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52. Implementation of pediatric population-based cancer registries (PBCR) in Central America (CA).

Author

Alabi, Soad Fuentes, primary, Vasquez, Roberto, additional, Antillon, Federico, additional, Polanco, Ana C., additional, Orellana, Elisabeth, additional, Perez-Atayde, Antonio, additional, Albanti, Irini, additional, Friedrich, Paola, additional, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, additional, Ribeiro, Karina, additional, Frazier, A. Lindsay, additional, and Garrido, Claudia, additional

Published
2015
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53. Modelos de trabajo aplicados al canto coral y la práctica instrumental escolar utilizados por los profesores de educación musical egresados de la Universidad Andrés Bello

Author

Atenas Araya, Cristian., Godoy Cañete, Franklin, Martínez Garrido, Claudia, González Piña, Jaime, and Facultad de Humanidades y Educación

Subjects
Canto Coral, Música Escolar, Estudio e Instrucción
Abstract

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Musical para la Educación Preescolar y Básica, Licenciado en Educación) El trabajo realizado, es el primero que se realiza en la carrera de educación musical UNAB, permitió "recoger información acerca de las competencias del egresado respecto a su formación y desempeño profesional, con la finalidad de plantear mejorar al proyecto educativo institucional," 2 en donde el grupo de investigación se propuso estudiar a) la formación musical y profesional, b) el campo laboral del profesor, c) la pertinencia del profesor de música para el nivel preescolar y básica y d) las actividades musicales desarrolladas. Esta última, es punto de partida de esta nueva propuesta de investigación. La investigación a la que hacemos mención, demostró que en el caso específico de las actividades de mayor recurrencia en el desempeño docente estaban las actividades vinculadas a la Dirección de Coros de Conjuntos y enseñanza de los instrumentos musicales, lo que particularmente nos motivó a conoce mas de cerca los detalles de este desempeño docente en los egresados de la carrera de educación musical UNAB.

Published
2009

54. LÍNEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN APÍCOLA Y ESTRATEGIAS DE FORMACIÓN DE APICULTORES EN ALEMANIA

Author

Garrido, Claudia

Abstract

La mayoría de los apicultores alemanes se dedican a las abejas como un pasatiempo (hobby). La formación de apicultores está en manos de los institutos estatales. En éstos se ofrecen cursos básicos (como comenzar con la apicultura, trabajos en el curso del año, calidad de productos, etc.) y avanzados (crianza, producción de reinas, enfermedades, etc.). &nbsp

Published
2007

55. MIEL Y CERA SIN RESIDUOS, PROPUESTAS DE ESTRATEGIAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES

Author

Garrido, Claudia

Abstract

En la Unión Europea las leyes son muy restrictivas respecto a residuos en alimentos. Para cada sustancia usada en la agricultura hay límites para la cantidad de residuos aceptables. La apicultura para los consumidores tiene fama de ser especialmente natural y los productos de ser muy puros y sanos. Por eso los apicultores tienen gran interés en evitar residuos en miel y cera. &nbsp

Published
2007

56. Advancing Reliable Data for Cancer Control in the Central America Four Region.

Author

Piñeros, Marion, Frech, Silvina, Frazier, Lindsay, Laversanne, Mathieu, Barnoya, Joaquin, Garrido, Claudia, Gharzouzi, Eduardo, Chacón, Andrea, Fuentes Alabi, Soad, Ruiz de Campos, Lisseth, Figueroa, Jacqueline, Dominguez, Ricardo, Rojas, Ofelia, Pereira, Rosario, Rivera, Carla, and Morgan, Douglas R.

Subjects
NON-communicable diseases, CHILDHOOD cancer, MIDDLE-income countries
Abstract

The Central America Four (CA-4) region, comprising Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, is the largest low- and middle-income country region in the Western Hemisphere, with over 36 million inhabitants. The CA-4 nations share a common geography, history, language, and development indices, and unified with open borders in 2006. The growing CA-4 cancer burden among the noncommunicable diseases is expected to increase 73% by 2030, which argues for a regional approach to cancer control. This has driven efforts to establish population-based cancer registries as a central component of the cancer control plans. The involvement of international and academic partners in an array of initiatives to improve cancer information and control in the CA-4 has accelerated over the past several years. Existing data underscore that the infectious cancers (cervical, stomach, and liver) are a particular burden. All four countries have committed to establishing regional population-based cancer registries and have advanced significantly in pediatric cancer registration. The challenges common to each nation include the lack of national cancer control plans and departments, competing health priorities, lack of trained personnel, and sustainability strategies. General recommendations to address these challenges are outlined. The ongoing regional, international, and academic cooperation has proven helpful and is expected to continue to be a powerful instrument to contribute to the design and implementation of long-term national cancer control plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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58. Obesidad en los escolares de nivel básico 1

