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Objectives: We evaluated a potential association between the administration of high-dose buprenorphine and perpetuation of hyperthermia in cats following ovariohysterectomy (OVH). We hypothesized that buprenorphine 0.24 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) would result in longer-lasting postoperative hyperthermia in cats vs a group receiving morphine 0.1 mg/kg SC. Methods: Anesthetic records from cats admitted for OVH as part of surgical exercises for second year veterinary medicine students in 2018 and 2019 were collected. All cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine 20 µg/kg and morphine 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. At extubation, cats received morphine 0.1 mg/kg SC in 2018 and buprenorphine 0.24 mg/kg SC in 2019. Temperature was measured rectally prior to sedation, esophageally during anesthesia and rectally at 1, 4 and 16–20 h after extubation. Demographic data and temperature prior to administration of postoperative opioids were compared with t -tests. The effects of treatment (opioids) and time on postoperative rectal temperature and on the incidence of hyperthermia (temperature >39.2°C) were evaluated with mixed and generalized linear mixed-effect models. Significance was set at P <0.05. Results: There were no differences in demographic characteristics between treatment groups (all P ⩾0.2). Intraoperative esophageal temperature was lower in cats scheduled to receive morphine (mean ± SD 36.6 ± 0.2) than in those receiving buprenorphine (36.9 ± 1.0) (P <0.0001). Postoperative temperature was higher for cats receiving buprenorphine than for those receiving morphine (P <0.0001). The incidence of hyperthermia 16–20 h after opioid administration was 56% for morphine and 73% for buprenorphine (P = 0.03). Conclusions and relevance: Buprenorphine 0.24 mg/kg SC for postoperative analgesia in cats was associated with hyperthermia that persisted for 16–20 h after administration, and the incidence of hyperthermia for this group was higher than in the cats that received morphine 0.1 mg/kg SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the measurement and comparison between the serial rectal and muscle temperatures in immobilized free-ranging black rhinoceros in Ethosha National Park in Namibia. Both temperatures are found to correlate with each other through pairwise comparisons. The tendency of both temperatures to equilibrate is noted as immobilization time increases and as the ambient temperature increases at time of immobilization, the average temperature of the animal also increases. Methods for monitoring the temperatures are deemed important to integrate into anesthetic monitoring protocols.

