temperature Analysis ,Earth Sciences ,frescoed tombs ,Paintings - Abstract
The Tomb of the Diver has been subject for many decades of fierce debate among archaeologists and classicists. Since its discovery in 1968, some scholars have considered it a unique example of the lost tradition of Greek painting, others have emphasized Etruscan or Italic parallels. More recently, a possible local production has been suggested. With the aim of trying to solve the archaeological question, an archaeometric comparison among this well-known artwork and several frescoed tombs coming from Hellenistic and Lucan necropolis was carried out. The multi-analytical study was focused on the identification of peculiar features of executive techniques and raw materials since the first period of the archaeological site. The analytical investigation has been preliminary based on a non-destructive approach, performed in-situ by portable equipment including imaging diagnostics and compositional spectroscopic techniques for identifying pigments and the conservation state of original painted surface; subsequently, a further deepening by using destructive techniques was performed in-lab for the mortar-based supports characterization. Archaeometric study suggested that technological choices slightly changed in a time span of about two centuries, highlighting important markers that allow clustering the contemporary artistic productions. Moreover, a comparison with mortars from temples decorations was provided to better understand the whole artistic context. The archaeometric data showed that the Tomb of the Diver could be traced back to a local artisanal tradition and therefore is neither Etruscan nor Greek, but the first and foremost an expression of the local elite culture of Paestum.
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- 2020
58. Multi-analytical characterization and provenance identification of protohistoric metallic artefacts from Picentia-Pontecagnano and the Sarno valley sites, Campania, Italy
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Serenella Scala, Maria Carmela Del Re, Giovanni Di Maio, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Alessio Langella, Mariano Mercurio, Roberto de Gennaro, Igor M. Villa, Carmela Petti, Giuseppina Balassone, Balassone, G., Mercurio, M., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Villa, I. M., Di Maio, G., Scala, S., de Gennaro, R., Petti, C., Del Re, M. C., Langella, A., Balassone, G, Mercurio, M, Germinario, C, Grifa, C, Villa, I, Di Maio, G, Scala, S, de’ Gennaro, R, Petti, C, Del Re, M, and Langella, A
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010506 paleontology ,Provenance ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Tin bronze ,GEO/08 - GEOCHIMICA E VULCANOLOGIA ,550 Earth sciences & geology ,0601 history and archaeology ,Metal object ,Bronze ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Sarno valley ,Instrumentation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,060102 archaeology ,Applied Mathematics ,06 humanities and the arts ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Archaeology ,Characterization (materials science) ,Ore provenance ,Pontecagnano ,engineering ,Spectroscopic technique ,Southern Italy ,Geology - Abstract
Protohistoric metal objects coming from the archaeological sites of Pontecagnano (Salerno, Italy) and Striano (Naples, Italy), preserved in the Pontecagnano National Archaeological Museum and the Paleontological Museum of Naples University “Federico II” have been studied by means of an archaeometric approach. A multi-analytical procedure including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and lead isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LIRMS), was used to characterize these objects thus providing hypotheses on the possible provenance of metallic raw materials. The investigated samples are represented by lead, silver, copper and tin bronze-based objects. Corrosion processes affecting the bronze objects were recognized as well as crusts and patinae at different stages of evolution. LIRMS analyses suggested that most of Pontecagnano artifacts were manufactured with metals from southern Tuscany, where important metal reserves were located. On the other hand, due to the limited number of samples, the provenance of the Striano objects cannot be unambiguously identified although data so far available suggest a Sardinian source.
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- 2018
59. Results of diagnostic campaign promoted by AIAr in the deposits of the Archaeological Museum of Paestum
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D. Angelici, G. Zuchtriegel, Susanna Bracci, Anna Pelagotti, Emanuela Sibilia, Salvatore Schiavone, Alessio Langella, Celestino Grifa, M. E. Oddo, Francesco Izzo, Donata Magrini, R. Costa, Mariano Mercurio, Chiara Germinario, F. Fantino, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Carmine Lubritto, Emanuela Massa, Paola Ricci, Oddo, M. E., Ricci, P., Angelici, D., Fantino, F., Sibilia, E., Alberghina, M. F., Schiavone, S., Grifa, C., Mercurio, M., Germinario, C., Izzo, F., Langella, A., Massa, E., Bracci, S., Magrini, D., Costa, R., Pelagotti, A., Zuchtriegel, G., Lubritto, C., Oddo, M, Ricci, P, Angelici, D, Fantino, F, Sibilia, E, Alberghina, M, Schiavone, S, Grifa, C, Mercurio, M, Germinario, C, Izzo, F, Langella, A, Massa, E, Bracci, S, Magrini, D, Costa, R, Pelagotti, A, Zuchtriegel, G, and Lubritto, C
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FORS ,Engineering (all) ,VIL imaging techniques ,media_common.quotation_subject ,XRF ,Materials Science (all) ,Art ,TR-FTIR ,Thermoluminescence dating ,Raman ,Archaeology ,Ancient technologies, Paestum ,media_common - Abstract
Thirty artefacts from the Archaeological Park of Paestum were investigated by means of scientific techniques on the occasion of the 2016 exhibition 'Possessione. Trafugamenti e falsi di antichita a Paestum'. The multi-analytic diagnostic campaign was aimed at identifying forgeries. Results provided a deeper understanding of both ancient technology and contemporary forgery techniques.
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- 2018
60. May a comprehensive mineralogical study of a jackstone calculus and some other human bladder stones unveil health and environmental implications?
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Ettore Varricchio, P. Saldutto, Giacomo Diego Gatta, Francesco Izzo, Celestino Grifa, Mariano Mercurio, L. Salzano, A. Langella, A. Carafa, G. Lotrecchiano, Chiara Germinario, Maria Chiara Di Meo, Mercurio, M., Izzo, F., Gatta, Giacomo Diego, Salzano, L., Lotrecchiano, G., Saldutto, P., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Varricchio, E., Carafa, A., Di Meo, Maria Chiara, and Langella, A.
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Environmental Engineering ,Human bladder ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental pollution ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Mercury (element) ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Biomonitoring ,medicine ,Calculus ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Bladder stones ,Calculus (medicine) ,Bladder stone ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Contaminated food - Abstract
This paper represents the first result of an active collaboration between the University of Sannio and the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Italy), started in the 2018, that aims to a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from Campania region. Herein, selected human bladder stones have been deeply characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring, focusing on the importance to evaluate the concentration and distribution of undesired trace elements by means of microscopic techniques in the place of conventional wet chemical analyses. A rare bladder stones with a sea-urchin appearance, known as jackstone calculus, were also investigated (along with bladder stones made of uric acid and brushite) by means a comprehensive analytical approach, including Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Simultaneous Thermal Analyses. Main clinical assumptions were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of bladder stones and information about patient’s medical history and lifestyle. In most of the analyzed uroliths, undesired trace elements such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic have been detected and generally attributable to environmental pollution or contaminated food. Simultaneous occurrence of selenium and mercury should denote a methylmercury detoxification process, probably leading to the formation of a very rare HgSe compound known as tiemannite.
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- 2021
61. Production technology of late Roman decorated tableware from the Vesuvius environs: Evidence from Pollena Trocchia (Campania region, Italy)
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Chiara Germinario, Giuseppe Cultrone, G. De Simone, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, M. Gorrasi, Alessio Langella, C. S. Martucci, Celestino Grifa, Christopher R. Vyhnal, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, A De Bonis, Germinario, C., Cultrone, G., De Bonis, A., De Simone, G. F., Gorrasi, M., Izzo, F., Langella, A., Martucci, C. S., Mercurio, M., Morra, V., Vyhnal, C. R., and Grifa, C.
