Search

Background: This study aimed to investigate the interaction between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and apolipoproteinA2 265T > C (ApoA2 â��265T > C) polymorphism on inflammatory and oxidative markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 157 patients with T2DM were recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire was used for DII calculation. Inflammatory, oxidative and lipid biomarkers were measured. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for ApoA2 genotyping determination. Results: In the current study, serum 8-iso-PGF2I± and CRP were significantly higher, and serum SOD activity was significantly lower in subjects with CC genotype than TT homozygous in both crude and adjusted (for DII and AAs intake) models. Also, C-allele carriers compared with people with TT genotype had lower PTX3 in both models. In addition, serum TG level was significantly higher in TC genotype than TT homozygous in adjusted model. Moreover, subjects with CC homozygous and high DII level had significantly higher 8-iso-PGF2I± level compared to those with TT genotype and low DII (reference group) in adjusted (for BMI, age, sexuality and AAs intake) model. Our results also showed that in TC genotypes with low DII and CC homozygous with both low and high DII, PTX3 concentrations were significantly lower than the reference group. In addition, CC carriers with low DII had significantly higher CRP level compared to the reference group. Moreover, our results reported significant higher TG in TC genotype with low DII and also higher total cholesterol level in CC genotype with low DII than the reference group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CC genotype might predict higher inflammatory and oxidative status level compared to T allele carriers. An inflammatory diet may accelerate oxidative stress in subjects with CC genotype. However, the association between APOA2 â��265T > C polymorphism and inflammation and lipid profile is presented less modifiable by DII. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multidimensional consequence of environmental and genetic factors. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B polymorphism has been reported as a main predictor of dyslipidaemia, comprising an important complication in persons with T2DM. However, diet could affect T2DM patients metabolic health.We investigated the combination of gene-diet effects on some metabolic biomarkers. In our cross-sectional study, blood samples of 220 patients were collected. Dietary indices (healthy eating index, dietary quality index and dietary phytochemical index) were obtained from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CETP Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism method. Data were analysed by analysis of covariance.The interaction between the CETP Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices on low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein was significant (p 0.001 both crude and adjusted models). In addition, the interaction between polymorphism and dietary quality index on total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.004 crude model, p = 0.005 after adjusting) and pentraxin 3 (p = 0.01 both crude and adjusted models) was significant. Also, the interaction between polymorphism and healthy eating index on waist circumference (p = 0.005 both crude and adjusted models) and dietary phytochemical index on interleukin-18 (p = 0.03 crude model) was significant.Our results indicated the effect of CETP Taq1B polymorphism on some inflammatory and anthropometrics markers (total antioxidant capacity, pentraxin 3, interleukin-18, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein and waist circumference) with high and low adherence to dietary incides.

BacKGrOUnd: adolescence is a critical period with respect to mental and psychological issues. the role of nutrients is well known in health condition in adolescents, but little emphasis is placed on total diet quality. dietary diversity score (dds) is often used to assess diet quality. the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dds and general health in girl students. MetHOds: the present research is a cross-sectional study which used descriptive-analytical approach. a total of 384 high-school female students selected using proportional stratified sampling. Physical activity level, diet and general health information collected using international Physical activity Questionnaire (iPaQ), dietary diversity Questionnaire (FaO-2013) and 28-item self-reported general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), respectively. in addition, weight, height and waist circumference (Wc) measured. data analyzed using chi-square test, one-way anOva and Multinomial Logistic regression. resULts: Mean dds was 4.43±1.09. after adjustment for confounders of age, body mass index, physical activity, socioeconomic status and nutritional supplement intake, students with higher dds were less prone to general health disorders (P�0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These finding implicate higher DDS in adolescents may associate with better general health. © 2016 Edizioni Minerva Medica.

Background: We tried to identify the interaction between dietary quality indices and apolipoprotein B Ins/Del and EcoR1 polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 700 adults with T2DM who visited diabetes referral centers in Tehran. The genotypes of Ins/Del and EcoR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were explored via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dietary quality index-international (DQI-I), healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) were calculated by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Lipid, inflammatory, oxidative, hormonal and anthropometric variables were determined by standard methods. Results: We observed a significant interaction between DQI-I and Ins/Del SNP on leptin (P= 0.02 for crude model and P=0.01 for adjusted model (for age, physical activity, gender, smoking and alcohol intake) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α (8-iso-PGF2α) (P=0.01 for both models), DPI and EcoR1 SNP on total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.03 for both models) and between Ins/Del SNP and HEI-2015 on interleukin-18 (IL-18) (P= 0.02 for crude model and P=0.03 for adjusted model). Furthermore, in crude but not in adjusted model there were close to meaningful interactions between EcoR1 SNP and DQI-I on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P=0.06) and between EcoR1 SNP and HEI-2015 on serum leptin (P=0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.05) levels. Conclusion: For the first time, our finding indicated that the association between DQI-I, HEI-2015 and DPI with IL-18, TC, leptin and 8-iso-PGF2α in patients with T2DM might be dependent on Ins/Del and EcoR1 variants in ApoB gene.