Author

Fernández Garrido, Claudia, Fredes Arancibia, Gisella, Gutiérrez Muñoz, Claudio, Sarria Uribe, Pamela, Bahamondes Colvin, Nelson Eduardo, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, and Escuela de Educación Física

Subjects
Niños Enseñanza Básica, Obesidad, Chile
Abstract

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación) La alimentación ha sido una de las necesidades y preocupaciones fundamentales del hombre y uno de los factores determinantes de la formación y progreso de las sociedades. Los hombres primitivos dependían para su alimentación de la caza, pesca y de la recolección de productos vegetales silvestres; vivían en forma nómada en pequeños grupos para poder efectuar mas eficazmente esas actividades. Las primeras organizaciones sociales sedentarias fueron posibles, cuando el hombre aprendió a domesticar a los animales y a cultivar plantas para la obtención de sus alimentos; de ahí se ha progresado hasta la constitución de las naciones y grandes ciudades de millones de habitantes. En las dos últimas décadas, en nuestro país, han sucedido cambios en lo que a alimentación respecta. Estudios del Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA) , han demostrado que hace 10 años la población chilena, presentaba una ingesta excesiva de carbohidratos, de especial preferencia por el pan y las masas, sin embargo, lo más preocupante, es que en estos días ese gusto ha cambiado, dando paso a la ingesta de comida chatarra, que por cierto, posee un valor nutricional no adecuado ya que está compuesta en su mayoría por grasas saturadas. Con esto no queremos decir que las grasas son perjudiciales para la salud ya que todo organismo necesita de ellas para funcionar. Se estima que el porcentaje graso mínimo para los hombres es de un 5%, y para las mujeres de un 3%. Esto va ha permitir que todos los grandes sistemas, ya sea el respiratorio, circulatorio, endocrino, etc. puedan funcionar adecuadamente. La mala ingesta de alimentos poco nutritivos, pero ricos en grasas, ha traído como consecuencia una disminución de la desnutrición de un 15.5%, presentada en 1975 a un 5% en 1993, en preescolares y escolares de nuestro país. \u Esta idea nos hace pensar que la alimentación en Chile ha mejorado. Sin embargo, los mismos estudios del INTA, reflejan que existe un aumento en lo que ha obesidad respecta, pasando de un 11 % a un 25% en los varones y de un 15.5% a un 27% en las mujeres (INTA 1982-1998). La Educación actual, a través de la Reforma Educacional ha creado un nuevo plan educativo, el cual ha hecho que la educación tome un rumbo distinto, teniendo como base, la forma como el niño se enfrenta y se involucra en su aprendizaje, así como en su desarrollo integral. Desde este punto de vista hemos considerado importante y preocupante el aumento que presenta la obesidad, siendo una de las causales los diversos cambios alimentarios y culturales, sumados a una vida sedentaria, que privilegian por ejemplo: la comida chatarra o comida rápida, por sobre la nutritiva. Uno de los objetivos de nuestro trabajo, es saber cómo el Sistema Educativo lo enfrenta, puesto que, un estudio realizado por la Doctora Raquel Barrow Endocrinóloga del INTA, demuestra que la educación pasiva contribuye en forma relevante a disminuir el gasto energético, constituyendo así un factor de riesgo importante de obesidad. De ahí nuestra inquietud por saber el nivel de información e interés de los directores y profesores de los establecimientos corporizados de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, a la vez, que, averiguar si dentro de su Unidad Educativa, presentan estrategias para combatir esta patología.

Published
2001

59. Respuestas fisiológicas de Neotrypaea uncinata (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) a la hipoxia y al parasitismo por Ionella agassizi (Isopoda: Epicaridea)

Author

Astete-Espinoza, Lorena P., Garrido, Claudia F., Cáceres, Cristian W., Astete-Espinoza, Lorena P., Garrido, Claudia F., and Cáceres, Cristian W.