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ceramic technology ,Archeology ,Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,decorated pottery ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Pollena Trocchia ,Vesuvius environs ,Ancient history ,late Roman period ,Geology - Abstract
The northern slope of Mt. Vesuvius contains some interesting archaeological sites, including the site discovered in the town of Pollena Trocchia, where the remains, dated to between the 79 and 472 CE eruptions, document the transition from the Roman to late Roman cultural and socioeconomic settings. Profound changes occurred in this time interval, which can be inferred from changes in the ceramic manufacturing processes. Common wares, as the most widespread ceramic class in the archaeological record, are a useful example that illustrates this technological transformation. Seventeen samples of tableware, distinguished into three ceramic classes according to the method of slip application (i.e., Slipped Ware, Painted Ware “a straccio,” and Painted Ware), were analyzed. The results highlight the use of high-CaO clayey raw materials compositionally similar to Apennine clayey deposits. The clay bodies were occasionally tempered with sandy-silt materials composed of volcanic grains with lesser amounts of siliciclastic fragments. Firing temperatures ranged from 800 to 950°C, as suggested by quantitative X-ray powder diffraction and microstructural analyses combined with colorimetric measurements of the ceramic bodies. Micro-Raman analyses performed on slips revealed the use of ochre for decorating the vessels; it was applied in a different way, representing an actual technological change.
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- 2020
62. Chabazite from Campanian Ignimbrite Tuff as a Potential and Sustainable Remediation Agent for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water
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Francesco Izzo, Alessio Langella, Bruno de Gennaro, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Concetta Rispoli, Mariano Mercurio, Izzo, F., Langella, A., de Gennaro, B., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Rispoli, C., and Mercurio, M.
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Circular economy ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,NSAIDs ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Water ,TJ807-830 ,zeolites ,chabazite-rich tuff ,Environment ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,minerals ,TD194-195 ,NSAID ,Renewable energy sources ,Green revolution and ecology transition ,Environmental sciences ,SMNZ ,ibuprofen ,green revolution and ecology transition ,water ,environment ,circular economy ,GE1-350 ,Mineral - Abstract
The technological performance of a chabazite-rich rock belonging to the Campanian Ignimbrite formation, outcropping in the nearby of San Mango sul Calore (southern Italy), has been evaluated for the sorption and release of ibuprofen sodium salt after a surface modification of the starting geomaterial using two different chlorinated surfactants. Equilibrium sorption isotherms and in vitro loading tests demonstrated that the maximum sorption capacities of this geomaterial reach up to 24.5 and 13.5 mg/g, respectively, for zeolite modified with cetylpyridinium and benzalkonium. These results, obtained by non-linear mathematical modeling of the experimental curves, are definitely compatible with the concentrations of the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) in wastewaters, which have been recently considered as contaminants of emerging concern. This investigation also encourages a new possible sustainable exploitation of the lithified yellow facies of Campanian Ignimbrite, although future developments will be focused on using more stable and eco-friendlier two-tailed surfactants.
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- 2022
63. Roman technological expertise in the construction of perpetual buildings: new insights into the wall paintings of a banquet scene from a tomb in Cumae (southern Italy)
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Chiara Germinario, Sabrina Pagano, Mariano Mercurio, Francesco Izzo, Alberto De Bonis, Vincenzo Morra, Priscilla Munzi, Marcella Leone, Elisa Conca, Celestino Grifa, Germinario, C., Pagano, S., Mercurio, M., Izzo, F., De Bonis, A., Morra, V., Munzi, P., Leone, M., Conca, E., and Grifa, C.
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Archeology ,Anthropology - Published
- 2022
64. Alkaline rocks of the Bobaomby volcanic field point to a petrogenetic link between Comoros and northern Madagascar lithosphere
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Ciro Cucciniello, Celestino Grifa, Roberto de’Gennaro, Luigi Franciosi, Ivana Rocco, Vincenzo Morra, Leone Melluso, Cucciniello, C., Grifa, C., De'Gennaro, R., Franciosi, L., Rocco, I., Morra, V., and Melluso, L.
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Basanite ,Northern Madagascar ,Bobaomby ,Nephelinite ,Phonolite ,Lamprophyre ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cumulate rock ,Tephrite - Abstract
The Bobaomby volcanic field (10–11 Ma) is the northernmost volcanic area of Madagascar, and is a monogenetic volcanic field comprising outcrops of lava flows, dykes, scoria cones, tuff rings and plugs, widely scattered over an area of roughly 500 km2. The volcanic rocks range in composition from nephelinite, basanite and tephrite, through tephritic phonolite, to F- and Cl-rich peralkaline phonolite (MgO from 13 to 0.01 wt%), and the serial affinity varies from sodic to potassic. A few mica-amphibole-rich lamprophyric dykes have tephritic composition and ultrapotassic affinity. The mafic lavas host intrusive xenoliths with evident cumulate features (wehrlites, composite olivine gabbros s.l., amphibole clinopyroxenites and “kaersutitites”), as well as various types of mantle-derived xenoliths and xenocrysts in the most primitive rocks. The very wide compositional variations of the observed phases (olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole, oxides, feldspars, feldspathoids, apatite, titanite, aenigmatite and other accessories) in lavas, dykes and cognate xenoliths are fully consistent with the variable degree of differentiation of the host lavas/dykes, and pointing out to limited open-system or polybaric crystallization. The mafic lavas have marked enrichment in incompatible elements and light rare-earth element (LREE) (e.g., Lan/Ybn = 19–27), whereas concave REE patterns are found in the peralkaline phonolites, as a result of removal of accessory titanite starting from tephritic phonolite magmas. The gabbroic/ultramafic xenoliths are interpreted as crustal cumulates of basanitic and tephritic magmas. Several liquid lines of descent in the basanites and tephrites are evident from the trace-element distribution, and from the differing geochemistry of the evolved rocks. The isotopic compositions reach extreme values (e.g., 206Pb/204Pb = 20.065 in the ultrapotassic lamprophyre) when compared to the rest of the Cenozoic/Recent Madagascan volcanic rocks, but similar to those of the Comoros archipelago, suggesting analogies of mantle sources and enrichment processes in the lithosphere of this volcanic archipelago. The origin of the Bobaomby mafic rocks is compatible from a derivation from low degree partial melting of an incompatible element-enriched peridotite source (possibly located in the lowermost lithospheric mantle) rich in volatile-rich phases (pargasite, locally also phlogopite and possibly carbonates), matching the sources of other Cenozoic volcanic areas throughout Madagascar, and perhaps Comoros.
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- 2022
65. A banquet scene in a tomb of Cuma (southern Italy): the study of wall paintings to shed light on Roman technological skills in 'building for eternity'
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Chiara Germinario, Sabrina Pagano, Mariano Mercurio, Francesco Izzo, Alberto De Bonis, Vincenzo Morra, Priscilla Munzi, Marcella Leone, Elisa Conca, Celestino Grifa, Germinario, C., Pagano, S., Mercurio, M., Izzo, F., De Bonis, A., Morra, V., Munzi, P., Leone, M., Conca, E., and Grifa, C.
- Abstract
Excavations at the north-eastern side of the city Cumae (modern Cuma) brought to light the Tomba del Banchetto per l’Eternità, a hypogeum chamber tomb with vaulted ceiling built in tuff blocks dated back to the first decades of the 1st century BCE. The exceptional nature of the discovery, resembling an Oscan tradition, is due to the peculiar decorative scheme, reporting a banquet scene and three funerary beds along with a table, reproducing a sort of triclinium.The investigation performed on decorated plasters, in situ by a spectroscopic approach and in-lab via minero-petrographic techniques, allowed us to infer the production technology of wall paintings and mortar-based support, and the type of pigments used for decorating the tomb.The multi-layered plasters were made with specific mix-designs in the different part of the tomb; similarly, different painting techniques were adopted according to the architectural scheme. In the lower part of the walls, lime cocciopesto mortars adhere on the tuff blocks, likely to lend better hydraulic properties to the mortar-based supports in humid and wet environments. This part of the tomb, as well as the funerary beds, was painted in red using the fresco technique. On the other hand, in the upper part of walls and on the vault, the arriccio layer, containing volcanic sand, was covered with a thick and white intonachino layer composed of lime binder, constituting the support for the pictorial layer, applied with a mezzo fresco technique.The investigation on pigments used for wall paintings points out to the use of a characteristic Roman palette, consisting of pure, natural and synthetic pigments (calcite, red and yellow ochre, hematite, organic black pigments, Egyptian blue), and skilful mixtures of colouring materials (mixture of yellow ochre and organic carbon black for the brown, mixture of kaolinite-rich clay, Egyptian blue, and Fe-oxides for grey and mixture of organic –madder- and inorganic pigments for pink).Geographical Coordinates: 40°51’3.13’’N; 14°3’27.33’’E
- Published
- 2022
66. The early porcelain kilns of Arita: Identification of raw materials and their use from the 17th to the 19th century
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Riccardo Montanari, Nobuyuki Murakami, Alberto De Bonis, Philippe Colomban, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Celestino Grifa, Francesco Izzo, Vincenzo Morra, Claudia Pelosi, Salvatore Schiavone, Montanari, R., Murakami, N., De Bonis, A., Colomban, P., Alberghina, M. F., Grifa, C., Izzo, F., Morra, V., Pelosi, C., and Schiavone, S.
