334 results on '"Gebremedhin, Amanuel"'
Search Results
52. Does family planning counselling during health service contact improve postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia? A nationwide cross-sectional study
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Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Tessema, Gizachew, Dunne, Jennifer, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, Pereira, Gavin, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Tessema, Gizachew, Dunne, Jennifer, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, and Pereira, Gavin
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between family planning counselling receipt during the 12 months preceding the survey and postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia. We hypothesised that receiving family planning counselling either within the community setting by a field health worker or at a health facility by a healthcare attendant during the 12 months preceding the survey improves postpartum modern contraceptive uptake. DESIGN: We used a cross-sectional study of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016.Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1650 women who gave birth during the 12 months and had contact with service delivery points during the 12 months preceding the survey. PRIMARY OUTCOME: A weighted modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate an adjusted relative risk (RR) of postpartum modern contraceptives. RESULTS: Approximately half (48%) of the women have missed the opportunity to receive family planning counselling at the health service contact points during the 12 months preceding the survey. The postpartum modern contraceptive uptake was 27%. Two hundred forty-two (30%) and 204 (24%) of the counselled and not counselled women used postpartum modern contraceptive methods, respectively. Compared with women who did not receive counselling for family planning, women who received counselling had higher contraceptive uptake (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.67). CONCLUSION: Significant numbers of women have missed the opportunity of receiving family planning counselling during contact with health service delivery points. Modern contraceptive uptake among postpartum women was low in Ethiopia. Despite this, our findings revealed that family planning counselling was associated with improved postpartum modern contraceptive uptake.
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- 2022
53. Interbirth interval and maternal anaemia in 21 sub-Saharan African countries: A fractionalpolynomial analysis
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Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Tessema, Gizachew, Scott, Jane, Pereira, Gavin, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Tessema, Gizachew, Scott, Jane, and Pereira, Gavin
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Background Maternal anaemia is a global public health problem contributing to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. In addition to other risk factors, interbirth interval has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor of maternal anaemia. However, the current evidence for the association between interbirth interval and maternal anaemia remains inconclusive. Hence, this study examined the association between the interbirth interval and maternal anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We conducted a multinational cross-sectional study of interbirth interval (time between two singleton live births) and maternal anaemia (haemoglobin levels < 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women, < 11 g/dl for pregnant women) for 21 sub-Saharan African countries using the most recent nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys, 2010-2017. A weighted multivariable fractional polynomial function was used to estimate the non-linear relationship between interbirth interval and maternal anaemia, considering interbirth interval as a continuous variable and adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by reproductive classification (non-pregnant and pregnant women). Results There were 81,693 women included in the study (89.2% non-pregnant, 10.8% pregnant). Of all women, 32.2% were in their postpartum period. Overall, 36.9% of women had anaemia (36.0% of non-pregnant and 44.3% of pregnant women). Of the participants, 15% had a short interbirth interval (<24 months), and 16% had a long interbirth interval (≥ 60 months). We found that both short and longer interbirth intervals were associated with an increased risk of maternal anaemia in a dose-response fashion. Relatively a lower risk of maternal anaemia was observed between 24 and 40 months of interbirth intervals. Conclusions Our findings suggest that both short and longer interbirth intervals were associated with an increased risk of maternal anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa.
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- 2022
54. The role of family planning counselling during maternal and child health services in postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia: A national longitudinal study
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Mruts, Kalayu, Tessema, Gizachew, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, Pereira, Gavin, Mruts, Kalayu, Tessema, Gizachew, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, and Pereira, Gavin
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Family planning counselling can help improve the postpartum modern contraceptive uptake. However, studies in Ethiopia indicate inconsistent effects of integrated family planning counselling on postpartum modern contraceptive uptake. This study aimed to determine the extent of family planning counselling and its role in improving postpartum contraceptive uptake among women in Ethiopia. We used the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) Ethiopia panel survey data, a community-based prospective cohort study. Randomly selected pregnant women were recruited at the baseline interview and followed by six weeks and six months postpartum. A weighted generalised linear model fitted with a Poisson distribution and a log link function was used to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of modern contraceptive uptake. The coverages of family planning counselling provision during ANC, prior to discharge and child immunisation were 20%, 27% and 23%, respectively. The modern contraceptive uptakes by six weeks and six months postpartum were 18% and 36%, respectively. Family planning counselling prior to discharge from the facility was associated with increased modern contraceptive uptake by six weeks (aRR 1.25; 95% CI 0.94, 1.65) and six months postpartum periods (aRR 1.07; 95% CI 0.90, 1.27). Moreover, women who received family planning counselling during child immunisation were 35% more likely to use modern contraceptives by six months postpartum (aRR 1.35;95% CI 1.12, 1.62). However, counselling during ANC visits was not associated with modern contraceptive uptake by either six weeks or six months postpartum. A significant proportion of women had missed the opportunity, and the postpartum modern contraceptive uptake was low. Despite these, family planning counselling prior to discharge from the facility and during child immunisation improved the postpartum modern contraceptive uptake. However, our finding revealed insufficient evidence that fam