To determine conversion formulas so that values from the HemoCue® hemoglobinometer (HbHQ) could be equated to hemoglobin concentrations measured by the gold-standard cyanomethemoglobin (HbCY) method and used for estimation of packed cell volume (PCV) in cats.Prospective,in vitro.Twelve healthy, adult, client-owned cats.The PCV of 12 parent blood samples was manipulated between∼3 and∼80% by removing or adding autologous plasma. Hemoglobin was measured by the HbCY method at a university clinical pathology laboratory and by the azidemethemoglobin method in a HbHQ. PCV was determined by micro-centrifugation.Hemoglobin varied from 1–26 g/dL. Repeated-measures regression of HbCY on HbHQ demonstrated that theY-intercept was not different from zero. When the regression was repeated, forcing the line through the origin the coefficient for converting HbHQ to HbCY was not significantly different from 1.0 (adjustedR2=99.7%). The conversion formula was HbCY=HbHQ. Using similar methods, the conversion formula for estimating PCV was PCV=3.1 HbHQ (adjustedR2=99.8%).Hemoglobin concentration measured by the HemoCue® was indistinguishable from the (HbCY) method in feline blood over a wide range of hemoglobin concentrations. This study demonstrates that in cats PCV=3.1HbHQ.The HemoCue® is useful for point-of-care hemoglobinometry and for estimating PCV in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the acquisition and pitfalls of a 3-view transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) protocol in anesthetized, dorsally recumbent dogs. ANIMALS: 8 beagles, 1 to 2 years old, 7.4 to 11.2 kg. METHODS: Dogs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and placed in dorsal recumbency. A TEE probe was advanced, and 3 views were performed: midesophageal 4-chamber and long axis (ME 4C and ME LAX) and caudal esophageal short axis (CE SAX) at the level of the papillary muscles. Probe insertion depth, flexion, omniplane angle, and image acquisition time were recorded. Two observers assessed 24 video clips each and identified anatomical structures. RESULTS: The ME 4C and ME LAX were obtained at 35 (30 to 40) cm insertion depth, omniplane at 0° and 103° (90 to 116), respectively. Views were obtained in ≥30 seconds once the TEE was in the cervical esophagus. Left-sided structures were identified in all cases, whereas right-sided structures were not always simultaneously obtained in the ME 4C, requiring further probe manipulation. All structures were identified on ME LAX. CE SAX was obtained at 40 (35 to 45) cm, omniplane at 0°, and in 15 (10 to 90) seconds. A true SAX view (circular left ventricle at the level of papillary muscles) could not be obtained in all dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A 3-view TEE protocol using core views as those described in humans may be applicable to dogs under general anesthesia and in dorsal recumbency. The CE SAX view at the level of the papillary muscles appears more difficult to obtain with consistency than midesophageal views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the acquisition and pitfalls of a 3-view transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) protocol in anesthetized, dorsally recumbent dogs., Animals: 8 beagles, 1 to 2 years old, 7.4 to 11.2 kg., Methods: Dogs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and placed in dorsal recumbency. A TEE probe was advanced, and 3 views were performed: midesophageal 4-chamber and long axis (ME 4C and ME LAX) and caudal esophageal short axis (CE SAX) at the level of the papillary muscles. Probe insertion depth, flexion, omniplane angle, and image acquisition time were recorded. Two observers assessed 24 video clips each and identified anatomical structures., Results: The ME 4C and ME LAX were obtained at 35 (30 to 40) cm insertion depth, omniplane at 0° and 103° (90 to 116), respectively. Views were obtained in ≤30 seconds once the TEE was in the cervical esophagus. Left-sided structures were identified in all cases, whereas right-sided structures were not always simultaneously obtained in the ME 4C, requiring further probe manipulation. All structures were identified on ME LAX. CE SAX was obtained at 40 (35 to 45) cm, omniplane at 0°, and in 15 (10 to 90) seconds. A true SAX view (circular left ventricle at the level of papillary muscles) could not be obtained in all dogs., Clinical Relevance: A 3-view TEE protocol using core views as those described in humans may be applicable to dogs under general anesthesia and in dorsal recumbency. The CE SAX view at the level of the papillary muscles appears more difficult to obtain with consistency than midesophageal views.

Epidural anesthesia, often used during cesarean surgery, can exacerbate hypotension from general anesthesia and delay discharge due to motor block. Decreasing the local anesthetic dose might reduce those complications. Cases of dogs undergoing cesarean section that were anesthetized without epidural ( n = 29) (control) and dogs with low-dose epidural bupivacaine with fentanyl or buprenorphine ( n = 37) were reviewed. The incidence of hypotension was equal between groups. Intraoperative opioids were administered more to control (93%) than to treated dogs (18%; P < 0.0001). Epidural bupivacaine 0.0625-0.125% combined with an opioid reduced the use of intraoperative opioids and did not exacerbate arterial hypotension during cesarean section in anesthetized dogs., (Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.)

The most common abnormality detected during thoracic radiography of patients with lung disease is increased opacity of the lungs. Although sensitive for lung disease, this finding alone is not specific for the cause of lung disease. Other conditions that increase lung opacity include technical complications and extrapulmonary lesions that compress the lung. Therefore, other radiographic signs are used to make a more definitive diagnosis. The size of the abnormally opaque lung lobe can be helpful in differentiating lung disease from other conditions. If the lung is normal to large in size, it is considered expanded. This situation always indicates disease. If the lung is small, it is considered incompletely expanded. This finding indicates pulmonary, thoracic wall, or pleural space disease or a technical complication. Common terms that are used to describe the volume of expanded or incompletely expanded lungs include infiltration, consolidation, collapse, and atelectasis. Although they are used as radiographic diagnoses, these terms should not be considered an endpoint analysis, and other radiographic signs must be sought to make a more definitive diagnosis.