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Biomaterials ,TP785-869 ,Ryumon ,Arita clay ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Shirakawa ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,Izumiyama ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Japanese porcelain - Abstract
Porcelain stone used at the early kilns of Arita, Japan, has never been identified due to the lack of written records. Ryumon and Shirakawa deposits are considered to have possibly been exploited before Izumiyama was discovered in the early 1630s, but there are no records or any previous scientific research aimed at resolving such crucial issue. This work presents the first systematic scientific study of clays from the three deposits and shards excavated at early kiln sites. Portable ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were used to identify the chemical compositions of bodies, glazes, and geochemical characteristics of clays. XRD, TG-DSC, and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy were also used for the mineralogical characterization of clay bodies. Results show that the earliest production was marked by the mineralogical characteristics of the available raw materials. A gradual improvement in material selection and processing will lead to the development of the nigoshide (milky-white) body in the mid-17th century.
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- 2022
67. The Mediterranean trading centre of Vivara (southern Italy): New insights on the production and circulation of pottery during the Bronze Age (16th – 15th century BCE)
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Chiara Germinario, Alberto De Bonis, Celestino Grifa, Vincenza Guarino, Massimiliano Marazzi, Carla Pepe, Concetta Rispoli, Monica Scotto di Covella, Vincenzo Morra, Germinario, C., De Bonis, A., Grifa, C., Guarino, V., Marazzi, M., Pepe, C., Rispoli, C., Scotto di Covella, M., and Morra, V.
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Vivara ,Archeology ,Tourmaline ,Bronze age pottery ,Mediterranean commercial route ,Phlegraean field - Abstract
The important discoveries at the recent archaeological excavations at Punta d'Alaca site in the west side of the Vivara island (Campania region) highlighted the presence of a Bronze Age thriving settlement attesting the development of a flourishing ceramic production, mainly specialized in the manufacturing of common wares. The archaeometric study performed on twenty representative samples by means of chemical and minero-petrographic techniques revealed that pottery was produced in-situ; however, locally-manufactured vessels here coexisted with imported ones. Coarse-textured, local potteries were made by low-CaO clays mixed with volcanic temper consistent with the volcanic products of Campanian volcanoes. The firing (likely a pit firing) was done in rough conditions, as proved by mineralogical evidence that suggest variable firing temperatures. In fact, low firing temperatures (
- Published
- 2022
68. Technology, exploitation and consumption of natural resources of traditional brick productions in Madagascar
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Antonio Carafa, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Piero Bareschino, Francesco Pepe, Celestino Grifa, A. Langella, Chiara Germinario, Giuseppe Cultrone, Ciro Cucciniello, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Grifa, C., Germinario, C., Mercurio, M., Izzo, F., Pepe, F., Bareschino, P., Cucciniello, C., Morra, V., Cultrone, G., Carafa, A., and Langella, A.
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Consumption (economics) ,Brick ,Peat ,Sediment ,Building and Construction ,Raw material ,Fuel ,Natural resource ,Basic knowledge ,Clayey sediment ,Environmental protection ,Madagascar ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,Firing ,Natural resources ,Energy source ,Brick production ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The history of brick manufacturing in Madagascar dates back to the early 1800 s when European colonisers imparted to the local population the basic knowledge for firing clayey sediment to obtain a more durable construction material. The evaluation of the entire production cycle accounting for the involved natural resources such as raw materials, fuels and derived bricks, represents the aim of this research started in 2015 and focused on both rural and urban contexts. Clayey raw materials from lateritic soils widely occur in central Madagascar whereas, in southern coastal sites, carbonate-bearing clays definitely prevail since their composition are influenced by the reef. Bricks are prepared on site with no additional manipulation of the base clay and, depending on the climatic conditions, the bricks are dried and fired from one week up to ten days. Furnaces are powered by rice husk in south-western part of the island whereas in central Madagascar the use of peat and wood was also recorded. The calorific performances of these common fuels allow achieving temperatures of 800–900 °C; however, the huge loss of heat due to the poor quality of the furnaces determine low equivalent firing temperatures (EFT) that negatively affect the quality of the bricks. The above described ceramic process has remained unchanged for more than 200 years and even if new social and economic opportunities arose, this unvirtuous system slowly (but inexorably) contributed to the impoverishment of important energy sources and, above all, of natural resources.
- Published
- 2021
69. Antifouling Mortars for Underwater Restoration
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Michela Ricca, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo, Mauro Francesco La Russa, Concetta Rispoli, Celestino Grifa, Aranzazu Sierra-Fernández, Rafael Fort, Luciana Randazzo, Ricca M., Ruffolo S.A., La Russa M.F., Rispoli C., Grifa C., Sierra-Fernandez A., Fort R., Randazzo L., Governo Italiano, Comunidad de Madrid, Ricca, Michela, Ruffolo, Silvestro Antonio, La Russa, Mauro Francesco, Rispoli, Concetta, Grifa, Celestino, Sierra-Fernández, Aranzazu, Fort, Rafael, and Randazzo, Luciana
- Subjects
restoration ,geomaterials ,biofouling, geomaterials, magnesium hydroxide, mortars, nanoparticles, restoration, submerged sites ,General Chemical Engineering ,biofouling ,submerged sites ,Petrología ,nanoparticles ,General Materials Science ,mortars ,magnesium hydroxide ,Settore GEO/09 -Georis. Miner.e Appl.Mineral.-Petrogr. per l'Ambi.ed i B.Cult - Abstract
This research has focused on the assessment of the compositional features and mechanical and antifouling performances of two different mortars formulated for an underwater setting, and which contain Mg(OH)2 as an antifouling agent. Regarding the mechanical characterization, the uniaxial compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. The composition of the materials was explored by differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS microanalysis. The assessment of the biological colonization was evaluated with colorimetric analysis and image analysis. The results suggest that both mortars have good mechanical resistance once set underwater. Moreover, the adding of Mg(OH)2 improves the resistance toward biofouling; this was observed both in laboratory and sea-exposed specimens.
- Published
- 2022
70. Ceramic building materials from the ancient Témesa (Calabria region, Italy): Raw materials procurement, mix-design and firing processes from the Hellenistic to Roman period
- Author
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Chiara Germinario, Alberto De Bonis, Filippo Barattolo, Luigi Cicala, Luigi Franciosi, Francesco Izzo, Alessio Langella, Mariano Mercurio, Vincenzo Morra, Bianca Russo, Ilaria Cicchiello, Celestino Grifa, Germinario, C., De Bonis, A., Barattolo, F., Cicala, L., Franciosi, L., Izzo, F., Langella, A., Mercurio, M., Morra, V., Russo, B., Cicchiello, I., and Grifa, C.
- Subjects
Calabria region ,Archeology ,Ceramic building material ,Pian della Tirena ,Ceramic technology ,Provenance of raw materials - Abstract
Ceramic building materials (CBM) are interesting archaeological items for gathering the material culture identity and urban setting of the ancient populations since their production is generally related to the local availability of clayey raw materials and advancements of technological skills of ancient makers. This paper investigates the Hellenistic and Roman productions of ceramic building materials from the archaeological site of Témesa on the Tyrrhenian coastline of Calabria region (southern Italy), a settlement where a flourishing ceramic tradition has been attested for all of its occupation phases, from the late Archaic to the Roman period. Here, the local availability of clayey and sandy raw materials permitted the development of a thriving worksite. A combined study of mineralogical, petrographic and micropaleontological features of archaeological samples and geological raw materials collected nearby the archaeological settlement, permitted to constrain the raw materials sources, and investigate the technological level achieved between the second half of the 4th century BCE and the 3rd century CE. This study highlighted that most of CBM was made by mixing sands from a nearby fluvial deposit with upper Miocene clayey raw materials. Chemical composition and micropaleontological investigation of the foraminiferal content of archaeological samples and clays validated the possible exploitation of local raw materials. Textural parameters and the mineralogical assemblage of temper grains, characterized by the peculiar presence of metamorphic lithics, also attested the use of Savuto river sands. Ceramic technology accounts for a firing process at reasonably high temperatures, evidencing the good technological level of production. Moreover, the presence of samples characterized by mix-designs and mineralogical assemblages consistent with geological materials from Campania region witnesses the importation of ceramic materials from other sites, suggesting the existence of operating trades as already attested for other sites of Tyrrhenian coast.
