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The trial was conducted to evaluate effects of the addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal (ELW) on meat quality parameters. For a 30-days period, 40 TOPIGS pigs (body weight 13.58±0.37 kg) were allotted in two dietary treatments: control, M and experimental E (with 8% mix of ELW). At slaughter (32 ± 4.5 kg final body weight), meat samples from Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) were collected (n = 3 pigs/group), and analysed for pH, colour and texture profile. The pH of LD muscle was lower (-2.33%, P<0.001) in E diet. LD muscle from pigs fed E diet, registered a lower (-4.20%, P<0.001) value of Lightens (L) and a higher value of redness (a*) by 3.07 (P<0.001) compared to M. The ST muscle have registered lower (P<0.001) values of L (-7.30%) and a* (-22.84%) in E diet compared to M diet. Addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal in pigs diet have no negative influence on meat quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 21 days trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and plasma biochemical markers on 40 pigs (8.14 ± 1.08 kg of average body weight and 30 ± 3 days of age) when 25% of triticale was replaced with millet in weaned diets. The group C (n = 20) received a conventional diet based on corn-triticale-soybean meal and in the M group (n = 20), 25% millet cv. ʻMariusʼ replaced triticale (2 replicates per group). At 7 days post-weaning, the performances and plasma profiles (lipid, protein, mineral, enzyme) were evaluated. The blood samples collected from the piglets jugular vein (n = 10) were determined by a chemistry analyser Spotchem EZ SP-4430, Arkray, Japan. The performances of piglets fed either M or C diet were comparable (P>0.05). No effect (P>0.05) of dietary treatment on plasma metabolites was observed. However, the inorganic phosphorus (IP) decreased (-15%; P0.04) in the M vs. C diet. The present study revealed that the replacement of 25% millet to the piglet's diet, even in the most critical period of their lives, maintains the performances and blood plasma parameters within the normal reference ranges, beneficial to the health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 25% millet (Panicum miliaceum) as replacement of triticale on some quality characteristics of pig meat. Forty pigs Topigs hybrid (initial body weight 13.58 ± 0.37 kg) used in the trial for 30 days were assigned into two dietary treatments: control diet (M) and experimental diet (E, with 25% millet that replaces triticale from M diet). The pigs were slaughtered (n=3/group) at 81 ± 3 days (final body weight 32 ± 4.5 kg). The samples were taken from the liver, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscle and analyzed for: pH, colour and texture profile. The pH value of the liver and texture profile of all the tissue samples from E diet were not statistically different comparing to the M diet. Pigs fed E diet had a significantly increased value of redness a* in the liver (>17%) and in the ST (>45.5%) compared to M group. The liver yellowness b* was significantly higher (>53%) in the E group compared to the M group. For all tissue samples, the shear force was significantly affected in group E compared to the M group. In conclusion, the replacement of triticale with millet could be recommended for inclusion in pigs diets, without affecting pig meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental changes are known to be very diverse in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to identify and study the main dental changes in patients diagnosed with diabetes, as well as a statistical comparison of the two types of diabetes (type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes). Material and Method: Our study included 107 patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), 48 patients with DM type 1 and 59 patients with DM type 2 participated in the study. Patients aged 19-80 years old were clinically examined by analyzing the following parameters of the remnant teeth, caries, teeth with fillings, teeth with endodontic treatments and teeth with periapical radiotransparency. Results: The group of patients with DM type 1 recorded a high number of carious lesions and several lost dental units compared to the group of patients with DM type 2, where we found numerous periodontal treatments. Conclusions: We did not find a statistically significant difference between DM type 1 and DM type 2 patients with the total number of teeth present. Patients with DM type 1 presented more teeth with carious lesions at the upper jaw, while those with DM type 2 had more carious lesions at the lower jaw. The group of patients with DM type 2 presented more radiological changes of the apical periodontium, both at the upper and lower jaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Root resorption is a pathological process characterized by loss of dental root substance, caused by bacterial infections, traumatic injuries or chemical irritation. Root resorption might be accidentally observed on digital panoramic radiography. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify characteristic radiological aspects for the different types of root resorption that could be observed on digital panoramic radiography, to make an easier diagnostic of root resorption. Material and Method: The retrospective study used the X-ray base from the Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Prosthetics Clinic of UMF Craiova to identify the most representative images for different types of root resorption. Digital panoramic radiographies were analysed by two investigators, of which the most suggestive images were selected and described. Results: Digital panoramic radiographies and dental charts of 240 patients were analyzed. 