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- 2022
55. Short interpregnancy interval and its predictors in Ethiopia: implications for policy and practice.
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Mruts, Kalayu, Tessema, Gizachew, Kassaw, N.A., Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, Pereira, Gavin, Mruts, Kalayu, Tessema, Gizachew, Kassaw, N.A., Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Scott, Jane, and Pereira, Gavin
- Abstract
Introduction: interpregnancy interval (IPI) is the time elapsed between the birth of one live child and the conception of subsequent pregnancies. Several studies in Ethiopia indicated a high prevalence of a short interbirth interval - a proxy indicator of IPI. However, these studies were prone to selection bias as they did not include women who did not go on to have another pregnancy. Therefore, this study estimated the incidence of short IPI (< 24 months) and its risk factors among women who had at least one child in Ethiopia. Methods: we used a retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional study from the nationally representative Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) conducted in 2019. The event was defined as the conception of the subsequent pregnancy within 24 months following the last child. A weighted Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: the incidence of short IPI was 6%. Rural residence, being young age, low educational attainment, having the last child died and having female last birth were the risk factors for short IPI. However, having higher parity, attending Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, being delivered at a health facility, and receiving Postnatal Care (PNC) visits were the protective factors for short IPI. Conclusion: the incidence of short IPI in Ethiopia was considerable. Sociodemographic and health service-related factors determine the short IPI. Hence, considering the immediate and long-term health and socioeconomic consequences of short IPI, the Ethiopian government should implement holistic and multisectoral interventions.
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- 2022
56. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis
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Li, You, primary, Wang, Xin, additional, Blau, Dianna M, additional, Caballero, Mauricio T, additional, Feikin, Daniel R, additional, Gill, Christopher J, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Omer, Saad B, additional, Simões, Eric A F, additional, Campbell, Harry, additional, Pariente, Ana Bermejo, additional, Bardach, Darmaa, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Casalegno, Jean-Sebastien, additional, Chakhunashvili, Giorgi, additional, Crawford, Nigel, additional, Danilenko, Daria, additional, Do, Lien Anh Ha, additional, Echavarria, Marcela, additional, Gentile, Angela, additional, Gordon, Aubree, additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, Huang, Q Sue, additional, Jullien, Sophie, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, Lopez, Eduardo Luis, additional, Markić, Joško, additional, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, additional, Moore, Hannah C, additional, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, Nokes, D James, additional, Noordeen, Faseeha, additional, Obodai, Evangeline, additional, Palani, Nandhini, additional, Romero, Candice, additional, Salimi, Vahid, additional, Satav, Ashish, additional, Seo, Euri, additional, Shchomak, Zakhar, additional, Singleton, Rosalyn, additional, Stolyarov, Kirill, additional, Stoszek, Sonia K, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wurzel, Danielle, additional, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, additional, Yung, Chee Fu, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Nair, Harish, additional, Abram, Michael, additional, Aerssens, Jeroen, additional, Alafaci, Annette, additional, Balmaseda, Angel, additional, Bandeira, Teresa, additional, Barr, Ian, additional, Batinović, Ena, additional, Beutels, Philippe, additional, Bhiman, Jinal, additional, Blyth, Christopher C, additional, Bont, Louis, additional, Bressler, Sara S, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Cohen, Rachel, additional, Costa, Anna-Maria, additional, Crow, Rowena, additional, Daley, Andrew, additional, Dang, Duc-Anh, additional, Demont, Clarisse, additional, Desnoyers, Christine, additional, Díez-Domingo, Javier, additional, Divarathna, Maduja, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Edgoose, Madeleine, additional, Ferolla, Fausto Martín, additional, Fischer, Thea K, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Gillet, Yves, additional, Hernandez, Roger, additional, Horvat, Come, additional, Javouhey, Etienne, additional, Karseladze, Irakli, additional, Kubale, John, additional, Kumar, Rakesh, additional, Lina, Bruno, additional, Lucion, Florencia, additional, MacGinty, Rae, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, McMinn, Alissa, additional, Meijer, Adam, additional, Milić, Petra, additional, Morel, Adrian, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Mungun, Tuya, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Newbern, Claire, additional, Nicol, Mark P, additional, Odoom, John Kofi, additional, Openshaw, Peter, additional, Ploin, Dominique, additional, Polack, Fernando P, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Prasad, Namrata, additional, Puig-Barberà, Joan, additional, Reiche, Janine, additional, Reyes, Noelia, additional, Rizkalla, Bishoy, additional, Satao, Shilpa, additional, Shi, Ting, additional, Sistla, Sujatha, additional, Snape, Matthew, additional, Song, Yanran, additional, Soto, Giselle, additional, Tavakoli, Forough, additional, Toizumi, Michiko, additional, Tsedenbal, Naranzul, additional, van den Berge, Maarten, additional, Vernhes, Charlotte, additional, von Mollendorf, Claire, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, and Walker, Gregory, additional
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- 2022
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57. Does family planning counselling during health service contact improve postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia? A nationwide cross-sectional study
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Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, primary, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, additional, Dunne, Jennifer, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Scott, Jane, additional, and Pereira, Gavin F, additional
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- 2022
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58. Short interpregnancy interval and its predictors in Ethiopia: implications for policy and practice
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Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, primary, Tessema, Gizachew A, additional, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Scott, Jane A, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2022
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59. Association between interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications by history of complications: a population-based cohort study
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, primary, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, additional, Regan, Annette K, additional, and Pereira, Gavin F, additional
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- 2021
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60. 455Association of interpregnancy interval and preterm births: what does a sibling-matched study indicate?