- Published
- 2022
71. The mafic alkaline volcanism of SW Madagascar (Ankililoaka, Tulear region): 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, geochemistry and tectonic setting
- Author
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Ciro Cucciniello, A. P. Le Roex, Fred Jourdan, Luigi Franciosi, Leone Melluso, Celestino Grifa, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Cucciniello, C., Le Roex, A. P., Jourdan, F., Morra, V., Grifa, C., Franciosi, L., and Melluso, L.
- Subjects
Peridotite ,Basalt ,Incompatible element ,geography ,Olivine ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geochemistry ,Trace element ,Geology ,engineering.material ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Mantle (geology) ,Volcanic rock ,engineering ,Mafic ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
High-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, major and trace element, and radiogenic isotope data are presented for the basanites and alkali basalts forming the southwesternmost monogenetic volcanic field in Madagascar. The volcanic rocks were erupted along fissure zones and aligned cones in a nearly flat area covered by the Cenozoic sediments of the Morondava basin. The high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages constrain the beginning of the magmatism in the Ankililoaka area to about 12 Ma, significantly earlier than suggested by previously published K/Ar ages. The Ankililoaka basanites include primitive compositions (MgO >10 wt%, Ni >200 ppm and Cr >400 ppm), whereas other basanites and alkali basalts experienced limited removal of olivine, chromiferous spinel and clinopyroxene. Initial Sr and Nd isotope ratios of the basanites are 0.70343–0.70445 and 0.51279–0.51282, respectively. The Pb isotope compositions are in the ranges 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 19.08–19.38, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.61–15.64 and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb = 39.1–39.4. The alkali basalts have similar 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 143 Nd/ 144 Nd and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, but slightly lower 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb than the basanites. The isotopic composition of the Ankililoaka rocks partially overlaps with that of the Cenozoic volcanic mafic rocks of northern Madagascar, and differs significantly from that of the mafic volcanic rocks of central Madagascar, which have lower 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, and higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr. Major and trace element systematics and geochemical modelling suggest that the Ankililoaka mafic alkaline rocks are low-degree melts of an incompatible element enriched peridotite source starting from depths where garnet is stable. Crustal contamination during ascent was insignificant. We argue that the genesis of the Ankililoaka alkaline magmas was triggered by melting an enriched, volatile-rich lithospheric mantle uplifted in the Cenozoic. Supplementary material: Analytical techniques, X-ray fluorescence whole-rock data, mineral compositions, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dataset, mantle source modelling and figures showing volcanological features and thin sections are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4065743
- Published
- 2018
72. Surface modified natural zeolites (SMNZs) as nanocomposite versatile materials for health and environment
- Author
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Bruno de Gennaro, Paolo Aprea, Aleksandra Daković, Alessio Langella, Danijela Smiljanic, Chiara Germinario, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Celestino Grifa, Piergiulio Cappelletti, Izzo, F., Mercurio, M., de Gennaro, B., Aprea, P., Cappelletti, P., Dakovic, A., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Smiljanic, D., and Langella, A.
- Subjects
Surface Properties ,Ibuprofen ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,01 natural sciences ,Non-linear regression ,Nanocomposites ,Surface-Active Agents ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Pulmonary surfactant ,Surfactant ,0103 physical sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Zeolite ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Toth ,Nanocomposite ,010304 chemical physics ,Chemistry ,Bilayer ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Cationic polymerization ,Sorption ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bayesian information criterion ,NSAID ,Emerging contaminant ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Drug Liberation ,Kinetics ,Chemical engineering ,Sip ,Zeolites ,Nižný hrabovec ,Counterion ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The present research deals with the evaluation of a clinoptilolite-rich rock, occurring in the Nižný Hrabovec deposit (Slovakia), for high-value technological applications based on sorption and in vitro release of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., ibuprofen sodium salt). This georesource was surface modified (SMNZ) using four cationic surfactants. Results demonstrate that ibuprofen sorption is very fast and SMZNs can sorb up to ˜26 mg/g of drug as a function of the type of counterion and morphology of surfactant, as well as the hydrophobicity and molecular structure of the drug. Maximum sorption capacities observed for all SMNZs are fully comparable to other adsorbent carriers usually used for removal of contaminants in wastewaters. Sorption of ibuprofen is controlled by a dual mechanism: external anionic exchange and partition into the hydrophobic portion of the patchy bilayer. A prompt drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was also observed, making this natural material also suitable to provide rapid soothing effects in potential pharmacological applications. Comparing the results of this study with other recent investigations, a good technological performance of clinoptilolite-rich rock can be inferred despite the relatively low zeolite content (˜56 wt.%).
- Published
- 2019
73. 3D-Scanning und petrographische Analysen in Ḫattuša und Yazılıkaya
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M. Marazzi, L. Repola, C. Pepe, V. Morra, C. Grifa, Marazzi, M., Repola, L., Pepe, C., Morra, V., and Grifa, C.
- Published
- 2019
74. The domus domini imperatoris Apicii built by Frederick II along the Ancient Via Appia (southern Italy): An example of damage diagnosis for a Medieval monument in rural environment
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Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Francesca Cilenti, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Michele Gorrasi, Antonella Furno, Alessio Langella, Izzo, F., Furno, A., Cilenti, F., Germinario, C., Gorrasi, M., Mercurio, M., Langella, A., and Grifa, C.
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History ,business.industry ,Brandi's theory ,Damage diagnosi ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Ancient Via Appia ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Masonry ,Archaeology ,Rural environment ,0201 civil engineering ,Building archaeology ,Frederick II ,Mortar ,Biodeterioration ,021105 building & construction ,Medieval monument ,Building material ,General Materials Science ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
A stratigraphic analysis applied to the architectural remains of the medieval domus Apicii (Calvi, Benevento) allowed to define four main building periods characterized by different materials and masonry techniques. Intense biological colonization and other damage pathologies affect the building geomaterials. A quantitative evaluation of the conservation state of the monument accounts for a moderate to a very severe damage, with a progressive damage index (DIprog) up to 3.3 value. The results of this multidisciplinary investigation represent an important starting point for an ethically acceptable making-decision process within a modern restoration and conservation of the monument.
- Published
- 2020
75. External reflectance FTIR dataset (4000–400 cm−1) for the identification of relevant mineralogical phases forming Cultural Heritage materials
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Alessio Langella, Celestino Grifa, Chiara Germinario, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Izzo, F., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Langella, A., and Mercurio, M.
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Rocks ,Cultural Heritage material ,Optical anisotropy ,Kramers-Kronig transformation ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Mineral ,Remote sensing ,Analytical technique ,Organic compound ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Reflectivity ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Characterization (materials science) ,Cultural heritage ,Identification (information) ,Fourier transform ,symbols ,0210 nano-technology ,Reflectance infrared spectroscopy ,Geology - Abstract
The use of vibrational spectroscopy is gaining more and more relevance in the field of the identification and characterization of Cultural Heritage materials. In this frame we propose and discuss a copious collection of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra acquired in external reflectance (ER) mode (4000–400 cm−1), which is a non-destructive and inexpensive analytical technique. Up to 192 spectra were collected, processed and made free-available to the scientists and professionals working in the Cultural Heritage sector. Color and inclusions, optical anisotropy, polymorphism and isomorphism, water content, crystallinity index, polyphasicity are some properties that have driven to rationale of the paper for discriminating groups of geomaterials usually found in studies aimed at the valorization and conservation of Cultural Heritage. Finally, this study offers a robust opportunity to beginners who intend to use ERFTIR as a tool in the field of qualitative and non-destructive mineralogical analysis.