113 cases of root resorption were identified. External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) was present in 27.07% of studied cases, external cervical root resorption (ECRR) was identified in 10.83% of all studied cases, external replacement root resorption (ERRR) was diagnosed in 7.08% of studied cases and internal root resorption (IRR) was the most rare type of root resorption, with only 2.08% from all studied cases. 16 cases were selected to describe the radiologic features of different types of root resorption, featuring the most interesting images of root resorption evident on digital panoramic radiographies. Discussion: Comparative analyses have been made between our results and the results of other specific studies, with both similar and different values. The radiological features which lead to the diagnostic of each type of RR were highlighted, assessing the causes that caused the lesions, as well as the treatment recommendations. Conclusions: Digital panoramic radiography is a useful tool to identify root resorption, since it has become the most common radiological investigation for diagnostic in dentistry. Description of radiological aspects of different types of root resorption on panoramic digital radiography allows faster diagnosis. Still, the CBCT may be recommended in some cases to confirm the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effect of sorghum grain inclusion in dairy cows diet, as an alternative to barley grain, on plasma biochemical markers (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase). Twelve Montbeliarde dairy cows, mid to late lactation, averaging 698 ± 27 kg body weight and 18 ± 1.3 l milk.day-1, were divided into two groups in a 43-day feeding trial: C diet, based on classical energetic sources (corn and barley) and E diet, where sorghum grain replace barley. The cows received the same forage diet. An analyzer BS-130 was used to determine the plasma parameters. Results showed that the use of 25% sorghum grain in E diet increased (+30%, P = 0.009) the plasma glucose and decreased the triglycerides (-20%, P = 0.032) comparing to C diet. Total protein and albumin increased (+10%, P = 0.002; respectively +17%, P = 0.013) as effect of dietary sorghum addition. The calcium concentration increased (+21%, P = 0.022), while the magnesium concentration decreased (-28%, P = 0.010) in E diet compared to C diet. The enzymes profile slightly increased as effect of fed sorghum grain, but the differences between treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Replacement of barley grain with sorghum had no adverse effects on health status of dairy cattle, the assessed markers being within the health reference limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The egg has a double functionality because of its excellent composition of nutrients and bioactive compounds with important role in preventing the chronic and infectious diseases, plus the fact that it allows the development of a new organism. The egg is a complete and versatile food. Egg consumption (100 g] covers 5-20% of the daily vitamin and mineral requirement for the man and has a good energy to protein ratio. The quality requirements include organoleptic characteristics, nutritional properties, technological and safety aspects. Within the context of and increased demand for egg consumption, and of the requirements of the quality standards, the focus is on the research of the dietary improvement of the quality, while not overseeing the aspects related to hygiene, health state and contamination. For instance, egg colour is provided through natural plant pigments, carotenoids, which also have the role of antioxidants and/or precursors for vitamin A, and xanthophylls. Yolk quality is associated to yolk colour and with the cholesterol level. Selenium-methionine supplements to layer diets increase the a-tocopherol content of the eggs, while decreasing slightly the yolk cholesterol. A way to increase rapidly the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids level of the hen eggs is to use linseed, canola, hempseed, camelina etc., or to supplement the diets with fishmeal or fish oil. The low dietary Ca levels affect eggshell thickness, breaking strength and form. The incidence of broken eggs ranges between 6 and 8%. The acid-base balance, influenced by the Na, K, Cl ratio in layers, can affect the breaking strength of the eggshell. The laying hens are more susceptible to diseases, and the use of antibiotics in sub-therapeutic doses to stimulate growth and/or in prophylactic doses to prevent diseases, or in therapeutic doses to cure diseases, generated problems related to the microbe resistance. Romania has some of the highest levels of antimicrobial resistance in the EU. Health systems need to respond more efficiently to changing health care needs. Giving antibiotics to sick animals will kill many bacteria, but resistant bacteria can survive and multiply, thereby contaminating the food chain. Not without significance is the fact that the livestock health care and nutrition are the main factor affecting the quality of animal origin products, animal health, metabolic disorders incidence and animal performance. This is the reason why the research is complex, and the trend is to highlight the multiple quality and health aspects closely related to quantity and to