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Tessema, Gizachew, primary, Marinovich, M Luke, additional, Håberg, Siri E, additional, Gissler, Mika, additional, Mayo, Jonathan A, additional, Nassar, Natasha, additional, Ball, Stephen, additional, Betrán, Ana Pilar, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel T, additional, de Klark, Nick, additional, Magnus, Maria C, additional, Marston, Cicely, additional, Regan, Annette K, additional, Shaw, Gary M, additional, Padula, Amy M, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2021
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61. 1344Interbirth interval and maternal anaemia in 21 sub-Saharan African countries: a multinational cross-sectional study
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Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, primary, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Scott, Jane, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2021
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62. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: A systematic review
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Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Koye, Digsu Negese, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, Woldegiorgis, Mulu, Kinfu, Yohannes, Geleto, Ayele Bali, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Mohammed, Hassen, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Abrha, Solomon, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ayalew, Mohammed Biset, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, Gebremichael, Lemlem, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Meazaw, Maereg Wagnew, Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane, Tekle, Dejen Y., Tesema, Azeb G., Tesfay, Fisaha H., Tesfaye, Wubshet, Wubishet, Befikadu L., Dachew, Berihun A., Adane, Akilew A., Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Koye, Digsu Negese, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, Woldegiorgis, Mulu, Kinfu, Yohannes, Geleto, Ayele Bali, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Mohammed, Hassen, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Abrha, Solomon, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ayalew, Mohammed Biset, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, Gebremichael, Lemlem, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Meazaw, Maereg Wagnew, Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane, Tekle, Dejen Y., Tesema, Azeb G., Tesfay, Fisaha H., Tesfaye, Wubshet, Wubishet, Befikadu L., Dachew, Berihun A., and Adane, Akilew A.
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© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and str
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- 2021
63. Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: An international cohort study.
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Tessema, Gizachew, Marinovich, Luke, Håberg, Siri E, Gissler, Mika, Mayo, Jonathan A, Nassar, Natasha, Ball, Stephen, Betrán, Ana Pilar, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, de Klerk, Nick, Magnus, Maria C, Marston, Cicely, Regan, Annette, Shaw, Gary M, Padula, Amy M, Pereira, Gavin, Tessema, Gizachew, Marinovich, Luke, Håberg, Siri E, Gissler, Mika, Mayo, Jonathan A, Nassar, Natasha, Ball, Stephen, Betrán, Ana Pilar, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, de Klerk, Nick, Magnus, Maria C, Marston, Cicely, Regan, Annette, Shaw, Gary M, Padula, Amy M, and Pereira, Gavin
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BACKGROUND: Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue. METHODS: We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980-2016), Finland (1987-2017), Norway (1980-2016) and the United States (California) (1991-2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates-the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception of the next (index) pregnancy. We estimated associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) using logistic regression (between-women analyses). We also used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs and birth outcomes in the same women (within-women analyses). Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR). RESULTS: Compared to an IPI of 18-23 months, there was insufficient evidence for an association between IPI <6 months and overall PTB (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99-1.18) and SGA (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81-1.19), but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21-1.57) in the within-women analysis. We observed elevated odds of all birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for <12 month and >24 month IPIs. CONCLUSIONS: We found consistently elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of other adverse birth outcomes. Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.
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- 2021
64. Associations between interpregnancy interval and preterm birth by previous preterm birth status in four high-income countries: a cohort study
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Marinovich, Luke, Regan, Annette, Gissler, M., Magnus, M.C., Håberg, S.E., Mayo, J.A., Shaw, G.M., Bell, J., Nassar, N., Ball, Stephen, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Marston, C., de Klerk, N., Betrán, A.P., Padula, A.M., Pereira, Gavin, Marinovich, Luke, Regan, Annette, Gissler, M., Magnus, M.C., Håberg, S.E., Mayo, J.A., Shaw, G.M., Bell, J., Nassar, N., Ball, Stephen, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Marston, C., de Klerk, N., Betrán, A.P., Padula, A.M., and Pereira, Gavin
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Objective: To investigate the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on preterm birth (PTB) according to whether the previous birth was preterm or term. Design: Cohort study. Setting: USA (California), Australia, Finland, Norway (1980–2017). Population: Women who gave birth to first and second (n = 3 213 855) singleton livebirths. Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) for PTB according to IPIs were modelled using logistic regression with prognostic score stratification for potential confounders. Within-site ORs were pooled by random effects meta-analysis. Outcome measure: PTB (gestational age <37 weeks). Results: Absolute risk of PTB for each IPI was 3–6% after a previous term birth and 17–22% after previous PTB. ORs for PTB differed between previous term and preterm births in all countries (P-for-interaction ≤ 0.001). For women with a previous term birth, pooled ORs were increased for IPI <6 months (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.43–1.58); 6–11 months (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16); 24–59 months (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.13–1.18); and ≥ 60 months (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.60–1.86), compared with 18–23 months. For previous PTB, ORs were increased for <6 months (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18–1.42) and ≥60 months (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.42), but were less than ORs among women with a previous term birth (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Associations between IPI and PTB are modified by whether or not the previous pregnancy was preterm. ORs for short and long IPIs were higher among women with a previous term birth than a previous PTB, which for short IPI is consistent with the maternal depletion hypothesis. Given the high risk of recurrence and assuming a causal association between IPI and PTB, IPI remains a potentially modifiable risk factor for women with previous PTB. Tweetable abstract: Short versus long interpregnancy intervals associated with higher ORs for preterm birth (PTB) after a previous PTB.
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- 2021
65. Effects of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy complications in a high-income country
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Gizachew Tessema, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gizachew Tessema, and Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
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Using a high-quality, population-based cohort spanning over 35 years in WA, we found insufficient evidence to suggest that short intervals increase the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and gestational diabetes. However, long intervals (>24 months) were associated with an increased risk of HDPs. Findings from this thesis suggest that optimal intervals vary by maternal age and previous pregnancy complications at birth prior to the interval and challenge the applicability of the current birth spacing recommendations, including WHO, to high-income settings such as Australia.