- Published
- 2020
76. Radiocarbon dating of mortars: Contamination effects and sample characterisation. The case-study of Andalusian medieval castles (Jaén, Spain)
- Author
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Celestino Grifa, Irene Montilla Torres, Alessio Langella, Paola Ricci, Chiara Germinario, Mariaelena Fedi, Vicente Salvatierra Cuenca, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Carmine Lubritto, Lubritto, C., Ricci, P., Germinario, C., Izzo, F., Mercurio, M., Langella, A., Cuenca, V. S., Torres, I. M., Fedi, M., Grifa, C., Lubritto, Carmine, Ricci, Paola, Germinario, Chiara, Izzo, Francesco, Mercurio, Mariano, Langella, Alessio, Cuenca, Vicente Salvatierra, Torres, Irene Montilla, Fedi, Mariaelena, and Grifa, Celestino
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Radiocarbon dating ,010506 paleontology ,Gypsum ,Sample (material) ,Geochemistry ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,0601 history and archaeology ,Andalusian castle ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,060102 archaeology ,Applied Mathematics ,06 humanities and the arts ,Contamination ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mortar ,Igneous rock ,FTIR spectroscopy ,Age estimation ,engineering ,Geology - Abstract
Since 1960s, mortars have been exploited as a potential material for radiocarbon dating and, despite the fact that this methodology appears very simple in its principles, some measured radiocarbon ages were definitely different from the expected historic ages. The paper concerns to the characterisation of mortars from three Andalusian castles (Spain) by means of different mineralogical techniques in order to control “contamination effect” that could affect age estimation. Several mixtures of binders and aggregates composed the archaeological mortars; lime-based or gypsum-based binders were distinguished whereas the aggregates varied from carbonates to intrusive igneous rocks. The radiocarbon dating provided good results for lime-based mortars with silicate aggregate; conversely, for other specimens the method for sample preparation (Cryo2SoniC) was improved increasing the ultrasonic time and decreasing the mesh size. The research points out the importance of a multi-analytical approach aimed at improving a widely accepted protocol for 14C dating of archaeological mortars.
- Published
- 2018
77. The black-glaze production in the Tyrrhenian coast of southern Italy: a review of the archaeometric data
- Author
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Alberto de Bonis, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Vincenza Guarino, Alessio Langella, Vincenzo Morra, Bianca Ferrara, Priscilla Munzi, Antonia Serritella, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre Jean Berard (CJB), Ecole française de Rome (EFR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Marina Ugarković, Alberto De Bonis, De Bonis, A., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Guarino, V., Langella, A., Morra, V., Ferrara, B., Munzi, P., and Serritella, A.
- Subjects
Vernice nera ,Archeometria ,Costa tirrenica ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2017
78. Non-invasive FTIR spectroscopy: New preliminary data for the identification of mineralogical phases forming Cultural Heritage materials
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Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Alessio Langella, Chiara Germinario, Celestino Grifa, Mercurio, M., Germinario, C., Grifa, C., Izzo, F., and Langella, A.
- Subjects
Calcite ,FTIR reflectance ,Mineral ,Hardstone carvings ,Non invasive ,Mineralogy ,Geology ,Cultural Heritage ,Reflectivity ,Cultural heritage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Geography ,chemistry ,Gemstone ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Absorbance spectra ,Quartz - Abstract
This paper focuses on the application of external reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy for the classification of some minerals commonly used as gemstones and mineral collection: quartz (colourless, tourmalinated and smoky varieties), calcite and aragonite. The results highlight the differences between reflectance and absorbance spectra, allowing a faster, cheaper and non-destructive approach for the identification of monocrystalline minerals.
- Published
- 2017
79. A ‘Geo-Pedo-Fingerprint’ (GPF) as a tracer to detect univocal parent material-to-wine production chain in high quality vineyard districts, Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy)
- Author
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Thomas Prohaska, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Eleonora Grilli, Celestino Grifa, Mariano Mercurio, Pierclaudio Odierna, Alessio Langella, Elio Coppola, Andrea Buondonno, Mercurio, M, Grilli, E, Odierna, P, Morra, V, Prohaska, T, Coppola, Elio, Grifa, C, Buondonno, Andrea, Langella, A., Mercurio, Mariano, Eleonora, Grilli, Pierclaudio, Odierna, Morra, Vincenzo, Thomas, Prohaska, Elio, Coppola, Celestino, Grifa, Andrea, Buondonno, and Langella, Alessio
- Subjects
Wine ,Provenance ,Soil test ,Soil Science ,Mineralogy ,Soil science ,Fractionation ,Strontium isotope ratio ,Vineyard ,Piedirosso vineyard ,Nutrient ,MC-ICPMS ,TRACER ,Soil horizon ,Campi Flegrei ,Geo-Pedo-Fingerprint (GPF) ,Geology - Abstract
An interdisciplinary study, involving geologists, chemists and pedologists, started aiming at identifying a "Geo-Pedo-Fingerprint" (GPF) univocally linking the wine to its origin, namely, the Piedirosso vineyards growing in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area. The focal point of this research was the characterization of the whole parent material-soil-vineyard-wine system, achieved by correlating the elemental pattern - with special reference to micro-nutrients and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) - and Sr isotopic ratios, to identify a reliable and convenient 'GPF', as a guaranteed indicator of wine provenance. A representative soil/Piedirosso vineyard system was identified and characterized. Samples from each soil horizon as well as from vine branches, leaves, grapes and wine were collected and analyzed. All samples were analyzed by multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) to determine their 87Sr/86Sr isotopic composition, by ICP-Quadrupole MS to measure multi-elemental composition including REE, and by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) for the quantitative evaluation of the mineral phases occurring in soil samples.Statistical analysis (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis) revealed the existence of separate correlations of element distribution between: i) soil, as nutrient pool source, and vegetative compartments, i.e. branches and leaves, as biochemical yards for nutrient elaboration and marshaling, ii) vegetative compartments and the productive compartment, i.e. grapes as the metabolic outcome of the vine, and, iii) the productive compartment and its artifact produced by man, i.e. wine. However, no sequential correlation of elements from soil to wine did appear, likely because clusters of elements were discriminated due to the varying takeup and fractionation processes in plants, as well as during vinification processes. Therefore, none of the investigated elements was a liable 'GPF' as a candidate tracer from soil to wine.In contrast, the use of a petrogenetic tracer such as 87Sr/86Sr isotopic composition provided satisfactory responses. In fact, the values of such a ratio within the entire studied chain vary in a very small range from 0.7076 to 0.7084, thus falling within the typical range for volcanites of Campi Flegrei (0.7065-0.7086). These results currently represent the only study focusing on a geotracer, such as the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio, linked with a pedological survey to identify the volcanic Campanian wine-producing chains from soil parent material-to-wine. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2014
80. A Late Roman ceramic production from Pompeii
- Author
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Alberto De Bonis, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Celestino Grifa, Alessio Langella, Mariano Mercurio, Gianluca Soricelli, Grifa, C, DE BONIS, Alberto, Langella, A, Mercurio, M, Soricelli, G, and Morra, Vincenzo
- Subjects
Archeology ,Pottery ,Volcanic temper ,Pompei, ceramica, depositi argillosi, degrassante vulcanico ,Pompeii, pottery, clayey deposit, volcanic temper ,Pompei ,Archaeology ,visual_art ,depositi argillosi ,Clayey deposit ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Pompeii ,Table (landform) ,ceramica ,degrassante vulcanico ,Ceramic ,Exchange network ,Geology - Abstract
The Via Lepanto site is one of the best examples showing how the Vesuvian region was partially reconstructed and earlier re-occupied after Vesuvius's eruption in the year 79 AD. The large amount of ceramic finds illustrates the typology in use in this area during the IV and V century AD. Analyses were focused on table and cooking ware productions. Archaeometric data were obtained using chemical and minero-petrographical methods (OM, XRD, XRF and SEM). Grain size measurements using Image Analyses on thin sections and a geochemical comparison with clayey deposits outcropping in the Campania region permitted the identification of the raw materials used for these pottery productions. XRD and SEM completed the data set, establishing the protocols used for pottery production in the Pompeii area during Late Roman period. The Via Lepanto site was part of an exchange network of markets with a periodic frequency, where locally produced and imported pottery was sold, indicating a flourishing network of exchanges spanning short, medium and long distances.