Background & aimsFew studies have been done on the association of dietary intakes with SDs among shift workers, in particular those exposed to air pollution. We aimed to investigate the association of major dietary patterns with risk of SDs in shift workers of a cement factory in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on 257 male shift workers in a cement factory in Iran. Usual dietary intake of participants was assessed using a validated self-administrated 147-item dish-based FFQ. To examine sleep disturbances of participants, we used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsThree major dietary patterns including Classic Iranian (CI), Modern Iranian (MI), and High Protein Low Fruit and vegetables (HPLF) were identified. The CI pattern was mainly consisted of high-protein animal foods, fruit and vegetables, while, the MI pattern had high amounts of refined grains, solid oils, and caffeine drinks. No significant association was found between adherence to the CI pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 0.69, 7.81) and also for the MI dietary pattern (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.20, 1.93). However, we found a significant direct association between the HPLF dietary pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 14.86).ConclusionThis study showed a significant direct association between a dietary pattern high in animal proteins and solid oils and low in fruit and vegetables with risk of sleep disorders among shift workers in the cement factory. However, no such association was found for the two other dietary patterns.

Background: We investigated the interaction between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 diabetic patients. PPAR-γ Pro12Ala was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α) were measured by standard protocol. FFQ was used for dietary indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) calculation. Results: There was no significant relationship between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and CVD risk factors. The rs1801282-DQI interactions were significant on WC (P= 0.01). Thus, C-allele carriers in the higher tertile of DQI had higher WC compared to GG homozygous. Further, an interaction was observed between PPAR rs1801282 polymorphism and DQI on serum IL-18 level (P = 0.03). Besides, a significant rs1801282-DPI interaction was shown on HDL concentration (P Interaction= 0.04), G allele carriers who were in the highest tertile of DPI, had lower HDL. Moreover, there were significant rs1801282-HEI interactions on ghrelin (P= 0.04) in the crude model and serum leptin (P = 0.02) in the adjusted model. Individuals with (CC, CG) genotypes in the higher tertile of HEI, had lower leptin and ghrelin concentration. Conclusions: Higher dietary indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) may affect the relationship between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and waist circumference and ghrelin, leptin, HDL-c, IL-18 concentration in patients with T2DM. To date, studies on this polymorphism have been shown that this gene can interact with diabetes and different nutritional factors. For the first time, this study provides information on the interaction of dietary indices (DQI, DPI, HEI) and PPAR-γ gene which is functionally effective in nutrient metabolism.

Background Depression is a major contributor to disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost in the world. Dietary patterns are widely used to investigate diet–disease relations. In the current study, the relationship between dietary patterns and depression was investigated. Besides, the role of serum vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, and total antioxidant capacity as potential mediatory variables was studied. Methods It was an individually matched case–control study in which 330 depressed and healthy subjects were recruited for the extraction of dietary patterns; psychiatrists diagnosed major depressive disorder, using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Serum vitamin D and aforementioned biomarkers were measured for a number of randomly selected depressed and healthy individuals. We conducted mediatory analysis by regression models. Results Healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with the lower and higher odds of depression (OR 0.39, CI 0.17–0.92 and OR 2.6, CI 1.04–6.08), respectively. A significant relationship between serum vitamin D with depression after adjusting for potential confounders was observed as well (OR 0.93, CI 0.87–0.99). According to the mediatory analysis the unhealthy dietary patterns were related to depression via altering the serum vitamin D concentration. Conclusion This study showed that vitamin D deficiency mediates the relationship between unhealthy dietary patterns and depression. However, to get a clearer result further prospective studies are required.

Context The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII®), as an index of inflammatory quality of diet, with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and risk factors (CMRFs) has been inconsistent in previous studies. Objective The current systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of the DII score with CMDs and CMRFs. Data Sources All published observational studies (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved from inception through November 2019. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted the data from included studies. Data analysis Pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were calculated by using a random-effects model. Results Ten prospective cohort studies (total n = 291,968) with 31,069 CMDs-specific mortality, six prospective cohort studies (total n = 43,340) with 1311 CMDs-specific morbidity, two case–control studies with 2140 cases and 6246 controls and one cross-sectional study (total n = 15,613) with 1734 CMDs-specific morbidity were identified for CMDs. Meta-analyses of published observational studies demonstrated that the highest DII score category versus the lowest DII score category was associated with 29% increased risk of CMDs mortality (HR = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.41). Moreover, there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs in cohort studies (HR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.13, 1.61) and non-cohort study (HR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.18, 1.57). We found a significant association between the DII score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.25), hyperglycemia and hypertension. None-linear dose response meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs mortality (Pnonlinearity Conclusions Adherence to pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of CMDs, mortality and MetS.

BackgroundThe relationship between anxiety and dietary fat quality (DFQ) has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety disorder and fatty acids’ intake in women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 300 women aged 18–49 attending healthcare centers. Dietary exposure was measured by a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To determine the status of anxiety, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was used. Based on the total score of anxiety, the participants were divided into two groups of without anxiety (ResultsAbout 37.7% of individuals reported anxiety. After adjustment for covariates, an increase in the OR for anxiety was observed across the quintuples of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.43–7.00;p-trend = 0.005). In addition, higher intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.05–0.44;p-trend = 0.001), oleic acid (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.67;p-trend = 0.002), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.02–0.23;p-trend n-3:n-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.24–1.03;p-trend = 0.02) were found to be related with lower OR of anxiety.ConclusionIntake of SFAs was positively related to anxiety disorder, whereas MUFAs, oleic acid, ALA, andn-3:n-6 PUFAs intake were inversely related to anxiety score. For investigating the association of fat intake and anxiety disorder, DFQ may be a useful measure.