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- 2021
66. THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL TOBACCO EXPOSURE ON OFFSPRING EARLY CHILDHOOD NEURODEVELOPMENT
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Tessema, Gizachew, Alati, Rosa, and Pereira, Gavin
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- 2023
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67. Association between interpregnancy interval and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Effect modification by maternal age
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel T., primary, Tessema, Gizachew A., additional, Regan, Annette K., additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2021
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68. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death
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Alene, Kefyalew Addis, primary, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, additional, Koye, Digsu N., additional, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, additional, Gesesew, Hailay, additional, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, additional, Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Abrha, Solomon, additional, Aregay, Atsede, additional, Ayele, Asnakew Achaw, additional, Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gebremichael, Lemlem, additional, Geleto, Ayele Bali, additional, Kassahun, Habtamu Tilahun, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, additional, Mirkuzie, Alemnesh H., additional, Mohammed, Hassen, additional, Tegegn, Henok Getachew, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, additional, and Kinfu, Yohannes, additional
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- 2021
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69. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review
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Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, primary, Koye, Digsu Negese, additional, Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye, additional, Woldegiorgis, Mulu, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Geleto, Ayele Bali, additional, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, additional, Mohammed, Hassen, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, additional, Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Shifti, Desalegn Markos, additional, Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn, additional, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, additional, Abrha, Solomon, additional, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, additional, Ayalew, Mohammed Biset, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, additional, Gebremedhin, Tesfaye, additional, Gebremichael, Lemlem, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Meazaw, Maereg Wagnew, additional, Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane, additional, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, additional, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, additional, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, additional, Tesfaye, Wubshet, additional, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, and Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional
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- 2021
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70. Interpregnancy interval and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population‐based cohort study
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel T., primary, Regan, Annette K., additional, Ball, Stephen, additional, Betrán, Ana P., additional, Foo, Damien, additional, Gissler, Mika, additional, Håberg, Siri E., additional, Malacova, Eva, additional, Marinovich, Michael Luke, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2020
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71. Effect of interpregnancy interval on gestational diabetes: a retrospective matched cohort study
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Regan, Annette, Ball, Stephen, Betrán, A.P., Foo, D., Gissler, M., Håberg, S.E., Malacova, Eva, Marinovich, M. Luke, Pereira, Gavin, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Regan, Annette, Ball, Stephen, Betrán, A.P., Foo, D., Gissler, M., Håberg, S.E., Malacova, Eva, Marinovich, M. Luke, and Pereira, Gavin
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© 2019 The Authors Purpose: To examine the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and gestational diabetes using both within-mother and between-mother comparisons. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 103,909 women who delivered three or more consecutive singleton births (n = 358,046) between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2015 in Western Australia. The association between IPI and gestational diabetes was estimated using conditional logistic regression, matching pregnancies to the same mother and adjusted for factors that vary within-mother across pregnancies. For comparison with previous studies, we also applied unmatched logistic regression (between-mother analysis). Results: The conventional between-mother analysis resulted in adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06–1.21) for intervals of 24–59 months and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.33–1.70) for intervals of 120 or more months, compared with IPI of 18–23 months. In addition, short IPIs were associated with lower odds of gestational diabetes with (aOR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97) for 6–11 months and (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–0.99) for 12–17-month. In comparison, the adjusted within-mother matched analyses showed no statistically significant association between IPIs and gestational diabetes. All effect estimates were attenuated using the within-mother matched model. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that short IPI (<6 months) increases the risk of gestational diabetes and suggest that observed associations in previous research might be attributable to confounders that vary between mothers.
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- 2019
72. Developing evidence-based recommendations for optimal interpregnancy intervals in high-income countries: Protocol for an international cohort study
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Marinovich, M., Regan, Annette, Gissler, M., Magnus, M., Håberg, S., Padula, A., Mayo, J., Shaw, G., Ball, Stephen, Malacova, Eva, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Nassar, N., Marston, C., De Klerk, N., Betran, A., Pereira, Gavin, Marinovich, M., Regan, Annette, Gissler, M., Magnus, M., Håberg, S., Padula, A., Mayo, J., Shaw, G., Ball, Stephen, Malacova, Eva, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Nassar, N., Marston, C., De Klerk, N., Betran, A., and Pereira, Gavin
- Abstract
Introduction Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. WHO recommends waiting at least 2 years after a live birth and 6 months after miscarriage or induced termination before conception of another pregnancy. The evidence underpinning these recommendations largely relies on data from low/middle-income countries. Furthermore, recent epidemiological investigations have suggested that these studies may overestimate the effects of IPI due to residual confounding. Future investigations of IPI effects in high-income countries drawing from large, population-based data sources are needed to inform IPI recommendations. We aim to assess the impact of IPIs on maternal and child health outcomes in high-income countries. Methods and analysis This international longitudinal retrospective cohort study will include more than 18 million pregnancies, making it the largest study to investigate IPI in high-income countries. Population-based data from Australia, Finland, Norway and USA will be used. Birth records in each country will be used to identify consecutive pregnancies. Exact dates of birth and clinical best estimates of gestational length will be used to estimate IPI. Administrative birth and health data sources with >99% coverage in each country will be used to identify maternal sociodemographics, pregnancy complications, details of labour and delivery, birth and child health information. We will use matched and unmatched regression models to investigate the impact of IPI on maternal and infant outcomes, and conduct meta-analysis to pool results across countries. Ethics and dissemination Ethics boards at participating sites approved this research (approval was not required in Finland). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences, and will inform recommendations for optimal IPI in high-income countries. Findings will provide important information for women and families planning future