- Published
- 2013
81. The combined use of steam-treated bentonites and natural zeolites in the oenological refining process
- Author
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M. de Gennaro, Francesco Izzo, Mariano Mercurio, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, B. de Gennaro, Alessio Langella, D. L. Bish, V. Mercurio, Celestino Grifa, Piergiulio Cappelletti, Mercurio, M., Bish, D. L., Cappelletti, Piergiulio, DE GENNARO, Bruno, DE GENNARO, Maurizio, Grifa, C., Izzo, F., Mercurio, V., Morra, Vincenzo, and Langella, A.
- Subjects
Wine ,Chabazite ,Natural zeolite ,Tartaric stability ,Chromatography ,Steam-treated bentonite ,Potassium ,Ion chromatography ,Phillipsite ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,White wine ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,0201 civil engineering ,Electrokinetic phenomena ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Bentonite ,Protein stability ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Refining (metallurgy) - Abstract
Industrial minerals, particularly bentonites, have long been used in treatments to improve the stability and shelf life of white wines. We evaluated a new combination of rocks and minerals, including steam-treated bentonites and natural zeolites (chabazite and phillipsite), to greatly reduce the risk of protein and tartaric instability of wines. Detailed mineralogical, chemical and electrokinetic studies of these materials were conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), microporosimetry, BET surface-area analysis and zeta-potential measurements. Several model wine solutions containing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were prepared to evaluate the oenological performance of the rock/mineral combinations. UV-VIS spectrophotometry and ion chromatography were used to evaluate the degree of wine stabilization from the protein and tartaric point of view.The experimental results showed that steam treatment modifies both the microporosity and external surface area of the bentonite. These changes in surface area, along with creation of hydrophobic surfaces, significantly modified the behaviour of the steam-treated bentonites, requiring an increase in the amount of material necessary to bring the protein content to required levels. An important benefit derived from the use of steam-treated bentonites is that the pre-mixing with water before addition to wine is not necessary, as the material is readily dispersed. Finally, the addition of natural zeolites effectively decreased the potassium content, thereby improving the tartaric stability of white wines. In addition, this procedure results in minimal waste, as the bentonite-zeolite mixture can be reused as soil amendments in agriculture.
- Published
- 2016
82. The Domus of Octavius Quartio in Pompeii: Damage diagnosis of the masonries and frescoed surfaces
- Author
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Grifa, Celestino, SALVATORE BARBA, FAUSTA FIORILLO, Chiara, Germinario, Izzo, Francesco, Mariano, Mercurio, DANIELA MUSMECI, Pontrandolfo, Angela, Alfonso Santoriello, Toro, Pietro, Alessio, Langella, Grifa, C., Barba, S., Fiorillo, F., Germinario, C., Izzo, F., Mercurio, M., Musmeci, D., Potrandolfo, A., Santoriello, A., Toro, P., and Langella, A.
- Subjects
Mortar ,Travertine ,Damage ,Fitzner's method ,Mortars ,Octavio Quartio domus ,Pompeii ,Weathering forms ,Fitzner’s method ,Octavio Quartio domu ,damage ,weathering forms ,mortars ,travertine - Abstract
Domus of Octavius Quartio occupies the entire insula 2 of Region II in Pompeii, representing one of the most important village of this archaeological site. An interdisciplinary approach has been adopted in order to plan conservative, preventive and restoration actions aimed at the requalification of Pompeii within the frame of "Grande Progetto Pompei" program. 3D Laser scanner surveys and damage diagnosis following Fitzner's method were carried out. The identification and description of weathering forms was carried out using ICOMOS-ISCS and NorMaL 1/88 recommendations, readapted and reinterpreted also for frescoes. Ten different weathering forms were identified; the frescoed room and the fountain are mainly affected by fissures, convex deformations, lacuna, efflorescence, discoloration, moist areas and patinas; the surrounding wall shows back weathering due to the disaggregation of bedding mortars; moreover the blocks are interested by rounding and biological colonization (lichens). Mapping the areal distribution of weathering forms and defining the damage categories, allowed an estimation of the linear and progressive damage index. Actually, a good conservation state of frescoed room (1.5 - 2.0) and fountain (0.7 - 1.2) was identified; a definitely worse conservation state, instead, was observed in the external wall, where the highest progressive damage index value (3) was measured.
- Published
- 2016
83. Evidence for Holocenic uplift at Somma-Vesuvius
- Author
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Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Diana Barra, Antonio Varone, Celestino Grifa, Ria Berg, Aldo Marturano, Giuseppe Aiello, Lorenzo Fedele, Marturano, A., Aiello, G., Barra, Diana, Fedele, Lorenzo, Grifa, C., Morra, Vincenzo, Berg, R., and Varone, A.
- Subjects
Environmental evolution ,Paleontology ,Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Subaerial ,Phanerozoic ,Borehole ,Quaternary ,Geomorphology ,Cenozoic ,Geology ,Holocene ,Sea level - Abstract
Detailed stratigraphical, archaeological, micropalaeontological, archaeometrical and petrochemical analyses of samples from trenches and boreholes at insula of Casti Amanti, in Pompeii, allowed a faithful reconstruction of the recent environmental evolution of the site. The present data clearly indicate the alternation of both subaerial and shallow marine conditions during Holocene times. Taking into account the relative local sea level variations, a similar to 30 m ground uplift event in the last 6 kyr (with an average vertical uplift rate of similar to 5 mm/yr) was inferred for the first time.
- Published
- 2009
84. The crystallization of shoshonitic to peralkaline trachyphonolitic magmas in a H2O-Cl-F- rich environment at Ischia (Italy), with implications for the feeder system of the Campania Plain volcanoes
- Author
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Vincenza Guarino, Celestino Grifa, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Luigi Franciosi, Leone Melluso, R. de’ Gennaro, Melluso, Leone, Morra, Vincenzo, Guarino, Vincenza, DE GENNARO, Roberto, Franciosi, Luigi, and Grifa, C.
- Subjects
Olivine ,Anorthoclase ,Geochemistry ,Lava dome ,Geology ,engineering.material ,Sanidine ,Peralkaline rock ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Magma ,engineering ,Phenocryst ,Mafic - Abstract
Bulk-rock and mineralogical characterization of massive samples (lava flows, lava domes, scoria, spatter), chosen to be representative of different activity periods and of the whole known compositional range of Ischia island (Roman Magmatic Province, Campanian district) is reported in this paper. The rocks vary in composition from shoshonites to peralkaline trachyphonolites. Crystallization started with Al-rich chromite inclusions and their host magnesian olivine in shoshonites and latites, and ended with lavenite, rinkite, kochite, hiortdahlite, hainite, Mn-aenigmatite, britholite and Ti–Zr-rich aegirine in the groundmass of the peralkaline trachyphonolites. Removal of feldspar-bearing assemblages (with calcic-to-sodic plagioclase in shoshonites and latites, sodic sanidine and anorthoclase in trachytes and trachyphonolites) is established throughout the compositional range, and is accompanied by interaction between variably evolved magmas (with their differing phenocryst assemblage), mostly in mafic and intermediate compositions. This led to enrichment in Mn, alkalis, Zr, Nb, REE, Rb, Th, U, Cl and F, and depletion in Mg, Fe, V, Ca, Ba, Sr and Eu in the most evolved magmas. The Ischian rocks have a tendency to sodic affinity and by peculiar mineral compositions and compositional trends, which do not indicate extremely oxidizing conditions. The Ischian rocks thus differ from the Phlegrean Fields analogues and the ultrapotassic, more silica undersaturated rocks of Somma–Vesuvius. Overall, variations in the chemical compositions of the rocks and their trends imply unrelated feeding systems and thus are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a common magma reservoir beneath the main volcanic areas of the Campanian Plain.
- Published
- 2014
85. The sanctuary of Hera at the mouth of the Sele River: archaeometric analyses for the reconstruction of black glaze ware production at Paestum
- Author
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FERRARA, BIANCA, GUARINO, VINCENZA, DE BONIS, ALBERTO, MORRA, VINCENZO, C. Grifa, A. Langella, G. Greco, L. Cicala, Ferrara, Bianca, Guarino, Vincenza, DE BONIS, Alberto, Morra, Vincenzo, Grifa, C., and Langella, A.
