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We report on photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 85 K for GaN/AlGaN surface quantum wells (SQW's) with a width in the range of 1.51-2.9 nm. The PL spectra show a redshift with decreasing SQW width, in contrast to the blueshift normally observed for conventional GaN QW's of the same width. The effect is attributed to a strong coupling of SQW confined exciton states with surface acceptors. The PL hence originates from the recombination of surface-acceptor-bound excitons. Two types of acceptors were identified., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

The Snyder model of a noncommutative geometry due to a minimal scale $\ell$, e.g. the Planck or the Compton scale, yields $\ell^2$-shift within the Einstein Hamiltonian constraint, and $\gamma^5$-term in the free Dirac equation violating CP symmetry manifestly. In this paper the Dirac equation is reconsidered. In fact, there is no any reasonable cause for modification of the Minkowski hyperbolic geometry of a momentum space. It is the consistency -- in physics phase space, spacetime (coordinates), and momentum space (dynamics) are independent mathematical structures. It is shown that the modified Dirac equation yields the kinetic mass generation mechanism for the left- and right-handed Weyl chiral fields, and realizes the idea of neutrinos receiving mass due to CP violation. It is shown that the model is equivalent to the gauge field theory of composed two 2-flavor massive fields. The global chiral symmetry spontaneously broken into the isospin group leads to the chiral condensate of massive neutrinos. This result is beyond the Standard Model, but in general can be included into the theory of elementary particles and fundamental interactions., Comment: v4: 18 pages, minor changes done

The global one-dimensional quantum gravity is the model of quantum gravity which arises from the global one-dimensionality conjecture within quantum general relativity, first considered by the author in 2010 and then in 2012. In this model the global dimension is a determinant of a metric of three-dimensional space embedded into an enveloping Lorentizan four-dimensional spacetime. In 2012, it has already been presented by the author that this model can be extended to any Lorentzian D + 1-dimensional spacetime, where D is a dimension of space, and resulting in the global one-dimensional model of a higher dimensional quantum gravity. The purely quantum-mechanical part of this model is a minimal effective model within the quantum geometrodynamics, introduced by J.A. Wheeler and B.S. DeWitt in the 1960s, but the effective potential is manifestly different from the one considered by Wheeler & DeWitt. Moreover, in our model the wave functionals solving the quantum gravity are one-variable smooth functions and, therefore, the troublesome mathematical technique of the Feynman functional integration present in the Hawking formulation of quantum gravity, is absent is this model, what makes it a mathematically consistent theory of quantum gravitation. In this paper, we discuss in some detail a certain part of the global one-dimensional model already proposed in 2010, and then developed in 2012. The generalized functional expansion of the effective potential and the residual approximation, which describe the embedded spaces which are maximally symmetric three-dimensional Einstein's manifolds, whose lead to the Newton-Coulomb type potential in the quantum gravity model, are considered. Furthermore, scenarios related to few selected specific forms of the effective potential are suggested as physically interesting and discussed., Comment: 28 pages

The hypothesis on a minimal scale existence in the Universe leads to noncommutative geometry of Spacetime and thence to a modification of the Special Relativity constraint. Sidharth has deduced that this is equivalent to the Lorentz symmetry violation. This latter consideration was also used by Glashow, Coleman and other scholars though based on purely phenomenological models that have been suggested by the observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Gamma Bursts. On the other hand a parallel development has been the proposal of a small but nonzero photon mass $m_\gamma>0$ by some authors including Sidharth, such a mass being within experimentally allowable limits. This too leads to a small violation of the Lorentz symmetry observable in principle in very high energy gamma rays, as in fact is claimed. In this paper we study the Snyder--Sidharth Hamiltonian and briefly comment the Dirac--Sidharth Hamiltonian, that is a possible explanation for observable violation of the Lorentz symmetry., Comment: 13 pages, no figures