Background: The prevalence of diseases associated with chronic inflammation is higher in postmenopausal women. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was developed to evaluate the diet-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the DII score and levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 postmenopausal women referred to the southern health centers and health clinics affiliated to the southern municipality of Tehran, Iran. The DII score was calculated using dietary intakes derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Concentrations of FBS, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Using linear regression models, we evaluated the association between the DII score and blood biomarkers. Results: After adjustment for covariates, the highest DII score category was associated with higher TG value (bDIIt3vs1= 0.08, p=0.03), TG/HDL-C ratio (bDIIt3vs1= 0.10, p=0.04), and IL-6 concentration (bDIIt3vs1= 0.06, p=0.01) compared to the first category of the DII score. Conclusions: We found a positive association between pro-inflammatory diet and unfavorable biomarkers in postmenopausal women.

Objectives No previous study has evaluated the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and dietary energy density (DED) with menopausal symptoms and its subclasses in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of DII score and DED with menopausal symptoms and its subtypes in Iranian postmenopausal women. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 postmenopausal women who attended health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. The DII score was calculated using dietary factors obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. DED was defined as average daily energy intake (kcal) per gram of food. The Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire was used to evaluate the menopausal symptoms. The total Menopause Rating Scale score (TMRSS) was the sum of the somatic score (SS), psychological score (PS), and urogenital score. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of the DII score and DED with menopausal symptoms. Results After adjusting for covariates, participants in the highest tertile of DII score had greater SS compared to those in the lowest tertile (βDIIt3vs1= 0.032, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.004-0.068, P = 0.04). No significant relationship was found between DII score and PS, urogenital score or TMRSS. Furthermore, higher DED was associated with greater SS (βDIIt3vs1 = 0.071, 95% CI: 0.028-0.115, P = 0.001), PS (βDIIt3vs1 = 0.065, 95% CI: 0.012-0.121, P = 0.01) and TMRSS (βDIIt3vs1 = 0.053, 95% CI: 0.017-0.088, P = 0.004). Conclusion A proinflammatory diet was associated with higher menopause-specific somatic symptoms and higher DED was positively associated with menopausal symptoms.

The aim of this study was to explore the associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and its subgroups and menopausal symptoms along with its subtypes in postmenopausal women.This cross-sectional study included 393 postmenopausal women in municipality health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. Sociodemographic data, dietary intakes, and anthropometric measures were obtained from individuals. Menopause rating scale (MRS) questionnaire was employed to measure menopausal symptoms. The total MRS score (TMRSS) was the sum of the somatic score (SS), psychological score (PS), and urogenital score (US). Participants were divided into low and high total MRS and its domain scores.After adjustment for confounding variables, an inverse relationship was found between total FV with TMRSS (odds ratio [OR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.81) and SS (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.82). In addition, the consumption of total fruits was significantly related to lower SS (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.71). Only intake of citrus fruits was inversely associated with TMRSS (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.71) and SS (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11-0.70). Likewise, intakes of total FV (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.37-4.41), total vegetables (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.10-5.88), green leafy vegetables (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.47-8.75), dark yellow vegetables (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.00-5.18), other vegetables (OR 5.23, 95% CI 1.17-15.39), and citrus fruits were linked to higher US (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.77-10.71).The results of the present study showed that some FV subgroups had inverse associations with climacteric symptoms, whereas higher intake of some subgroups of FV appeared to be associated with more urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Due to loss of the antioxidant effect of estrogen and decline in competence of the antioxidants system with aging, menopausal women are highly exposed to free radicals. Oxidative stress appears to be implicated in the pathological process linked to menopausal symptoms, and remarkable reduction of antioxidants status and elevated lipid peroxidation have been observed in the presence of severe climacteric symptoms. In this sense, modifying antioxidant protection through the intake of dietary supplements or following diets with high antioxidant content are suggested to be related to alleviation of symptoms. The existing clinical data on efficacy of antioxidant supplementation has been mixed, but evidence from observational studies has shown that adherence to diets with increased antioxidant content was related to fewer vasomotor symptoms and better psychological well-being in menopausal women. This review is focused on interaction of oxidative stress and menopause-associated symptoms and ability of dietary antioxidants or their supplements in counteracting it.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Search strategy in PubMed.