- Subjects
archeomey ,archaeology ,fabrics - Published
- 2014
86. The pottery workshop area at piazza nicola amore, naples. Black-glaze and common ware production: archaeology and archaeometry
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Giampaola D., S. Febbraro, C. Grifa, A. Langella, DE BONIS, ALBERTO, GUARINO, VINCENZA, MORRA, VINCENZO, G. Greco, L. Cicala, Giampaola, D., Febbraro, S., DE BONIS, Alberto, Guarino, Vincenza, Morra, Vincenzo, Grifa, C., and Langella, A.
- Published
- 2014
87. Innovative non-destructive investigation of problematics in historical ceramic tilings via acoustic and electromagnetic techniques
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COLLA, CAMILLA, GABRIELLI, ELENA, R. Polei, Piovesan R, Maritan L, Grifa C, C. Colla, R. Polei, and E. Gabrielli
- Subjects
ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES ,historic ceramics tiling ,Electromagnetic techniques - Published
- 2013
88. Petrology and Geochemistry of Cretaceous Mafic and Silicic Dykes and Spatially Associated Lavas in Central-Eastern Coastal Madagascar
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M. Vincent, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Ciro Cucciniello, Leone Melluso, Celestino Grifa, Mariano Mercurio, J. Conrad, R.D. Tucker, Srivastava R.K., Cucciniello, Ciro, Conrad, J., Grifa, C., Melluso, Leone, Mercurio, M., Morra, Vincenzo, Tucker, R. D., and Vincent, M.
- Subjects
Basalt ,Fractional crystallization (geology) ,Olivine ,Geochemistry ,Silicic ,engineering.material ,Precambrian ,age ,eastern Madagascar ,Rhyolite ,engineering ,Plagioclase ,dyke ,Mafic ,Petrology ,petrogenesi ,Geology - Abstract
Late Cretaceous dykes and lavas from central-eastern coastal Madagascar (Vatomandry and Mahatsara districts) span a compositional range from basalt to rhyolite. The dykes strike N–S, parallel to the coast, and intrude the Precambrian schists and gneisses of the area. 40Ar/39Ar age determinations on rhyolite from Sakanila massif (western Vatomandry) gave an age of 86.4 ± 0.3 Ma, which is statistically equivalent to the mean age of eastern rifted-margin rocks of Madagascar. Basaltic dykes are generally tholeiitic varying from olivine-normative to quartz-normative, and characterized by relatively low MgO (4.8–8.0 wt%), Cr (61–341 ppm) and Ni (36–128 ppm) contents. The mantle-normalized diagrams have bell-shaped patterns, with the most Mg-rich dykes having
- Published
- 2011
89. Byzantine ceramic production from Cuma (Campi Flegrei, Napoli)
- Author
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Celestino Grifa, Priscilla Munzi, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Alessio Langella, Centre Jean Berard (CJB), Ecole française de Rome (EFR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Grifa, C, Morra, Vincenzo, and A. LANGELLA AND P., Munzi
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,History ,060102 archaeology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Mineralogy ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0601 history and archaeology ,Ceramic ,Byzantine architecture ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
International audience; Samples of table and cooking ware, dating back to the Byzantine period of the ancient Greek colony of Cuma, were analysed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, in order to reconstruct the main technological properties of these manufactures. The comparison of minero-petrographical data from these samples with those of some kiln wastes allowed us to hypothesize a local manufacture for most of the investigated specimens and to confirm the relative reference groups. A restricted number of samples did not link with the main groups, indicating a regional (or maybe extra-regional) production, in agreement with the widespread circulation of this high-medieval ceramic production in southern Italy.
- Published
- 2009
90. Le ceramiche comuni di Cuma
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Laetitia Cavassa, Alessio Langella, A De Bonis, Morra, Celestino Grifa, De Bonis, A., Cavassa, L., Grifa, C., Langella, A., and Morra, Vincenzo
- Subjects
Archaeology ,archéologie ,céramique gallo-romaine ,céramique romaine ,production artisanale ,commerce ,Geology - Abstract
Gli scavi effettuati a Cuma dai ricercatori del Centre Jean Bérard hanno riportato alla luce una grande quantità di reperti ceramici. Il presente studio è stato concentrato su ceramiche comuni da cucina e su di un particolare tipo di ceramica da cucina a vernice rossa interna, denominato Rosso Pompeiano. Tutti i frammenti sono costituiti da degrassante vulcanico: feldspato, clinopirosseno, scorie, pomici, litici e, in minor quantità biotite, anfibolo, granato e scorie a leucite. Dal punto di vista chimico i campioni analizzati si suddividono in due gruppi principali costituiti indifferentemente da campioni di entrambe le tipologie. La distinzione fra i due raggruppamenti è dovuta alla differente quantità di inclusi presente nei frammenti, come messo in evidenza dall’analisi modale. I dati XRD e SEM indicano che la maggioranza dei campioni fu sottoposta a temperature di cottura in un intervallo compreso fra 900 e 1000°C. Fanno eccezione alcuni campioni di un gruppo di ceramica a vernice rossa interna per i quali sono ipotizzate temperature inferiori, comprese fra 800 e 850°C.
- Published
- 2009
91. Ceramic replicas of archaeological artefacts in Benevento area (Italy): Petrophysical changes induced by different proportions of clays and temper
- Author
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A De Bonis, Alessio Langella, Giuseppe Cultrone, Eduardo Sebastian, Celestino Grifa, Mariano Mercurio, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Grifa, C., Cultrone, G., Langella, A., Mercurio, M., DE BONIS, A., Sebastián, E., and Morra, Vincenzo
- Subjects
Prima materia ,Clayey raw material ,Volcanic temper ,Petrophysics ,Pyroclastic rock ,Mineralogy ,Geology ,Pore system ,Raw material ,Archaeology ,Benevento ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Archaeological artefact ,Ceramic ,Ceramic replica - Abstract
The Gran Potenza clay and the Pomici di Avellino pyroclastics, respectively the clay sediments and temper of the typical ceramic manufacture in Benevento area (Italy). were mixed in different proportion and fired at 850 degrees, 900 degrees and 950 degrees C. These experimental replicas were compared with historical ceramic products of Benevento. The similarities and/or differences between archaeological materials and replicas (in terms of amount of temper, firing temperature, pore system, etc.) have been discussed. The whole data confirm the wide utilization of the local available clayey raw material and the Pomici di Avellino, and give a new contribution on the petrophysical modifications of volcanic-rich ceramic pastes that occur in the firing temperature range comprised between 850 degrees and 950 degrees C. Some peculiar features in the historical manufacturing are also reported.
- Published
- 2009
92. Ceramiche tardo antiche da Pompei
- Author
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Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Ernesto De Carolis, Celestino Grifa, Alessio Langella, Gianluca Soricelli, De Carolis, E., Grifa, C., Langella, A., Morra, Vincenzo, and Soricelli, G.
- Subjects
Archaeology ,archéologie ,media_common.quotation_subject ,céramique gallo-romaine ,céramique romaine ,Art ,production artisanale ,commerce ,media_common - Abstract
I risultati di scavi recenti mostrano la relativa vitalità dell’area vesuviana dopo la disastrosa eruzione del 79 d.C. In particolare, i materiali ceramici provenienti dallo scavo di via Lepanto possono offrire una esemplificazione dei prodotti circolanti in quest’area tra lo scorcio del IV e gli inizi del V secolo. Essi provengono da una serie di scarichi che almeno in un’area dello scavo risultavano sigillati da un piano di battuto a sua volta coperto dal materiale piroclastico dell’eruzione cd. di «Pollena» (473 d.C.) Sulla base della sigillata chiara D, questi materiali possono essere datati al più tardi ai primi decenni del V secolo. Le analisi archeometriche eseguite su un ampio campione di materiali suggeriscono per larga parte delle ceramiche comuni e da fuoco una produzione locale, pur non mancando prodotti di importazione
- Published
- 2009
93. Tecniche paleontologiche per la caratterizzazione di ceramiche neolitiche ed argille affioranti presso Partanna (TP)
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D. Farnetano, P. Di Martino, C. Grifa, G. Trojse, S. Tusa, BARATTOLO, FILIPPO, LANGELLA, ALESSIO, MORRA, VINCENZO, Farnetano, D, DI MARTINO, P, Grifa, C, Langella, A, Morra, Vincenzo, Barattolo, Filippo, Trojsi, G, Tusa, S., D., Farnetano, P., Di Martino, C., Grifa, Langella, Alessio, G., Trojse, and S., Tusa
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Ceramica ,Sicilia ,Paleontologia ,Neolitico - Published
- 2005
94. Technological features of glazed Protomajolica ware from Benevento (Italy)
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Celestino GRIFA, Morra, V., Langella, A., Cultrone, G., Sebastian, E., Grifa, C., Morra, V., Langella, Alessio, Cultrone, G., and Sebastian, E.