Global One--Dimensional Quantum General Relativity is the toy model with nontrivial field theoretical content, describing classical one-dimensional massive bosonic fields related to any 3+1 metric, where the dimension is a volume of three-dimensional embedding. In fact it constitutes the midisuperspatial Quantum Gravity model. We use one-particle density operator method in order to building macrostates thermodynamics related with any 3+1 metric. Taking the Boltzmann gas limit, which is given by the energy equipartition law for the Bose-Einstein gas of space quantum states generated from the Bogoliubov vacuum, we receive consistent with General Relativity thermodynamical degrees of freedom number. It confirms that the proposed Quantum Gravity toy model has well-defined classical limit in accordance with classical gravity theory., Comment: 17 pages, no figures

The simple quantum gravity model, based on a new conjecture within the canonically quantized 3+1 general relativity, is presented. The conjecture states that matter fields are functionals of an embedding volume form only, and reduces the quantum geometrodynamics. By dimensional reduction the resulting theory is presented in the form of the Dirac equation, and application of the Fock quantization with the diagonalization procedure yields construction of the appropriate quantum field theory. The 1D wave function is derived, the corresponding 3-dimensional manifolds are discussed, and physical scales are associated with quantum correlations., Comment: 16 pages, no figures, to appear in Gravitation and Cosmology

The mechanism of particle mass generation in the Standard Model is discussed. It is shown that non-zero vacuum expectation value of a scalar field together with the proper symmetry of the Lagrangian allow a certain class of scalar field potentials providing generation of gauge boson and fermion masses and keeping the electroweak sector of the model unchanged. Applying the minimality principle and certain additional conditions one can reduce the number of free parameters in the model. Possible phenomenological consequences in the scalar sector for different choices of the potential are discussed., Comment: 7 pages, JHEP3.cls, no figures

In this paper, making use of the global one-dimensionality conjecture, we discuss the reduction of the Wheeler-DeWitt quantum geometrodynamics to the Klein-Gordon equation describing the scalar bosonic particle. The method of second quantization in the appropriate Fock space is applied, and, employing both the Bogoliubov transformation as well as Heisenberg equations of motion, the quantum gravity is expressed as evolution of the creators and annihilators related to the initial data. It is shown that this procedure leads to the understanding of the boson mass, through the one-point two-boson quantum correlations, as a scaled initial data mass., Comment: 17 pages

Physical spacetime geometry follows from some effective thermodynamics of quantum states of all fields and particles described in frames of General Relativity. In the sense of pure field theoretical Einstein's point of view on gravitation the thermodynamic information is actually quantum gravity. We propose new realization of this old idea by studying the canonical 3+1 Dirac-ADM approach to pseudo-Riemannian (Lorentzian) manifold of General Relativity. We derive the Wheeler-DeWitt theory as the Global One-Dimensional classical field theory of the Bose field associated with embedded 3-space, where Wheeler's superspace metric is absent. The classical theory is discussed, some deductions on tachyon state, Dark Energy density and cosmological constant are included. Reduction to 1st order evolution is carried out, and quantum theory by the second quantization in the Fock space of creators and annihilators is constructed by employing the Heisenberg equation and the bosonic Bogoliubov transformation for diagonalization. In result we find the static reper with stable vacuum, where quantum states of 3-space can be considered, and finally space quantum states thermodynamics is formulated., Comment: 65 pages, 12 figures

Fock space quantization of Hamiltonian constraints of General Relativity and thermodynamics of quantum states for flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metrics is presented., Comment: Notation was simplified, and gramatical errors was corrected. 6 pages in AIP latex format, submitted to Proceedings volume of Ninth International Symposium Frontiers of Fundamental and Computational Physics, Udine University, Udine, Italy and The International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, January 7-9, 2008

The Einstein-Friedmann Universe as whole quantum object can be treated as bosonic string mass groundstate, called a tachyon, having negative mass square and a speed more than the speed of light. I present a brief review of results obtained from this point of view called Many-Particle Quantum Gravity approach - the monodromy problem in the Fock space, thermodynamics of the Universe, and the extremal tachyon mass model., Comment: 4 pages in twocolumn Revtex format, submitted to the Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop "Supersymmetries and Quantum Symmetries" July 30 - August 4, 2007