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- 2019
73. Interpregnancy interval and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population-based cohort study.
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel T., Regan, Annette K., Ball, Stephen, Betrán, Ana P., Foo, Damien, Gissler, Mika, Håberg, Siri E., Malacova, Eva, Marinovich, Michael Luke, and Pereira, Gavin
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HYPERTENSIVE crisis , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases in pregnancy , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *PREGNANCY complications , *MATERNAL health - Abstract
Background: Despite extensive research on risk factors and mechanisms, the extent to which interpregnancy interval (IPI) affects hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in high-income countries remains unclear.Objectives: To examine the association between IPI and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a high-income country setting using both within-mother and between-mother comparisons.Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted among 103 909 women who delivered three or more consecutive singleton births (n = 358 046) between 1980 and 2015 in Western Australia. We used conditional Poisson regression with robust variance, matching intervals of the same mother and adjusted for factors that vary within-mother across pregnancies, to investigate the association between IPI categories (reference 18-23 months), and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. For comparison with previous studies, we also applied unmatched Poisson regression (between-mother analysis).Results: The incidence of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension during the study period was 4%, and 2%, respectively. For the between-mother comparison, mothers with intervals of 6-11 months had lower risk of preeclampsia with adjusted relative risk (RR) 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85, 0.98) compared to reference category of 18-23 months. With the within-mother matched design, we estimated a larger effect of long IPI on risk of preeclampsia (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18, 1.42 for 60-119 months; and RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10, 1.53 for intervals ≥120 months) compared to 18-23 months. Short IPIs were not associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Conclusions: In our cohort, longer IPIs were associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. However, there was insufficient evidence to suggest that short IPIs (<6 months) increase the risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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74. Interpregnancy Interval and Risk of Perinatal Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Regan, Annette, primary, Arnaout, Aya, additional, Marinovich, Luke, additional, Marston, Cicely, additional, Patino, Isabella, additional, Kaur, Ravneet, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2019
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75. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A., Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adib, Mina G., Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C., Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K., Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A., Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B., Azzopardi, Peter S., Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Blacker, Brigette F., Bleyer, Archie, Borschmann, Rohan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Burnett, Richard T., Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Hsing Yi, Chang, Jung Chen, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chee, Miao Li, Cheng, Ching Yu, Chew, Adrienne, Chiang, Peggy Pei Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee Young J., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Owen R., Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Cundiff, David K., Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan Walter, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L., Diro, Helen Derara, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre R., Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E.sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fay, Kairsten A., Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foreman, Kyle J., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M., Futran, Neal D., Gall, Seana, Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godwin, William W., Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C., Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E., Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S., Haagsma, Juanita A., Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B., Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N., Hay, Simon I., Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T., Higazi, Tarig B., Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hole, Michael K., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, John J., Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Huynh, Chantal K., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jonas, Jost B., Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kant, Surya, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H., Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Cho Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C.D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martins, Sheila C.O., Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A., Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T.N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R., Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Obermeyer, Carla M., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D.H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R., Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. 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Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N., Hay, Simon I., Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T., Higazi, Tarig B., Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hole, Michael K., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. 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Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C.D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martins, Sheila C.O., Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A., Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T.N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R., Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Obermeyer, Carla M., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D.H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R., Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. 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- Abstract
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes
- Published
- 2018
76. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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- Abstract
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we ca
- Published
- 2018
77. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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- Abstract
Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with th
- Published
- 2018
78. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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- Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes d
- Published
- 2018
79. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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- Abstract
Background: Assessments of age-specifc mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Afairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specifc mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in diferent compon
- Published
- 2018
80. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Sub Cond-Matter Theory, Stat & Comp Phys, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, One Health Chemisch, dIRAS RA-2, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A., Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adib, Mina G., Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C., Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K., Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A., Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B., Azzopardi, Peter S., Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Blacker, Brigette F., Bleyer, Archie, Borschmann, Rohan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Burnett, Richard T., Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Hsing Yi, Chang, Jung Chen, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chee, Miao Li, Cheng, Ching Yu, Chew, Adrienne, Chiang, Peggy Pei Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee Young J., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Owen R., Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Cundiff, David K., Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan Walter, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P., Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L., Diro, Helen Derara, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre R., Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E.sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fay, Kairsten A., Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A., Foreman, Kyle J., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M., Futran, Neal D., Gall, Seana, Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godwin, William W., Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C., Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E., Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S., Haagsma, Juanita A., Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B., Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N., Hay, Simon I., Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T., Higazi, Tarig B., Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hole, Michael K., Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, John J., Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Huynh, Chantal K., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jonas, Jost B., Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kant, Surya, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H., Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young Ho, Khater, Mona M., Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Cho Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C.D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martins, Sheila C.O., Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A., Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T.N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R., Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Obermeyer, Carla M., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D.H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R., Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. Srinath, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Román, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A., Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanders, Taren, Sang, Yingying, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R., Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J.C., Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serre, Marc L., Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaddick, Gavin, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Shupler, Matthew S., Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spinelli, Angela, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Starodubov, Vladimir I., Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stevanovic, Goran, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Sturua, Lela, Subart, Michelle L., Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Hannah J., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Nihal, Thurston, George D., Tilahun, Binyam, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G., Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E., Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E. Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L., Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S., Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G., Walson, Judd L., Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, J. 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Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P., Lad, Sheetal D., Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C.D., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martins, Sheila C.O., Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B., Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A., Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T.N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A., Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I., Miller, Ted R., Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G. K., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R., Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O., Nyasulu, Peter S., Obermeyer, Carla M., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D.H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T., Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R., Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Postma, Maarten J., Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Purwar, Manorama B., Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K. Srinath, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Román, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A., Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanders, Taren, Sang, Yingying, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R., Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J.C., Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serre, Marc L., Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaddick, Gavin, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Shupler, Matthew S., Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spinelli, Angela, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Starodubov, Vladimir I., Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stevanovic, Goran, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Sturua, Lela, Subart, Michelle L., Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Hannah J., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Nihal, Thurston, George D., Tilahun, Binyam, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G., Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E., Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E. Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L., Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R., Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S., Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G., Walson, Judd L., Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, J. Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Shouling, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zimsen, Stephanie R.M., Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J.L.