consumer orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dietary extruded linseed (ELS):walnut meal (WM) mixture (8:1) on some plasma parameters and intestinal health in weaned piglets was investigated. Forty piglets (Topigs hybrid; body weight BW=8.02±0.82 kg), age 30±3 days, were divided into 2 groups and fed 2 diets: control (C, based on corn-triticale-soybean meal (SBM)) and experimental (ELS:WM, where the ELS:WM mixture 8:1 partially replaces SBM). Blood samples were collected at 7 and 21 days postweaning (PW). A chemistry analyzer was used to determine the plasma lipid (total cholesterol, T-Chol; HDL-cholesterol, HDL-C; triglycerides, TG), mineral and enzymatic profile. Microbial populations from fecal samples were determined by counting the colonies obtained on selected media. There was no effect of dietary mixture inclusion on plasma parameters at 7 and 21 days PW (P>0.05). The plasma HDL-C concentration was positively correlated with the alpha-linolenic (ALA) fatty acids content of diet at days 7 (r=0.94, P<0.0001) and 21 PW (r=0.89, P<0.0001), while at day 21 PW the T-Chol (r=0.52, P=0.08) and TG (r=0.54, P=0.07) tended to be influenced by the dietary treatment. Fecal score (FS) decreased at day 7 PW (P>0.05), and at day 21 PW a tendency to decrease FS as a response to dietary mixture addition was observed (P=0.07). The tested dietary mixture positively affected the microbial fecal populations by decreasing the Staphylococcus spp. (P=0.001), E. coli (P<0.0001) and fungi (P=0.004), also tended to increase the Lactobacillus spp. (P=0.08). In conclusion, the dietary mixture could be an alternative to partially replace SBM in piglet's diet due to positive biochemical response and intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dietary partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with peas (cv. Tudor), on performance, carcass traits, plasma biochemistry and intestinal microflora in broiler chicks, was assessed. One-day-old broilers (n=400) divided in 2 groups were fed 2 isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: control diet (C) based on corn-sorghum-SBM and experimental diet (PT) that contained 200 g/kg peas (cv. Tudor). Results shown that PT addition significantly affect performance, BWG of broilers was higher in starter (13.23%; P<0.0001), finisher (3.21%; P=0.014) and overall period (4.28%; P<0.0001); FI was increased with 7.54% (P=0.005) in starter, 0.89% (P=0.001) in finisher, respectively 1.19% (P=0.043) in overall period vs. C diet. The FCR was decreased in finisher (P=0.024) and total period (P<0.0001) in PT group. Feeding PT did not affect the carcass yields but increased breast yield (P=0.038), and a tendency to increase the legs yield and to decrease the abdominal fat was observed. Plasma total protein content was higher in PT group (P=0.045). Digestive organs weight, length of the intestinal tract and intestinal pH of broilers were not affected by feeding PT diet. No differences were found in the ileal population of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli among treatments, except the counts of Lactobacillus spp. that increased (5.83%; P<0.0001) in PT group. In conclusion, dietary peas (cv. Tudor), in the amount of 200 g/kg, as partial replacement for SBM, improve performance and carcass traits, has a positive effect on plasma total protein and alter ileal microflora by increasing Lactobacillus spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hempseed is a low-cost ingredient rich in n-3 fatty acids (FA). This study aimed to assess the FA concentration in different pig tissuesin combination with the performance as effect of the dietary addition of hempseed. Twenty hybrid Topigs (38.64 kg) were assigned to a 30d trial into 2 groups: C group received a basal diet and HS group received the same basal diet with 5% hempseed Jubileu variety. The FA were determined by gas chromatography. The n-3 rich diet altered highly significantly PUFA concentration in Longissimus dorsi, liver, heart and brain, especially n-3 PUFA (P<0.0001) without modifying significantly the performances. The brain and liver had registered the highest concentration of long chain FA in the HS diet (5.26% in liver, 5.04% in brain compared to 1.61% in heart). Long-chain FA were not identified in the Longissimus dorsi, whatever the diet. By addition of hempseed the C18:3n3 was increased significantly in all tissues except the brain. As the PUFA increased the peroxidability index also increased, especially in the liver and brain. We can conclude that the hempseed has a valuable nutritive potential, especially in n-3 PUFA, which led to a positive alteration of beneficial FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary hemp seed (HS) influence on sow milk composition and piglets' performances. Ten sows were assigned randomly, to a control group (CL) with classical diets, and an experimental group (HSL) fed with 5% HS. Their litter (N=96) were divided in two groups: HH/CH with 1.5% HS and CC/HC without HS. The HS antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method, phenolic compound by Folin-Ciocalteu, cannabinoid by colorimetry. Milk and colostrum samples from sow were collected manually. Gas chromatography was used to determine milk fatty acids (FA) composition. Colostrum and sow milk content of protein was determined by biuret reaction and lactose concentration was determined using phosphomolybdenic reagent. The lipid specimen was heated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Then vanillin and phosphoric acid are added to yield a pink coloured