The Quantum Cosmology can be understand as the theory of an one object that is the Universe described in terms of fundamental mass groundstate of the free boson string, that is a tachyon - a hypothetical particle with negative mass square, which has linear velocity more than the velocity of light c. From this fact it is clear that whole information about physics of our Universe is focused on studying of this untypical particle physics. In this paper this point of view is touched up on. As the general-relativistic model of our Universe we study the Einstein-Friedmann Spacetime. Firstly, the way of canonical quantization beginning from first quantization of the Dirac Hamiltonian constraints up to the second quantization by the Von Neumann-Araki-Woods quantization in the Fock space is briefly discussed. We show that using of the Bogoliubov-Heinsenberg static operator basis leads to formulation of the second quantization of the considered free boson string in terms of the monodromy in the Fock space. Finally, we propose some specific model of the Universe - the extremal tachyon mass model, and in frames of its the Hubble evolution parameter, the equation of state for Dark Matter in the Universe, and the temperature of our Universe are concluded., Comment: 5 pages, twocolumn revtex format; http://www.serialspublications.com/contentnormal.asp?jid=501&jtype=1; Published as Int.J.Phys.2:79-88,2009 with no author's approval. Paper rejected from the journal after author's intervention email

Preliminaries for Many-Particle approach to quantization of Einstein-Hilbert theory of gravitation are presented in this paper. Einstein-Friedmann Spacetime is detailed discussed from this point of view. Von Neumann-Araki-Woods second quantization in Fock space of canonical Hamilton field equations is presented. In result Spacetime as system with Bose-Einstein statistics is described and thermodynamics of the system is computed., Comment: 7 pages, http://serialsjournals.com/articlesview.php?volumesno_id=758&article_id=6590&volumes_id=750&journals_id=246

We present basics of conceptually new-type way for explaining of the origin, evolution and current physical properties of our Universe from the graviton-matter gas viewpoint. Quantization method for the Friedmann-Lemaitre Universe based on the canonical Hamilton equations of motion is proposed and quantum information theory way to physics of the Universe is showed. The current contribution from the graviton-matter gas temperature in quintessence approximation is discussed., Comment: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the Seventh International Conference ''Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics'' (June 24-30, 2007, Kyiv, Ukraine), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/

A version of the Standard Model is considered, where the electroweak symmetry breaking is provided by cosmological initial data given for the zeroth Fourier harmonic of the Higgs field $<\phi>$. The initial data symmetry breaking mechanism removes the Higgs field contribution to the vacuum energy density, possible creation of monopoles, and tachion behavior at high energies, if one imposes an ``inertial'' condition on the Higgs potential $\textsf{V}_{\rm Higgs}(<\phi>)=0$. The requirement of zero radiative corrections to this {\em inertial} condition coincides with the limiting point of the vacuum stability in the Standard Model. The latter together with the direct experimental limit gives the prediction for the mass of the Higgs boson to be in the range $114 < m_h \lsim 134$ GeV., Comment: Extended version with a brief description of cosmological model; updated discussion of our prediction for the Higgs boson mass

The Hamiltonian approach to the General Relativity and the Standard Model is studied in the context of its consistency with the Newton law, the Higgs effect, the Hubble cosmological evolution and the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation physics. The version of the Higgs potential is proposed, where its constant parameter is replaced by the dynamic zeroth Fourier harmonic of the very Higgs field. In this model, the extremum of the Coleman--Weinberg effective potential obtained from the unit vacuum--vacuum transition amplitude immediately predicts mass of Higgs field and removes tremendous vacuum cosmological density. We show that the relativity principles unambiguously treat the Planck epoch, in the General Relativity, as the present-day one. It was shown that there are initial data of the Electro-Weak epoch compatible with supposition that all particles in the Universe are final products of decays of primordial Higgs particles and W-, Z-vector bosons created from vacuum at the instant treated as the "Big-Bang"., Comment: 105 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, revised and added one figure

The formulation of the Higgs effect is studied in the Glashow--Weinberg--Salam Standard Model, where the constant part of the Higgs potential is identified with the zeroth mode of the Higgs field. In this model, the Coleman--Weinberg effective potential obtained from the vacuum--vacuum transition amplitude is equal to unity at the extremum. This extremum immediately removes tremendous vacuum cosmological density and predicts mass of Higgs field. In this model, the kinetic energy density of the Higgs field and any scalar field can be treated as the rigid state origin that explains Supernova data in the conformal cosmology without the $\Lambda$ term., Comment: 8 pages, talk on Tenth European Meeting From the Planck Scale to the Electroweak Scale Warsaw, Poland, June 9 - 13, 2007 PLANCK'07