- Published
- 2018
81. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
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K., Mirabi, Parvaneh, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammed, Mohammed A., Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Velasquez, Ilais Moreno, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Mumford, John Everett, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Nair, Sanjeev, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles R. J., Ngalesoni, Frida N., Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R., Nolutshungu, Nomonde, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nyasulu, Peter S., Odell, Christopher M., Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L., Ong, Sok King Sk, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Justin R., Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Overland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Ozdemir, Raziye, Mahesh, P. A., Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D. H., Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patton, George C., Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paulson, Katherine R., Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Piel, Frederic B., Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pujar, Ashwini, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A., Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley, Quistberg, D. Alex, Rade, Kirankumar Waman, Anwar Rafay, Amir Radfar, Rahim, Alireza Rafiei Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rao, Puja C., Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Razo-Garcia, Christian, Reddy, K. Srinath, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Robinson, Stephen R., Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Hosein, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S., Salamati, Payman, De Freitas Saldanha, Raphael, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R., Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G., Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G., Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silberberg, Donald H., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Silva, Joao Pedro, Da Silva, Natacha Torres, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir S., Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Soyiri, Ireneous N., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Starodubov, Vladimir I., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G., Stokes, Mark A., Subart, Michelle L., Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'Awiyyah Babale, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L., Sylaja, P. N., Sylte, Dillon O., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E., Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Troeger, Christopher E., Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Murat Tuzcu, E., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Updike, Rachel L., Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A., Uzun, Selen Begum, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R., Varavikova, Elena, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Gregory R., Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walson, Judd L., Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, T. Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Widecka, Justyna, Wilner, Lauren B., Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wu, Shouling, Wu, Yun-Chun, Wyper, Grant M. A., Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yentur, Gokalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J. 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- Abstract
Background: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods: The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries—Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings: At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comprised the greatest
- Published
- 2018
82. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
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Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harewood, Heather C, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J C, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jóúwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Anders, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A, Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manhertz, Trey, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Tejas, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, 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Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivera, Juan A, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, 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Sayed, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael
- Abstract
Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0–100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derive
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- 2018
83. Effects of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy complications: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Regan, A., Malacova, E., Marinovich, M., Ball, S., Foo, D., Pereira, Gavin, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Regan, A., Malacova, E., Marinovich, M., Ball, S., Foo, D., and Pereira, Gavin
- Abstract
Introduction: Interpregnancy interval (IPI) is the length of time between a birth and conception of the next pregnancy. Evidence suggests that both short and long IPIs are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Relatively less attention has been directed towards investigating the effect of IPI on pregnancy complications, and the studies that have been conducted have shown mixed results. This systematic review will aim to provide an update to the most recent available evidence on the effect of IPI on pregnancy complications. Method and Analysis: We will search electronic databases such as Ovid/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles on the effects of IPI on pregnancy complications. We will include articles published from start of indexing until 12 February 2018 without any restriction to geographic setting. We will limit the search to literature published in English language and human subjects. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and select full-text articles that meet the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa tool will be used to assess quality of observational studies. Where data permit, meta-analyses will be performed for individual pregnancy complications. A subgroup analyses by country categories (high-income vs low and middle-income countries) based on World Bank income group will be performed. Where meta-analysis is not possible, we will provide a description of data without further attempt to quantitatively pool results. Ethics and Dissemination: Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42018088578.
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- 2018
84. Linking midwives and hospital morbidity data to investigate the effect of interpregnancy interval on gestational diabetes: a 35-year cohort study in Western Australia
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel, primary, Regan, Annette, additional, Pereira, Gavin, additional, and Malacova, Eva, additional
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- 2018
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85. Effects of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy complications: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, primary, Regan, Annette K, additional, Malacova, Eva, additional, Marinovich, M Luke, additional, Ball, Stephen, additional, Foo, Damien, additional, and Pereira, Gavin, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Barber, Ryan M., Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J. 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Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu, Azzopardi, Peter, Saleem, Huda Omer Ba, Baernighausen, Till, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Baye, Kaleab, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bose, Dipan, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A., Cardenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cecilio, Pedro, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Chew, Adrienne, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan S., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fuerst, Thomas, Faghmous, Imad D. 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Dean, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huntley, Bethany M., Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Innos, Kaire, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, James, Spencer Lewis, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P., Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine, Johnson, Sarah C., Jonas, Jost B., Juel, Knud, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lorch, Scott A., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T., El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Guy B., Marquez, Neal, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Massano, Joao, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McNellan, Claire, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A., Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Mills, Edward J., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mock, Charles N., Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohanty, Sanjay K., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen Liddell D., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moses, Mark, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Sudan Prasad, Newton, Charles R., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Osman, Majdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Pain, Amanda W., Pakhale, Smita, Castillo, Elizabeth Palomares, Pana, Adrian, Papachristou, Christina, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paul, Vinod K., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Prakash, V., Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D. Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C., Rawaf, Salman, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nawal K., Sachdev, Perminder S., Sackey, Ben Benasco, Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M. 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S., Thomson, Alan J., Tillmann, Taavi, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tura, Abera Kenay, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Boven, Job F. M., Van Dingenen, Rita, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wakayo, Tolassa, Waller, Stephen G., Walson, Judd L., Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watkins, David A., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Wen, Chi-Pang, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
- Abstract
Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total ferti
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87. High-throughput physiological phenotyping and screening system for the characterization of plant–environment interactions
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Halperin, O., Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Wallach, R., Moshelion, M., Halperin, O., Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Wallach, R., and Moshelion, M.