Additional file 1: Appendix S1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and menopausal symptoms (MS) in postmenopausal middle-aged women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 postmenopausal women who referred to municipality health houses and health centers in south Tehran, Iran. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and waist circumference were determined. Dietary intake was assessed using a 147-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Energy-adjusted DTAC was calculated using the US Department of Agriculture database. Individual MS was measured by the Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire. Results Multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that DTAC was negatively associated with total Menopause Rating Scale score, somatic and psychological score, which was independent of confounding variables such as age, education, waist circumference, total physical activity, dietary intake of fiber, tea and coffee intake, total energy intake, and dietary supplement use ( P P trend = 0.002). Logistic regression for each symptom indicated that higher DTAC was associated with reduction in hot flashes and sweating, sleep problems, anxiety, exhaustion, and difficulty concentrating. However, a significant positive association was observed between DTAC and sexual problems. Conclusion DTAC is inversely associated with MS, which could be of particular significance for somatic and psychological symptoms. These findings indicate that DTAC could be an important basis for developing an effective dietary measure for reducing MS.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Despite the beneficial health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no previous human study has been conducted on the efficacy of cardamom in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), inflammatory factors, and liver enzymes in overweight or obese NAFLD patients. METHODS: The recruitment of subjects was conducted at the polyclinic of the central hospital of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran. Eighty-seven patients who participated were divided randomly into two groups according to the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The intervention involves taking two 500 mg capsules three times per day with meals for 3 months. General characteristics, dietary intake and physical activity status, weight and height were determined. In addition, serum Sirt1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured. The degree of fatty liver was determined at beginning and end of the study. RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased Sirt1 and decreased hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, ALT, and the degree of fatty liver (P 0.05). CONCLUSION: GC supplementation could improve some biomarkers related to fatty liver including inflammation, ALT, and Sirt1 in overweight/obese NAFLD patients. Further trials on cardamom’s potential are suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015.

Introduction Major depressive disorder is among main worldwide causes of disability. The low medication compliance rates in depressed patients as well as the high recurrence rate of the disease can bring up the nutrition-related factors as a potential preventive or treatment agent for depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression via the intermediary role of the serum folate and vitamin B12, total homocysteine, tryptophan, and tryptophan/competing amino acids ratio. Methods This was an individually matched case-control study in which 110 patients with depression and 220 healthy individuals, who completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were recruited. In addition, to measure the serum biomarkers 43 patients with depression and 43 healthy people were randomly selected from the study population. To diagnose depression the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were utilized. Results The findings suggest that the healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a reduced odds of depression (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61-0.93) whereas the unhealthy dietary pattern increased it (OR: 1.382, CI: 1.116–1.71). The mediation analysis showed that the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of depression via increased serum levels of the folate and vitamin B12; however, the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of depression via decreased serum levels of folate and vitamin B12, based on tree adjusted logistic regression models. Conclusion Dietary patterns may be associated with depression by changing the serum levels of folate and vitamin B12. Further studies are required to confirm the mechanism.

Summary Objective The present study investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched fish oil supplement on telomerase activity, mRNA expression of P16 INK , IL-6, and TNF-α considering Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ gene. Methods/Design In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 72 PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism genotyped type 2 diabetic patients aged 30–70 years were randomly assigned to receive 2.4 gr of DHA-enriched fish oil or a placebo for 8 weeks. Genotyping of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ gene was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), telomerase activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was measured using PCR-ELISA based on the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and changes in the mRNA expression of P16, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In the DHA group, telomerase activity was decreased (p = 0.001) during the intervention. In addition, between-group comparisons showed significant differences in the changes in telomerase activity (p = 0.003) and P16 mRNA expression (p = 0.028) and non-significant differences in TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression. The gene*DHA interaction could not affect changes in P16, IL-6, or TNF-α mRNA expression or in telomerase activity in PBMC. Discussion Short-time DHA-enriched fish oil supplementation caused increased levels of P16 expression and a decline in telomerase activity compared with the control group without modulating the effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism on the PPARγ gene. Because of the positive correlation between P16 activity and cellular senescence, the possibility of senescence stimulation by DHA is proposed.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) has been proposed as a tool for assessing the intake of antioxidants. The relationship between DTAC and blood glucose levels has been investigated mostly in healthy people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between DTAC and prediabetes morbidity in a case-control study.We examined 300 individuals with and without prediabetes (n = 150/group) who attended a Diabetes Screening Center in Shahreza, Iran. The anthropometric measures, physical activity, and blood glucose levels of all participants were measured. Food intake over the previous year was determined using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and sex-specific, energy-adjusted DTAC was calculated using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's database. Logistic reg/ression was used to model the relationship between DTAC and prediabetes morbidity.The mean DTAC was significantly lower in individuals with prediabetes than in the control group (P 0.001). Across increasing DTAC quartiles, the participants had lower fasting blood glucose and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (PThe DTAC score appears useful when assessing the antioxidant capacity of diet and to better understand the relationship between diet and prediabetes morbidity. Future studies are needed to confirm the findings from the present study in other populations.