- Subjects
Pottery | Archaeological Ceramics | Amphorae - Abstract
The production of glazed ceramics in Italy started in 13th century, following Islamic tradition and techniques. Protomajolica samples from two medieval archaeological sites in Benevento were analyzed from mineralogical and petrographical points of view to identify and characterize the local production of fine glazed wares. Samples are represented by jugs, amphorae, bowls and dishes finely decorated and covered by thin inner and/or outer glazed surfaces. The colour of almost all the investigated sherds varies from creamy to orange even though, from the same archaeological levels, dark grey coloured ceramic fragments likely affected by overburning of the paste (kiln refuses) were collected.Optical microscopy observations, chemical (XRF) and physical (XRD) analyses allowed to reconstruct the steps of the manufacture process, and to identify a homogeneous group of samples likely belonging to a local production area of Protomajolica, a ceramic class widespread over the Central-Southern Italy between the 13th and the 15th century.
95. Using X-ray fluorescence and diffraction to elucidate source materials and firing conditions of pompeian ceramics
- Author
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Grifa, Celestino, Mercurio, Mariano, Germinario, Chiara, Bish, David, Bonis, Alberto, Vincenzo Morra, Cappelletti, Piergiulio, Cavassa, Laetitia, Langella, Alessio, Grifa, C., Mercurio, M., Germinario, C., Bish, DAVID LEE, De Bonis, A., Morra, V., Cappelletti, P., Cavassa, L., and Langella, A.
96. Geotraceability of Falanghina del Sannio (South Italy): Preliminary mineralogical and isotopic data.
- Author
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Mercurio M, Cappelletti P, Di Renzo V, Grifa C, Guarino C, Izzo F, Magliulo P, Mercurio V, Tranfa P, Zuzolo D, D'Antonio M, and Langella A
- Abstract
The present study gathers mineralogical and isotopic geochemical data of 45 soil samples collected from the La Guardiense and Cantina di Solopaca wineries (Southern Italy) in order to provide useful information for the geotraceability of Falanghina white wine terroir . Mineralogical analyses show the ubiquitous presence of quartz, frequent and moderate contents of feldspars and phyllosilicates (i.e., illite/mica, kaolinite, and smectite). Rhizosphere soils from La Guardiense vineyards show a strontium isotope signature (
87 Sr/86 Sr) ranging from 0.708604 to 0.711234 (average 0.710334; 1σ = 0.000943; n = 7) for the total fraction and a narrower range (from 0.706907 to 0.708807; average 0.708120; 1σ = 0.000641; n = 7) for the bioavailable one. For the rhizosphere soils collected from the vineyards of Cantina di Solopaca winery,87 Sr/86 Sr ratios range from 0.708268 to 0.712413 (average 0.710145; 1σ = 0.001622; n = 8) and from 0.707968 to 0.709157 (average 0.708384; 1σ = 0.000409; n = 8) for the total and the bioavailable fraction, respectively. Actually, the bioavailable Sr fraction shows a narrower range of87 Sr/86 Sr ratios compared to that of the total fraction, making the former more suitable for any study of wine traceability., (© 2024 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) Tri-Block Copolymer as Quercetin Delivery System for Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Study.
- Author
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Ferrentino N, Romano MP, Zappavigna S, Abate M, Del Vecchio V, Romano D, Germinario C, Grifa C, Filosa R, and Pappalardo D
- Abstract
Quercetin is a hydrophobic molecule with short blood circulation times and instability. The development of a nano-delivery system formulation of quercetin may increase its bioavailability, resulting in greater tumor suppressing effects. Triblock ABA type polycaprolactone-polyethylenglycol- polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) copolymers have been synthetized using ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone from PEG diol. The copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The triblock copolymers self-assembled in water forming micelles consisting of a core of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and a corona of polyethylenglycol (PEG). The core-shell PCL-PEG-PCL nanoparticles were able to incorporate quercetin into the core. They were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and NMR. The cellular uptake efficiency of human colorectal carcinoma cells was quantitatively determined by flow cytometry using nanoparticles loaded with Nile Red as hydrophobic model drug. The cytotoxic effect of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles was evaluated on HCT 116 cells, showing promising results.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Antifouling Mortars for Underwater Restoration.
- Author
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Ricca M, Ruffolo SA, La Russa MF, Rispoli C, Grifa C, Sierra-Fernández A, Fort R, and Randazzo L
- Abstract
This research has focused on the assessment of the compositional features and mechanical and antifouling performances of two different mortars formulated for an underwater setting, and which contain Mg(OH)
2 as an antifouling agent. Regarding the mechanical characterization, the uniaxial compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. The composition of the materials was explored by differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS microanalysis. The assessment of the biological colonization was evaluated with colorimetric analysis and image analysis. The results suggest that both mortars have good mechanical resistance once set underwater. Moreover, the adding of Mg(OH)2 improves the resistance toward biofouling; this was observed both in laboratory and sea-exposed specimens.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Archaeometric data from the Via dei Sepolcri ceramic workshop in Pompeii (Southern Italy).
- Author
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Grifa C, Germinario C, De Bonis A, Cavassa L, Izzo F, Mercurio M, Langella A, Kakoulli I, Fischer C, Barra D, Aiello G, Soricelli G, Vyhnal CR, and Morra V
- Abstract
The present article provides chemical, paleontological and mineralogical data obtained during an archaeometric characterization of 40 samples (33 pottery sherds, 5 clay samples, 1 sand sample and 1 red earth pigment) collected in the Via dei Sepolcri ceramic workshop in Pompeii, Italy. The workshop was still active during the 79 CE eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the archaeometric data obtained in our investigation reveal distinct differences between pottery and geological raw materials belonging to an early 'Phase 1' production (from the beginning of the 1st century CE to the 62 CE earthquake) and a subsequent 'Phase 2' production (from the 62 CE earthquake to the 79 CE eruption). These data inform the discussions and interpretations presented in the article entitled "A pottery workshop in Pompeii unveils new insights on the Roman ceramics crafting tradition and raw materials trade", edited by Grifa et al. [1]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study.
- Author
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Alberghina MF, Germinario C, Bartolozzi G, Bracci S, Grifa C, Izzo F, La Russa MF, Magrini D, Massa E, Mercurio M, Nardo VM, Oddo ME, Pagnotta SM, Pelagotti A, Ponterio RC, Ricci P, Rovella N, Ruffolo SA, Schiavone S, Spagnuolo A, Vetromile C, Zuchtriegel G, and Lubritto C
- Subjects
- History, Ancient, Humans, Italy, Archaeology, Paintings history
- Abstract
The Tomb of the Diver has been subject for many decades of fierce debate among archaeologists and classicists. Since its discovery in 1968, some scholars have considered it a unique example of the lost tradition of Greek painting, others have emphasized Etruscan or Italic parallels. More recently, a possible local production has been suggested. With the aim of trying to solve the archaeological question, an archaeometric comparison among this well-known artwork and several frescoed tombs coming from Hellenistic and Lucan necropolis was carried out. The multi-analytical study was focused on the identification of peculiar features of executive techniques and raw materials since the first period of the archaeological site. The analytical investigation has been preliminary based on a non-destructive approach, performed in-situ by portable equipment including imaging diagnostics and compositional spectroscopic techniques for identifying pigments and the conservation state of original painted surface; subsequently, a further deepening by using destructive techniques was performed in-lab for the mortar-based supports characterization. Archaeometric study suggested that technological choices slightly changed in a time span of about two centuries, highlighting important markers that allow clustering the contemporary artistic productions. Moreover, a comparison with mortars from temples decorations was provided to better understand the whole artistic context. The archaeometric data showed that the Tomb of the Diver could be traced back to a local artisanal tradition and therefore is neither Etruscan nor Greek, but the first and foremost an expression of the local elite culture of Paestum., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The commercial affiliations do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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