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© 2016 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd We present a simple and effective high-throughput experimental platform for simultaneous and continuous monitoring of water relations in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum of numerous plants under dynamic environmental conditions. This system provides a simultaneously measured, detailed physiological response profile for each plant in the array, over time periods ranging from a few minutes to the entire growing season, under normal, stress and recovery conditions and at any phenological stage. Three probes for each pot in the array and a specially designed algorithm enable detailed water-relations characterization of whole-plant transpiration, biomass gain, stomatal conductance and root flux. They also enable quantitative calculation of the whole plant water-use efficiency and relative water content at high resolution under dynamic soil and atmospheric conditions. The system has no moving parts and can fit into many growing environments. A screening of 65 introgression lines of a wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii) crossed with cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum), using our system and conventional gas-exchange tools, confirmed the accuracy of the system as well as its diagnostic capabilities. The use of this high-throughput diagnostic screening method is discussed in light of the gaps in our understanding of the genetic regulation of whole-plant performance, particularly under abiotic stress.
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88. Factors Associated with Treatment Delay among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Public and Private Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Adenager, G., Alemseged, F., Asefa, H., Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Adenager, G., Alemseged, F., Asefa, H., and Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
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Background. Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and the timely commencement of antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment are the parts of efficient tuberculosis prevention and control program. Delay in the commencement of anti-TB treatment worsens the prognosis and increases the risk of death and the chance of transmission in the community and among health care workers. Objective. To assess tuberculosis treatment delay and associated factors among pulmonary TB patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 public and 10 private health facilities that provide TB treatment. The data were collected from 425 newly registered pulmonary TB patients using pretested structured questionnaire from April to June 2012. Data were entered in EPI info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Findings. The median durations of a patient, health care system, and total treatment delays were 17, 9, and 35 days, respectively. Overall 179 (42.1%), 233 (54.8%), and 262 (61.6%) of patients experienced patient delay, health care system delay, and total treatment delay, respectively. Distance more than 2.5?km from TB treatment health facility [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.1-2.5)] and the presence of TB-associated stigma [AOR = 2.1, 95% CI (1.3, 3.4)] indicate higher odds of patient delay, whereas, being unemployed, patients with the hemoptysis symptom complain indicated lower odds of health care system delay [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.24, 0.70)] and [AOR = 0.61 (0.39, 0.94)], respectively. Conclusions. A significant proportion of clients experienced patient and health care system delay. Thus, there is a need for designing and implementing appropriate strategies to decrease the delays. Efforts to reduce delays should give focus on integrating prevention programs such as active case detection and expanding access to TB care.
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89. Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV/AIDS care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and metaanalysis
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Gesesew, H., Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Demissie, T., Kerie, M., Sudhakar, M., Mwanri, L., Gesesew, H., Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Demissie, T., Kerie, M., Sudhakar, M., and Mwanri, L.
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Background Late presentation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is a major impediment for the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes. The role that stigma plays as a potential barrier to timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV among people living with HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is ambivalent. This review aimed to assess the best available evidence regarding the association between perceived HIV related stigma and time to present for HIV/AIDS care. Methods Quantitative studies conducted in English language between 2002 and 2016 that evaluated the association between HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV care were sought across four major databases. This review considered studies that included the following outcome:late HIV testing',late HIV diagnosis' andlate presentation for HIV care after testing'. Data were extracted using a standardized Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data extraction tool. Meta-Analysis was undertaken using Revman-5 software. I2 and chi-square test were used to assess heterogeneity. Summary statistics were expressed as pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and corresponding p-value. Results Ten studies from low-And middle- income countries met the search criteria, including six (6) and four (4) case control studies and cross-sectional studies respectively. The total sample size in the included studies was 3,788 participants. Half (5) of the studies reported a significant association between stigma and late presentation for HIV care. The meta-Analytical association showed that people who perceived high HIV related stigma had two times more probability of late presentation for HIV care than who perceived low stigma (pooled odds ratio = 2.4; 95%CI: 1.6±3.6, I2 = 79%). Conclusions High perceptions of HIV related stigma influenced timely presentation for HIV care. In order to avoid late HIV care presentation due the fear of stigma among patients, health professionals should play a key role in info
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90. Significant association between perceived HIV related stigma and late presentation for HIV/AIDS care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, primary, Tesfay Gebremedhin, Amanuel, additional, Demissie, Tariku Dejene, additional, Kerie, Mirkuzie Woldie, additional, Sudhakar, Morankar, additional, and Mwanri, Lillian, additional
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91. Factors Associated with Treatment Delay among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Public and Private Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Adenager, Getinet Shewaseged, primary, Alemseged, Fessahaye, additional, Asefa, Henok, additional, and Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional
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92. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Barber, Ryan M, Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J D, Bollyky, Thomas, McKee, Martin, Nolte, Ellen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha, Adane, Kelemework, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar, Agarwal, Sunilkumar, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alexander, Lily, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amo-Adjei, Joshu, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anderson, Benjamin O, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Astatkie, Ayalew, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu, Azzopardi, Peter, Saleem, Huda Omer Ba, Bärnighausen, Till, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Baye, Kaleab, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bose, Dipan, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cecilio, Pedro, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Alan Z, Chew, Adrienne, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan S, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A, Dalal, Koustuv, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Del Gobbo, Liana C, del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fürst, Thomas, Faghmous, Imad D A, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, João C, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Franklin, Richard C, Frostad, Joseph, G/hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gao, Wayne, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gibney, Katherine B, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Gold, Audra, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Greaves, Felix, Griswold, Max, Guban, Peter Imre, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hakuzimana, Alex, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J, Huntley, Bethany M, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Innos, Kaire, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, James, Spencer Lewis, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine, Johnson, Sarah C, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, 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- Abstract
National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries : a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Lim, Stephen S., Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Hay, Simon I., Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mooney, Meghan D., Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E., Pigott, David M., Salomon, Joshua A., Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Dge, Robert William Aldr., Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad A. B., Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A., Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C., Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E. 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Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, KarimIchani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murdoch, Michele E., Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R., Newton, John N., Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. 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- Abstract
Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the ind
- Published
- 2016
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94. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., and Remuzzi, Giuseppe
- Abstract
Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and
- Published
- 2016