We aimed to study whether macronutrient intake could modify the association between ApoB Ins/Del and lipid profile, and serum leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, 700 T2DM patients were recruited. Anthropometric, biochemical and molecular data were collected, and Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The interactions were tested using ANCOVA. Del-allele carriers with high-MUFA and carbohydrate (≥ 12 and ≥ 54% of energy, respectively) had significantly higher TG (P = 0.04) and LDL-C (P = 0.02) compared to Ins/Ins homozygotes, and these were not significant in subjects with low-MUFA and -carbohydrate (

Few studies have evaluated the association of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and pre-diabetes. However, these studies are very limited and incomplete. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare FV consumption and their subgroups between pre-diabetic and control subjects. This case–control study included 300 individuals, 150 subjects with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG), and 150 pre-diabetic subjects who were matched for sex and age. We collected the participants’ anthropometric and physical activity data and measured their blood glucose level. A 168 items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for estimating the FV intake. After adjustment for confounding variables, participants in the lower quartiles of FV and total fruit intake were more likely to experience pre-diabetes compared with those in the higher quartiles (p trend

Several preclinical studies have shown that spices may decrease the risk of chronic diseases. However, it has been suggested that more clinical trials be carried out to strengthen this preclinical evidence. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic, overweight, and obese pre-diabetic women.; Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 80 pre-diabetic subjects. They randomly received the cardamom supplement (n = 40, 3 g d-1 ) or identical inert placebo (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity were analyzed at the baseline and after intervention.; Results: After the adjustment of some covariates, cardamom supplementation significantly decreased serum hs-CRP (P = 0.02), hs-CRP:IL-6 ratio (P = 0.008), and MDA (P = 0.009) compared with the placebo group.; Conclusion: Cardamom could improve some parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress in pre-diabetic subjects. Thus it may be useful in reducing complications associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in these patients. Copyright © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Objectives: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common cyclic disorder in women, which is characterized by multiple emotional or physical symptoms. The protective effect of vegetable intake against PMS was not completely investigated. Thus, in the current study, we compared vegetable intake in nurses with and without PMS. Methods: In this case-control study, 307 female nurses with PMS (n = 156) and without PMS (n = 151) were participated from eight hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This study was performed from March to October 2014. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all nurses using standard methods. International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used for the physical activity assessment. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) was applied to identify women who suffer from PMS. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary intake measurement during the past years. Results: Across increasing total vegetable quartiles, individuals had a significantly higher energy intake (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found in job duration, working shift, and physical activity, according to quartiles of total vegetable intakes (P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the mean intake of cruciferous vegetables between cases and controls (P = 0.001). Healthy women had significantly more cruciferous vegetable intakes compared to PMS women (6.8 ± 3.9 vs 4.0 ± 3.3). After adjusting for the confounders such as total vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, dark yellow vegetables, and other vegetables, subjects in the highest quartile of cruciferous vegetables had lower odds (ratio OR) of PMS compared with those in the lowest-quartile (P = 0.002; OR = 0.33; CI = 0.16 - 0.67). Conclusions: Our findings showed that higher consumption of cruciferous vegetables might be associated with a lower OR of PMS.

Purpose Dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of diet. Since there is no study that has investigated the association of DII and benign breast diseases (BBD), the aim of our study was to compare DII scores in patients with and without BBD. Methods One hundred and eleven (111) subjects with BBD and 104 healthy women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research were enrolled in a case–control study. Dietary data collected using a 168‑item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Energy-adjusted DII was calculated based on FFQ. Socio demographic data were collected by interview. In addition, physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Weight, height and waist circumference were also measured. Results After adjustment for multiple confounding variables, participants at the highest tertile of DII had increased OR for BBD (OR=1.7, 95% CI=0.75–3.95) (P-trend =0.04). Conclusion The increased chance of BBD was suggested with a higher consumption of diets with inflammatory potential. However, this result should be interpreted with caution as OR was not statistically significant. Interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of inflammatory diets in the development of BBD.

Background: Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association of DPI and benign breast dise...

Background The optimal vitamin D intake for nursing mothers with overweight or obesity has not been defined. Vitamin D concentrations are associated with body composition indices, particularly body fat mass. Few studies have investigated the relationship between hypovitaminosis D, obesity, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women. Thus, the present study aims to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation during lactation will improve vitamin D status, reduce body fat mass, and improve body composition. Methods/design In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, after term delivery, 90 healthy women with overweight or obesity will be selected and randomly allocated into three groups to receive 2000 IU/d cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 4000 IU/d cholecalciferol, or placebo (lactose) for 12 weeks while nursing. Measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, and body composition (fat mass (kg), lean mass (kg), body fat (%), fat mass index, and relative fat mass index) will be taken for all subjects at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. In addition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus will be measured. Discussion This study is the first investigating the effect of different amounts of vitamin D supplementation on serum calcidiol, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women with overweight or obesity. Our findings will contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the role of vitamin D supplementation in obesity, anthropometric status, and body composition in nursing women. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20140413017254N6. Registered on 11 April 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3622-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Major depressive disorder is among main worldwide causes of disability. The low medication compliance rates in depressed patients as well as the high recurrence rate of the disease can bring up the nutrition-related factors as a potential preventive or treatment agent for depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression via the intermediary role of the serum folate and vitamin B12, total homocysteine, tryptophan, and tryptophan/competing amino acids ratio. Methods This was an individually matched case-control study in which 110 patients with depression and 220 healthy individuals, who completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were recruited. We selected the depressed patients from three districts in Tehran through non-probable convenience sampling from which healthy individuals were selected, as well. The samples selection and data collection were performed during October 2012 to June 2013. In addition, to measure the serum biomarkers 43 patients with depression and 43 healthy people were randomly selected from the study population. To diagnose depression the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, were utilized. Results The findings suggest that the healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a reduced odds of depression (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.93) whereas the unhealthy dietary pattern increased it (OR: 1.382, CI: 1.116–1.71). The mediation analysis showed that the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of depression via increased serum levels of the folate and vitamin B12; however, the unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of depression via decreased serum levels of folate and vitamin B12, based on tree adjusted logistic regression models. Conclusion Dietary patterns may be associated with depression by changing the serum levels of folate and vitamin B12. Further studies are required to confirm the mechanism.