The dynamic status of scalar fields is studied in the Hamiltonian approach to the General Relativity. We show that the conformal coupling of the scalar field violates the standard geometrical structure of the Einstein equations in GR and their solutions including the Schwarzschild one and the Newton static interaction. In order to restore the standard geometrical structure of GR, the scalar field is mixed with the scale metric component by the Bekenstein type transformation. This "scalar-scale" mixing converts the conformal coupling scalar field with conformal weight (n= -1) into the minimal coupling scalar field with zero conformal weight (n=0) called a "scalar graviton". Cosmological consequences of the "scalar-scale" mixing are considered in the finite space-time by extraction of the zero mode (homogeneous) harmonics of a "scalar graviton". The classical dynamics of "scalar graviton" testifies about a tremendous contribution of evolution at the beginning in the form of the rigid state., Comment: 15 pages

This paper has been withdrawn by the author.

We propose the new quantization of homogenous cosmological models. Four fundamental methods are applied to the cosmological model and efficiently jointed. The Dirac method for constrained systems is used, then the Fock space is built and the second quantization is carried out. Finally, the diagonalization ansatz, which is a combination of the Bogoliubov transformation method and the Heisenberg equation of motion, is formulated. The temperature of quantum cosmological model is introduced., Comment: 12 pages, to appear in Gravitation and Cosmology

A collection of requirements to the General Relativity that follow from the WMAP observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation anisotropy as an inertial frame are discussed. These obligations include the separation of both the CMB frame from the diffeomorphisms and the diffeo-invariant cosmic evolution from the local scalar metric component in the manner compatible with the canonical Hamiltonian approach to the Einstein--Hilbert theory with the energy constraints. The solution of these constraints in classical and quantum theories and a fit of units of measurements are discussed in the light of the last Supernovae data., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

The vector bosons models including Standard Model (SM) are investigated in the framework of the Dirac Hamiltonian method with explicit resolving the Gauss constraints in order to eliminate variables with zero momenta and negative energy contributions in accordance with the operator quantization principles. The Hamiltonian formulation admits the dynamic version of the Higgs potential, where its constant parameter is replaced by the dynamic zero Fourier harmonic of the very Higgs field. In this case, the zero mode equation is a new sum-rule that predicts mass of Higgs field $m_h=\sqrt{6m^2_t-4[2M_W^2+M_Z^2]}=311.6\pm 8.9 {\rm GeV}$. The Hamiltonian formulation leads to static interactions playing the crucial role in the off-mass-shell phenomena of the type of bound state and a kaon - pion transition in the weak nonleptonic decays., Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, revised, symmetry breaking by condensate mechanism, dynamic Higgs effect

We report first measurements of the ultrafast dynamics of interfacial electric fields in semiconductor multilayers using pump-probe second harmonic generation (SHG). A pump beam was tuned to excite carriers in all layers of GaAs/GaSb and GaAs/GaSb/InAs heterostructures. Further carrier dynamics manifests itself via electric fields created by by charge separation at interfaces. The evolution of interfacial fields is monitored by a probe beam through the eletric-field-induced SHG signal. We distinguish between several stages of dynamics originating from redistribution of carriers between the layers. We also find a strong enhancement of the induced electric field caused by hybridization of the conduction and valence bands at the GaSb/InAs interface., Comment: 4 pages + 2 figs

We report the first application of pump-probe second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements to characterize optically-induced magnetization in non-magnetic multilayer semiconductors. In the experiment, coherent spins are selectively excited by a pump beam in the GaAs layer of GaAs/GaSb/InAs structures. However, the resulting net magnetization manifests itself through the induced SHG probe signal from the GaSb/InAs interface, thus indicating a coherent spin transport across the heterostructure. We find that the magnetization dynamics is governed by an interplay between the spin density evolution at the interfaces and the spin dephasing., Comment: 4 pages + 4 Figs