product which has been measured at 530 nm and quantified using a triolein standard. Milk yield (MY) was calculated. Average daily gain (ADG) of piglets at 0 to 7 d (days) was higher (P= 0.001) for HC/HH group and tended to be higher for HC/HH group at 0-21 d. Milk yield calculated at peak lactation was > 2.1-fold in HSL group than in CL group. The diets tend to influence milk fat content, whereas the day had a significantly higher influence for protein and lactose. The n-3-rich diet favours milk deposition of a- linolenic FA (ALA), linoleic FA (LA) and total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). This led to a significantly lower n- 6:n-3 ratio in milk of HSL group. Docosahexaenoic FA (DHA) increased 1.87 and 2.33-fold at 0-7 d and 0-21 d in HSL group. We can conclude that HS altered beneficially milk FA associated with litter performance. Significantly positively correlated with MY, milk constituents declined in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary partial corn replacement by white sorghum (WS) or triticale (T) on growth performance, carcass parameters and pH of meat in broilers. One-day-old unsexed Cobb 500 broilers (n=600) were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 4 replicates per treatment. The broilers were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal control diets (C), corn-WS-soybean meal diets (WS) or corn-T-soybean meal diets (T) for 35 days. The WS or T partially replaced corn; proportions in diets were 275.4 g/kg or 284.0 g/kg (starter), 307.0 g/kg or 308.2 g/kg (grower) and 332.7 g/kg or 335.0 g/kg (finisher). Results showed that performance (body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) or carcass traits (carcass yields, breast, leg, wings, liver and abdominal fat percentage) at 35 d were not affected by the inclusion of WS or T in diets. The pH values of breast (Pectoralis major) and thigh (Biceps femoris) muscle at 30 min and 24 h after slaughter were not influenced by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, partial corn replacement with white sorghum or triticale are suitable options for broiler chicken diet, with no adverse effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics or meat pH, as important quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of dietary peas: linseed mixture (3:1) on the performance and certain serum biochemical parameters of weaned piglets. The faecal bacteriological and fungal composition and diarrhoea incidence was done as well. A total of 20 weaned piglets, 28 ± 3 days of age, were assigned randomly to 2 groups: control diet (C diet) with a classical diet (corn and soybean meal) and peas: linseed diet (PL diet, 3:1). The lipid and protein profile were determined by Analyser BS – 130. The cortisol serum concentration was determined with an Immulite 2000 (Siemens). The serum lipase concentration was determined by the spectrophotometer method. The number of microorganisms from the faeces samples was determined by counting the colonies obtained on selected media for each particular microorganism. The dietary addition of peas: linseed mixture did not influence the performance (P>0.05). The serum markers: cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and their fraction did not differ significantly between treatments. Except the protein, which was slightly under the recommended limit, the other markers were within the physiological limits. The dietary fat content was similar. Serum lipase level in weaned piglets decreased insignificantly by dietary incorporation of peas: linseed (<9.06% in PL diet compared to C diet). The lower level of serum lipase in PL diet was reflected in a higher level of triglyceride (>1.10 times) and cholesterol (>1.06 times). The cortisol level was reduced by 94% by peas: linseed addition. The vegetable protein source did not have a significant influence on the bacteria of the faeces. After 2 weeks from weaning, the bacteria count was slowly higher in PL diet compared to C diet, as shown by a higher incidence of diarrhoea. We can conclude that peas and linseed are valuable vegetable sources for weaning piglets, their combination delivering an opportunity to have an optimal diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weaning is the most critical period being associated with stress generators factors for piglets. Diet is one of these factors. Sorghum need less water compared to other grain and in dry years it can replace maize grain. This study evaluated the influence of Albanus white sorghum, low content in tannins, on certain zootechnical (weight gain, WG, average daily gain, ADG and feed conversion, g feed:g gain) and biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, lipase). During 20d a biological trial was conducted on weaning piglets Topigs, 28 ± 3 days of age, 6.95 ± 0.97 kg weight. Twenty piglets were assigned randomly to two groups: control (corn diet) fed with classical diet and experimental (sorghum diet), 31% of maize was replaced by sorghum Albanus variety. The serum cholesterol and lipase concentration were determined by spectrophotometer method. The triglycerides levels were assessed by Analyser BS - 130. The WG and ADG were not significantly different. The feed to gain ratio was closed between groups (1.43 vs. 1.58). The cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in Corn group compared to Sorghum group (>21.25%). The lipase enzyme can influence appetite and influence beneficial cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The level of lipase was 12.18% lower while the triglycerides concentration was 