Abstract. Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) has been associated with metabolic syndrome components in some studies. Moreover, the PPARγ gene may mediate the physiological response to dietary fat intake in a ligand-dependent manner. Methods: Metabolic syndrome components (body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profile) were determined in 290 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a cross-sectional study. DNA genotyping for determining PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism method. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ dietary intakes in the previous year. Results: There were significant differences between the two genotype groups of PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism, Ala carriers (Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala) versus non-Ala carriers (Pro/Pro), in terms of mean body mass index (p = 0.04) and waist circumference (p = 0.02). Below the median percentage of energy from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ala carriers had a higher body mass index (p = 0.01) compared to non-Ala carriers. Furthermore, a significant interaction between this single-nucleotide polymorphism and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake on serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.01) was seen, and in higher polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (≥ median) Ala carriers had lower triglyceride levels than non-Ala carriers (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The findings of the current study support a significant association between PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and metabolic syndrome components, and they suggest that this polymorphism can modulate the biological response of dietary fat intake on body mass index and triglyceride levels.

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of depression has grown dramatically in the world. According to WHO reports, about 350 million people suffer from depression. In addition to the side effects of antidepressants, many patients are resistant to treatment with these drugs. One of the most important effective factors in the pathology of depression is the role of nutrition in controlling and preventing this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the macronutrient and micronutrient status in depressed patients and compare them with healthy people. Methods: In this case-control study, 110 depressed patients were matched with 220 healthy controls based on their age, gender, and area of residence. Patients were selected by simple sampling method. In the case group, unipolar major depressive disorder was diagnosed by a psychiatrist using the DSM-IV criteria. Food intakes of all participants were obtained using reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and analyzed with Nutritionist4 software. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference were calculated for all participants. Results: The participants included 260 women and 71 men. The two groups had a statistically significant difference in terms of occupation, history of depression, childhood traumatic experiences, and family history of depression (P < 0.05). Regarding the macronutrients and micronutrients, a significant difference was observed between the case and control groups in terms of vitamin C, vitamin K, and dietary fiber intake, which were lower in depressed patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that intake of some micronutrients such as vitamins C, K, and dietary fiber may be associated with an increased risk of depression. Consumption of some micronutrients, mainly fruits and vegetables may be effective to control or prevent the risk of depression.

Background Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of mental disorders. Oxidative stress has implication in the development of these disorders. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) has been proposed as a tool for assessing dietary antioxidants intake. The relationship between DTAC with depression, anxiety and stress has not been investigated in postmenopausal women. Thus, we aimed to assess the association between DTAC and depression, stress and anxiety as well as oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 175 postmenopausal women. Data on dietary intake and mental health were collected by 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42), respectively. Dietary and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized-LDL, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. ANOVA test was applied to compare the mean of variables across the tertiles of DTAC. The relationship between DTAC and oxidative stress biomarkers was determined through ANCOVA method. Simple and multivariate linear regression tests were performed to measure the relationship between DTAC and mental health. Results Serum MDA level was significantly lower in the subjects at the highest tertiles of DTAC (P-value

Background Despite the reported health effects of cardamom on dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and fasting hyperglycemia, no human research has studied its potency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic part of metabolic syndrome. Our aim was determining the effects of green cardamom (GC) on serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. Methods The place of participant recruitment was the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital in Tehran. Based on the ultrasonography and eligibility criteria, 87 participants were randomly divided into two groups as cardamom (n = 43) or placebo (n = 44). The supplementation was two 500 mg capsules 3 times/day with meals for 3 months. Serum irisin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also calculated. Results In comparison with placebo, GC significantly increased irisin, HDL-c, and QUICKI and decreased FBI, TG, LDL-c, HOMA-IR, and the grade of fatty liver (P 0.05). Conclusion GC supplement improved the grade of fatty liver, serum glucose indices, lipids, and irisin level among overweight or obese NAFLD patients. The changes in these biomarkers may yield beneficial effects on NAFLD. Further trials on the efficacy of GC for clinical practice are suggested. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015121317254N4. Registered 27/12/2015, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2465-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Food intake and their correlations with dietary acid load scores.

CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a randomized trial. (DOC 223 kb)

The SPIRIT 2013 Checklist. (DOC 138 kb)

Background & aim In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), endothelial dysfunction appears to be a common condition. Given the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dried fruits of Elettaria cardamom, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green cardamom supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules in patients with T2DM. Materials & methods In a parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, eighty-three overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-34.9 kg/m² were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 41) or a control group (n = 42). The intervention and the placebo groups received 3 g of ground green cardamom’s fruit or rusk powder for 10 weeks, respectively. Physical activity level, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers [Interleukin 6 (Il-6), and Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163)] and serum adhesion molecules levels [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM), CD62 antigen-like family member (E-selectin) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)] were measured. Results In per-protocol (PP) analysis, after adjustment for confounders (gliclazide dose and duration of disease), the serum levels of VCAM (-244.5 ng/ml), ICAM (-72.3 ng/ml), E-selectin (-1.92 ng/ml) and IL-6 (-0.41 Pg/ml); (p Conclusions In conclusion, the results suggested that cardamom supplementation improved serum levels of adhesion molecules and reduced some inflammatory biomarkers in T2DM patients.

Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been investigated in very limited studies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the major dietary patterns and CVD risk factors in these patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 169 females of 18--35 years who were diagnosed with T1DM attending Iranian Diabetes Association in Tehran. Anthropometric measures, blood glucose, and lipid levels of all participants were measured. Dietary data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis. Using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), mean value of the biochemical factors across the tertiles of dietary patterns was compared. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: the grain, legume and nut (GLN), the fruits and vegetables (FV), and the high calorie foods, salty snacks, sweet and dessert (HSD). After adjustment for age, body mass index and energy intake, subjects who were in the highest tertile of FV pattern had significantly lower levels of LDL-c (P = 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.02), and total cholesterol (P = 0.01). GLN and HSD patterns had no significant relationship with blood glucose and lipids. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a dietary pattern rich in vegetables and fruits may be inversely associated with dyslipidemia in patients with T1DM. The results can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for the prevention of CVD in these patients.

The goal of the study described here was to determine whether dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake modulates the association between ApoB Ins/Del polymorphism and obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.In this cross-sectional study, 700 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in Tehran. Weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. ApoB genotyping was performed with 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.We observed a significant interaction between Ins/Del genotype and dietary ω-3 PUFA intake with respect to BMI, WC, and obesity risk in both unadjusted (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, and P = 0.021, respectively) and adjusted (P = 0.007, P = 0.04, and P = 0.002, respectively) samples. Thus, the carriers of the Del allele were only associated with lower BMI (P = 0.01) and WC (P = 0.002) among individuals with high ω-3 PUFA intake (≥0.6% of energy), but not in those with low ω-3 PUFA intake (0.6%). Also, when dietary ω-3 PUFA was0.6%, general obesity risk in carriers of the Del allele was about 1.6 times higher than that of Ins/Ins homozygotes (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.52, P = 0.039). But with high ω-3 PUFA intake (≥0.6%), the risk was 0.46 times lower (odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.79, P = 0.003). Moreover, a similar interaction was observed in central obesity only in men after adjustment for confounder variables (P = 0.041).These findings support the hypothesis that a diet high in ω-3 PUFA (≥0.6%) can decrease the obesity risk in carriers of the Del allele of ApoB gene.

Pre-diabetes increases the risk of diabetes and CVD. Several studies have investigated the relationship between food intake and pre-diabetes morbidity, but the dietary patterns of pre-diabetes subjects were not taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and pre-diabetes. In this regard, 150 pre-diabetic subjects and 150 healthy controls, who attended the diabetes screening centre in Shahreza, Iran, were matched for age group and sex. The weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and blood glucose levels of all participants were measured. Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Using factor analysis, two dietary patterns were identified: the vegetables, fruits and legumes (VFL) dietary pattern and the sweet, solid fat, meat and mayonnaise (SSMM) dietary pattern. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between pre-diabetes and dietary patterns. After adjusting for age, education, physical activity, BMI and energy intake, the VFL dietary pattern was found to be negatively associated with lower pre-diabetes (OR 0·16; 95 % CI 0·10, 0·26). Furthermore, the SSMM dietary pattern was positively associated with pre-diabetes (OR 5·45; 95 % CI 3·22, 9·23). In conclusion, the VFL dietary pattern is inversely related to pre-diabetes, whereas the SSMM dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of pre-diabetes.

Several studies have investigated the relation between benign breast diseases (BBD) and food intake. However, dietary patterns of these patients have not been taken into consideration up to now. The aim of this study is to determine the association between dietary patterns and BBD. In this case–control study, ninety-six patients with BBD and seventy controls were selected from women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. Demographic, physical activity and semi-quantitative FFQ were completed. The main dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Two major dietary patterns emerged: Healthy dietary pattern including fish, poultry, eggs, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, oil and mayonnaise, olives, fruits; and Unhealthy dietary pattern including red meats, organ and processed meats, high-fat dairy products, refined grains, sweets and desserts, animal and solid fats. After adjustment for age, BMI and energy intake, the participants in the highest tertile of Healthy dietary pattern (OR 0·44; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·99) were less likely to have BBD compared with those in the first tertile. After adjustment for other confounding variables, this relationship still remained close to significant level. However, higher consumption of Unhealthy dietary pattern was not associated with the risk of BBD. In conclusion, Healthy dietary pattern might be inversely associated with the risk of BBD; however, this result should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

Evidence suggests that diet plays an important role in the development of mental disorders, especially anxiety. Dietary diversity score is an indicator for assessing diet quality. However, its association with anxiety has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the association of dietary diversity score with anxiety. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 women attending health centers in the south of Tehran in 2014. General information among others were collected. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Dietary intake and anxiety score were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaires, respectively. Dietary diversity score was computed according to the guidelines of FAO. About 35% of the participants were found to exhibit anxiety. The dietary diversity score in 12.5% of the subjects were between 1 and 3 (low dietary diversity score) but 87.5% scored between 4 and 7 (high dietary diversity score). The adjusted mean of anxiety score in subjects with high dietary diversity score was significantly lower than those with low dietary diversity score. Dietary diversity score was found to be inversely associated with anxiety. However, the causality between anxiety and dietary diversity could not be determined.