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95. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. 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M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhu, Jun, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. Ross, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Estep, Kara, Ferrari, Alize J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Godwin, William W., Griswold, Max, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Patrick Y., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Neal, Bruce, Reitsma, Marissa B., Roth, Gregory A., Salomon, Joshua A., Sur, Patrick J., Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C., Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. 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- Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accou
- Published
- 2016
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96. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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A., Foigt, Nataliya, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Ribhi, Randah, Hamadeh, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Daniel J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kajungu, Dan K., Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Katibeh, Marzieh, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Marcenes, Wagner, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolla, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Dheeraj, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Ricci, Stefano, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Roy, Ambuj, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. 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A., Won, Sungho, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yan, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Vos, Theo, Lopez, Alan D., and Murray, Christopher J. L.
- Abstract
Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates
- Published
- 2016
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97. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries
- Author
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University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Lim, Stephen S., Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Hay, Simon I., Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mooney, Meghan D., Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E., Pigott, David M., Salomon, Joshua A., Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Dge, Robert William Aldr., Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad A. B., Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A., Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C., Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E. Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, KarimIchani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murdoch, Michele E., Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R., Newton, John N., Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C., Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Mina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M., Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcelo, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher J. L., GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Lim, Stephen S., Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Hay, Simon I., Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mooney, Meghan D., Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E., Pigott, David M., Salomon, Joshua A., Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Dge, Robert William Aldr., Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad A. B., Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Anderson, Gregory M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A., Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C., Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E. Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A., Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, KarimIchani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mandavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C., Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan de la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O., Murdoch, Michele E., Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R., Newton, John N., Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H., Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, Joao Mario, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C., Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Mina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M., Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Soreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcelo, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Murray, Christopher J. L., and GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators
- Abstract
Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59.3 (95% uncertainty interval 56.8-61.8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85.5 (84.2-86.5) in Iceland to 20.4 (15.4-24.9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r(2) = 0.88) and the MDG index (r(2) = 0.2), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r(2) = 0.79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7.9 (IQR 5.0-10.4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10.0 [6.7-13.1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5.5 [2.1-8.9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the ind
- Published
- 2016
98. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015
- Author
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University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, and GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality
- Abstract
Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and
- Published
- 2016
99. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015
- Author
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University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. Ross, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Estep, Kara, Ferrari, Alize J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Godwin, William W., Griswold, Max, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Patrick Y., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Neal, Bruce, Reitsma, Marissa B., Roth, Gregory A., Salomon, Joshua A., Sur, Patrick J., Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Amanuel, Abajobir, Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C., Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Bach Xuan Tran, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhu, Jun, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., GBD 2015 Risk Factors, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical Genetics, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Afshin, Ashkan, Alexander, Lily T., Anderson, H. Ross, Bhutta, Zulficiar A., Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Cohen, Aaron J., Dandona, Lalit, Estep, Kara, Ferrari, Alize J., Frostad, Joseph J., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Godwin, William W., Griswold, Max, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Patrick Y., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Naghavi, Mohsen, Neal, Bruce, Reitsma, Marissa B., Roth, Gregory A., Salomon, Joshua A., Sur, Patrick J., Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Amanuel, Abajobir, Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C., Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvarez Martin, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwar, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Baernighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Bans, Carolina, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Broday, David M., Brugha, Traolach S., Brunekreef, Bert, Butt, Zahid A., Cahill, Leah E., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Estanislao Castro, Ruben, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C., Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C., Davletov, Kairat, Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Tome, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose, Farid, Talha A., Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F. Gerry R., Franklin, Richard C., Fuerst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Goenka, Shifalika, Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Hassen, Tahir Ahmed, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Hutchings, Sally J., Huybrechts, Inge, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Jacobs, Troy A., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jansen, Henrica A. F. M., Jassal, Simerjot K., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Kromhout, Hans, Krueger, Hans, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Latif, Asma Abdul, Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena, Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Xiaohong, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Maclntyre, Michael, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Martin, Randall V., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehari, Alem, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B. M., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Nassiri, Nariman, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Orozco, Ricardo, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patil, Snehal T., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja, Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia, Refaat, Amany H., Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jurgen, Reinig, Nikolas, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rivera, Juan A., Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rodriguez, Anna, Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sandar, Logan, Santomauro, Damian F., Santos, Itamar S., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N., Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Silverberg, Jonathan I., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Stockl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Belaynew Wasie, Taylor, Hugh R., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thomas, Bernadette A., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Bach Xuan Tran, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Donkelaar, Aaron, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, J. Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, JianLi, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D., Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhu, Jun, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., and GBD 2015 Risk Factors
- Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accou
- Published
- 2016
100. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
- Published
- 2016
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