0.87% higher in sorghum diet. In conclusion, although, sorghum digestibility is lower, the growth performances were not significantly altered. Except cholesterol concentration the other serum parameter did not differ significantly between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to determine whether the increase through diet of the fatty acids (FA) composition in sows colostrum and milk was associated with litter performances and their biochemical profile. The study was conducted in 4 sows TOPIGS (48 litter) allocated into 2 groups: control and Hemp diets. Litters were divided into two dietary treatments: control diet and control plus 2.5% additive based on L acidophilus (50%) and L. Plantarum (50%) bacterial strain. The FAs composition of the colostrum and milk (7 and 21 days) was determined by gas chromatography. The sow and litter biochemical profile was determined with BS-130 automatic analyser. The addition of hemp in feed of Hemp group sows starting the last 10 days of gestation significantly influenced the colostrum and milk composition in polyunsaturated FAs, n-3 and n-6 FAs. In Hemp group a- linolenic FA content in colostrum was 1.4 times higher than in the control group, 1.64 times higher after 7 days of lactation and 1.45times higher after 21 days of lactation compared to control group. The dietary addition of hemp lead to a reduction of ratio n-6: n-3 in milk. This was positive reflected in the litter performances (>3.8% at litter from Hemp group sow compared to C group) and their health. The microbial additive reinforced the positive effects on growth parameters (>20%at litter from Hemp group sow and > 25% at litter from control group respectively). Both sows and piglets serum biochemical parameters were within physiological limit. In conclusion, feed composition can beneficially influence colostrum / milk fatty acids composition in relation to litter performances, biochemical parameters and health. Milk fat quality had positive effects on piglet performance and their health, as shown by the biochemical plasma parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels and two protein-oleaginous sources on carcass fatty acids (FA) composition in broilers at 42 d. Cobb 500 broiler chicks (n=1200) were randomly divided in 6 groups with 4 replications per treatment. Broilers were fed 6 different isocaloric diets in a 3 x 2 factorial design with 3 levels of protein [medium protein (MP), high (HP) and low (LP)] and 2 protein-oleaginous sources (camelina cake, CC and canola meal, CM). The proportion of CC and CM in broiler diets was 80 g/kg. The FA composition of carcass was determined by gas chromatography. The higher level of n-3 PUFA, especially ALA in CC compared to CM was reflected in carcass fraction n-3 PUFA composition, whatever the protein level. This effect is associated with the presence of long chain n-3 FA (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic) in carcass fraction. In addition, the use of CC decreased significantly n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of carcass fraction (3.28:1 in CC diets vs. 6.65:1 in CM diets), with real benefits for human health. The chemical composition of carcass fraction was not influenced significantly by the protein level and sources. The dietary protein level had no significant effect on FA composition of carcass fraction. In conclusion, the results showed that LP diets can ensure similar carcass quality and FA profile than HP or MP diets. Our study highlight that the camelina cakes is more valuable dietary source of n-3 PUFA for broilers than canola meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to estimate the nutrient flow in different body fractions, in phase-fed second parity Large White sows after mating and during gestation, by developing a model based on data from previous experiments and on theoretical coefficients. The trial used 16, second parity, pregnant Large White sows selected randomly, with 171 ± 20 kg average initial body weight. After mating, the animals were assigned randomly to 3 homogenous groups: group C, whose dietary compound feed had a protein level according to the norms calculated by mathematical modelling; group L, whose dietary protein level was 10% lower compared to C diet; group H, whose dietary protein level was 10% higher compared to C diet. A total of 4 sows have been slaughtered in the beginning of the trial to determine reference values for the body composition. The different dietary protein level of the three groups was the variable; the feeding norm and the feed intake were changed gradually, but similarly among the groups. The gain of protein was 13.03 kg for group L, 11.67 kg for group C and 12.52 kg for group H. the decrease of the dietary protein level was accompanied by the 4.18% decrease of the energy intake compared to H diet and 2.65% compared to C diet. The protein level increased 1.34 times, 2 days before parturition compared to the post-mating period, with a stronger increase for L diet. Overall body fractions, lipid content was 1.05 times lower in group L, 1.14 times lower in group C and 0.7 times lower in group H. In conclusion, protein restriction can be advantageous in terms of economy, environment protection and production. On the contrary, the surplus of protein may lead to waste and it doesn't justify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study concerning the effect of dried grape pomace (DGP) in fatty acids (FA) composition of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and plasma polyphenols spectrumin as fed diets in finishing hybrid pigs.