Purpose Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) are two indices that are used for studying the inflammatory score of diet. Inflammation is associated with obesity. Insertion/Deletion Apo B polymorphism is a candidate gene for susceptibility to obesity. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of DII and EDII with obesity with consideration of Ins/Del Apo B gene. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 726 diabetic adults were included. DII and EDII were computed for each person based on validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric values were measured. After extracting DNA by salting-out extraction method, Apo B Ins/Del was genotyped by PCR method and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results After adjustment for confounders no significant change observed in the comparison of DII and EDII tertiles about anthropometric measures and obesity. The same result was observed about interaction effect between dietary inflammatory indices and Insertion/Deletion Apo B polymorphism. Conclusions We find no association between inflammation score of diet and obesity and no interaction effect between DII and EDII with Insertion/Deletion Apo B polymorphism on obesity. Further studies are needed to reach conclusive results.

The association between dairy food consumption and menopausal symptoms was evaluated with a cross-sectional study conducted on 393 postmenopausal women. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake over a year; menopausal symptoms were measured using a menopause rating scale (MRS) questionnaire. The total MRS score was the sum of the somatic, psychological, and urogenital scores. After adjustment for age, years since menopause, education level, BMI, physical activity, energy intake, healthy eating index and fibre intake, higher total dairy intake was related to lower somatic (β −0.184; P-value

Although menopause is a natural event in a woman's life, some of its symptoms can be severe enough to adversely affect her health. There is some evidence to suggest that diet has an influence on menopausal symptoms, but less attention has been paid to dietary patterns. The purpose of this study is to determine the association of dietary patterns with physical, mental, and genitourinary menopausal symptoms.A cross-sectional study design was applied using a sample of 400 postmenopausal women who attended health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. The menopausal symptoms were assessed by a Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire; a 147-item, semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information, and major dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and dietary patterns.Three major dietary patterns were identified: vegetables and fruits (VF); mayonnaise, liquid oils, sweets, and desserts (MLSD); and solid fats and snacks (SFS). It has been found that the VF dietary pattern is inversely associated with general (β = -1.37; SE = 1.08; P for trend0.001), physical (β = -1.54; SE = 1.09; P for trend0.001), and mental (β = -1.58; SE = 1.11; P for trend0.001) symptoms. A stronger adherence to the MLSD dietary pattern was directly associated with general (β = 1.15; SE = 1.08; P for trend0.001) and genitourinary symptoms (β = 1.54; SE = 1.1; P for trend0.001). Moreover, the SFS dietary pattern was directly related to the general (β = 1.23; SE = 1.09; P for trend = 0.01), physical (β = 1.24; SE = 1.09; P for trend = 0.04), and mental (β = 1.29; SE = 1.12; P for trend 0.001) symptoms.The present study demonstrated that there is an inverse association between VF dietary pattern and menopausal symptoms. In contrast, the MLSD and SFS dietary patterns were correlated to an increased risk of these symptoms.

Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Curcumin is the most important ingredient found in turmeric which has a very high potential for eliminating free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress as an antioxidant agent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Nano-curcumin supplementation on the severity of sensorimotor polyneuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).This parallel, double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 diabetic patients. Participants were allocated randomly to the intervention (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40). They received 80 mg of nano-curcumin or placebo capsules for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, physical activity, glycemic indices and the severity of DSPN were measured before and after the intervention.Supplementation of nano curcumin was accounted for a significant reduction in Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) (p 0.001) and Fast Blood Sugar(FBS) (p = 0.004), total score of neuropathy (p 0.001), total reflex score (p = 0.04) and temperature (p = 0.01) compared to placebo group.Our findings indicated that curcumin supplementation for 2 months improved and reduced the severity of DSPN in patients with T2DM.

ObjectivesThe relationships between carbohydrate intake and risk of obesity have been widely investigated. However, there are limited data on the associations between their relative proportions and quality contained in the same diet on risk of obesity, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between an overall Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and general and abdominal obesity in women.Setting and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 277 women in Ghana were analysed. Dietary information was obtained from 2-day 24 hours dietary recalls. CQI was calculated from the four indices dietary fibre, Glycaemic Index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.Outcome measuresBody mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index were measured.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the chance for general obesity (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) and abdominal obesity measured by WC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58) were significantly lower in the topmost quintile of CQI in comparison with the lowest quintile. In addition, the OR for higher WHtR (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) was significantly lower among participants in the fifth quintile of CQI compared with those in the first quintile.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that there is an inverse association between dietary CQI and both general and abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that CQI may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent obesity.