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application/pdf, This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementation during the close-up period on blood metabolites and calf growth. Forty multiparous Holstein dams were selected based on parity, body condition score, and expected calving date, and randomly assigned to a group: with RPL (n = 22) or without (control [CON], n = 18). RPL dams were supplied daily with 80 g of RPL from Day 21 before the expected calving date to parturition. Blood samples were obtained from the dams before the start of supplementation, 1 week before calving, and immediately after calving, and from calves immediately after birth and weekly until 8 weeks of age. Body weight measurements were performed immediately after birth in all calves and at weekly intervals until 8 weeks of age in female calves. No significant difference was observed in serum metabolite levels and plasma amino acid concentrations between the RPL and CON dams before supplementation, whereas plasma lysine concentrations tended to be higher in RPL dams immediately after calving (p = 0.07). Serum total protein levels (p < 0.05) were higher, whereas plasma total amino acid, total essential amino acid, total non-essential amino acid, and other amino acid concentrations were lower in the calves of RPL dams than those of CON dams (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in calf birth weight between the two groups, although female calves of RPL dams (n = 7) had higher serum total protein (p < 0.05) and tended to have greater body weight (p = 0.09) from 1 to 8 weeks of age than those of CON dams (n = 11). Overall, RPL supplementation during the close-up period may increase placenta-mediated amino acid transfer to the foetus and enhance protein synthesis in the calf, leading to improved weight gain during the suckling period. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Governance by authorities has established order in large groups since the birth of civilization, and at the same time, it has sometimes led to dictatorships and tyranny, resulting in tragedy. In this study, we develop an experiment named the Kingdom Game (KG), which simply models the governance structure. Using KG, we aim to examine the factors that distinguish whether a governor is driven by self-interest and leads to tyranny or whether he or she leads a good government for the benefit of group members. In particular, by manipulating the profits when citizens leave the group, we expect that governors will be more likely to tyrannize when it is less beneficial for citizens to leave their group.

高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分における地質環境の長期安定性に係る評価のうち、火山・火成活動に関する技術的課題の一つとして、マグマ活動範囲の評価技術の高度化は必要不可欠である。そのための有効な手法として、火山体の地形解析による岩脈の分布範囲の把握が期待される。近年では、手作業では作業量が膨大で困難であった作業が、コンピュータによる地形解析技術の発達により、多くの作業量を簡易的に行えるようになった。本報告では、GISソフトウェアを用いた火山体を形作る等高線の形状解析手法について記述する。, Advancement of the evaluation technology of the magma activity range is essential as one of the technical issues related to volcanic and igneous activities in the evaluation of the long-term stability of the geological environment in the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. As an effective method, topographical analysis of volcanic edifices is expected to be used to determine the distribution area of dikes. In recent years, the development of computer-based topographic analysis technology has made it possible to simply perform a large volume of work that would otherwise be difficult due to the manual handling. This report describes an analysis method for the shape of contour lines that forms volcanic edifices using GIS software.

地下貯留層の天然ガスは、断層や割れ目に沿った移流によって地表に到達するので、天然ガス資源探査の初期段階においては、地表でのメタンの漏出を検出するための調査がしばしば行われる。一方、沈み込み帯に沿ったスラブの脱水に由来する流体も溶存ガスとしてメタンを豊富に含むことが多いが、これらはしばしば高温、かつ塩分に富むなど特徴的な化学的特徴を有することから、放射性廃棄物の地層処分における重要な評価対象として指摘されている。本研究では、高精度(ppbレベル)かつ短い測定間隔(約1秒)でメタンガス濃度が測定できる波長スキャンキャビティーリングダウン分光法(CRDS法)による携帯型分析装置を採用し、スラブ脱水起源の深部流体の湧出を検出するための車載測定の適用性について検討した。事例対象とした紀伊半島南東部の本宮地域での車載測定では、メタン含有温泉である川湯温泉および湯の峰温泉において、バックグラウンド濃度を超える明らかなメタンアノマリ($>$2ppm)が検出された。ガウスプルームモデルに基づく大気中のメタン拡散の推定結果は、車載測定の結果と調和的である。本研究で適用したCRDS法による車載測定は、資源探査などにおいて、地表でのメタン漏出を迅速かつ容易に特定するのに有効な手法となる可能性がある。本報告書では、車載測定の実施事例に加え、測定装置の使用方法についても併せて取りまとめた。, Methane (CH$_{4}$) seepage to the surface in the early stage of hydrocarbon exploration has attracted increasing attention. Also, detection of CH$_{4}$-rich fluid emission can be applied to reconnaissance surveys for safety management in geological disposal of radioactive waste because high-temperature fluids that come from slab dehydration along a subduction zone are often rich in CH$_{4}$. These fluids likely migrate along faults and fractures. In this study, we employed a portable analyzer that used a wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) with high accuracy (in ppb levels) and short measurement intervals ($\sim$1 s). An on-vehicle measurement that employed the CRDS system was performed in the Hongu area in southeast Kii Peninsula, Japan, which included CH$_{4}$-bearing hot springs (Kawayu and Yunomine). The measurement near the hot springs detected a clear CH$_{4}$ anomaly ($>$2 ppm) that exceeded the background concentration. The estimation of CH$_{4}$ diffusion in air based on the Gaussian plume model corresponded to the result of the on-vehicle measurement. This study confirmed that the method using the vehicle-mounted CRDS analyzer can help in quickly and easily identifying CH$_{4}$-bearing fluid emissions at the surface. Additionally, directions for use of the analyzer were summarized in this report.

This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological status of hemoplasma infection and investigate the interaction between Theileria orientalis and hemoplasmas in Japanese Black breeding cows raised in the Kyushu and Okinawa regions. Blood samples were collected from 400 cows from 80 different farms in eight prefectures (five samples per farm and 10 farms per prefecture). Mycoplasma wenyonii (Mw), “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos” (CMh), and T. orientalis were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using whole blood samples. PCR results showed that 91.5% (366/400) of cows were positive for bovine hemoplasma: 40.3% were infected with Mw only, 9.5% with CMh only, and 41.8% with both species. T. orientalis was detected in 36% (144/400) of cows. The infection rate of T. orientalis was higher in the grazing group (P

本報は、高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分技術に関する研究開発のうち、深地層の科学的研究の一環として実施している地質環境の長期安定性に関する研究について、第3期中長期目標期間(平成27年度$\sim$令和3年度)における令和2年度に実施した研究開発に係る成果を取りまとめたものである。第3期中長期目標期間における研究の実施にあたっては、最終処分事業の概要調査や安全審査基本指針等の検討・策定に研究成果を適宜反映できるよう、(1)調査技術の開発・体系化、(2)長期予測・影響評価モデルの開発、(3)年代測定技術の開発の三つの枠組みで進めている。本報では、それぞれの研究分野に係る科学的・技術的背景を解説するとともに、主な研究成果等について取りまとめた。, This annual report documents the progress of research and development (R\&D) in the 6th fiscal year during the JAEA 3rd Mid- and Long-term Plan (fiscal years 2015-2021) to provide the scientific base for assessing geosphere stability for long-term isolation of the high-level radioactive waste. The planned framework is structured into the following categories: (1) Development and systematization of investigation techniques, (2) Development of models for long-term estimation and effective assessment, (3) Development of dating techniques. The current status of R\&D activities with previous scientific and technological progress is summarized.

本計画書では、高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分技術に関する研究開発のうち、深地層の科学的研究の一環として実施している地質環境の長期安定性に関する研究について、第3期中長期目標期間(平成27年度$\sim$令和3年度)における令和3年度の研究開発計画を取りまとめた。本計画の策定にあたっては、「地質環境の長期安定性に関する研究」基本計画-第3期中長期計画に基づき、これまでの研究開発成果、関係研究機関の動向や大学等で行われている最新の研究成果、地層処分事業実施主体や規制機関のニーズ等を考慮した。研究の実施にあたっては、最終処分事業の概要調査や安全審査基本指針等の検討・策定に研究成果を適時反映できるよう、(1)調査技術の開発・体系化、(2)長期予測・影響評価モデルの開発、(3)年代測定技術の開発の三つの枠組みで研究開発を推進する。, This report is a plan of research and development (R\&D) on geosphere stability for long-term isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), in fiscal year 2021. The objectives and contents in fiscal year 2021 are described in detail based on the JAEA 3rd Medium- and Long-term Plan (fiscal years 2015-2021). In addition, the background of this research is described from the necessity and the significance for site investigation and safety assessment, and the past progress. The plan framework is structured into the following categories: (1) Development and systematization of investigation techniques, (2) Development of models for long-term estimation and effective assessment, (3) Development of dating techniques.

AVFサイクロトロンを有する加速器施設の研究者・技術者が集まって行う会議について、発足のいきさつやこれまでの開催状況の紹介と、今回の会議報告を行う。