Abstract

Thalassinidean shrimps are common macrofaunal components of the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones of beaches and estuaries. These organisms present burrowing behavior and are exposed to low oxygen concentrations in their natural environment. In addition, the parasitic isopod Ionella agassizi is frequently found in the branchial chamber of the ghost shrimp Neotrypaea uncinata. Previous studies have shown that the presence of this parasite affects the physiological condition of N. uncinata, provoking a negative effect on reproduction. In this study we evaluated the effects of exposure to hypoxia and parasitism on host metabolic capacity. For this, we evaluated the effect of the parasite on area of gas exchange in the host and the ability to resist hypoxic conditions by evaluating haemolymphatic concentrations of proteins, haemocyanin, lactate, glucose and the activity of enzyme lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH). Our results indicate that the presence of the parasite reduces the gill area in N. uncinata. During exposition of the ghost shrimp to hypoxic conditions, this increases its hemolymphatic concentrations of glucose, lactate, and the activivity of LDH. These results are interpreted as the utilization of metabolic alternatives to aerobic metabolism during periods of oxygen deficiency., Los crustáceos Thalassinidae son componentes comunes de la macrofauna de los fondos blandos de playas y estuarios. Estos organismos son excavadores, encontrándose recurrentemente expuestos a bajas concentraciones de oxígeno en su ambiente natural. En adición, Neotrypaea uncinata se encuentra naturalmente parasitado en su cámara branquial por el isópodo bopírido Ionella agassizi. En estudios previos se ha señalado que la presencia del parásito afecta la condición fisiológica de N. uncinata, provocándole un efecto negativo en la reproducción. En el presente trabajo se estudian los efectos de la hipoxia y del parasitismo sobre la fisiología respiratoria de esta especie. Para esto, se midió el efecto del parásito sobre el área de intercambio gaseoso de N. uncinata y la capacidad de resistencia a condiciones hipóxicas a través de las mediciones de las concentraciones de metabólitos hemolinfáticos: proteínas, hemocianina, lactato, glucosa y la actividad de la enzima lactato-deshidrogenasa (LDH). Los resultados indican que por una parte la presencia del parásito disminuye significativamente el área de intercambio gaseoso en N. uncinata. Por otro lado, la exposición a hipoxia genera un aumento significativo de las concentraciones hemolinfáticas de hemocianina, glucosa, lactato, además de un aumento en la actividad de la enzima LDH. Estos resultados se interpretan como la utilización por parte de este crustáceo, de vías metabólicas alternativas a la aeróbica en periodos de déficit de oxígeno.

Published
2010

60. Políticas públicas

Author

Contreras Bizama, Jaime, primary, Maher Lavandero, Sheida, additional, Nuñez Leiva, Diego, additional, Coronado Cofré, Mauricio, additional, Gayoso Neira, Roxana, additional, Contreras Bizama, Javiera, additional, Escobar Lobos, Alejandro, additional, Ferrer Lues, Marcela, additional, Puente Lizana, María Ignacia, additional, Prieto Ugarte, Florencia, additional, Mercado Arce, Andrés, additional, Weidmaier Teare, Gonzalo, additional, Rodríguez Navarro, Alberto, additional, Novakovic Cerda, Iván, additional, Silva Lazo, Carlos, additional, Figueroa Sánchez, Roberto, additional, Araneda Roa, Enzo, additional, Figueroa Jaddour, Rodrigo, additional, Ávila Silva, Macarena, additional, Acosta Barrientos, Sebastián, additional, Léniz Martelli, Javiera, additional, Ferreccio Readi, Catterina, additional, Ibáñez Bruron, Carolina, additional, Barriga Cosmelli, María Isabel, additional, Puschel Illanes, Klaus, additional, Poggi Mayorca, Helena, additional, Concha Pinto, Miriam, additional, Urrutia Soto, María Teresa, additional, Poupin Bertonni, Lauren, additional, Viñales Amigo, Daisy, additional, Galleguillos Galindo, Constanza, additional, Fuenzalida Soler, Paula, additional, Yentzen Melo, Gladys, additional, Gramusset Hepp, Lissette, additional, Guzmán Sarmiento, María Consuelo, additional, Game Hubach, Anne Marie, additional, Núñez Peña, Claudia, additional, Gutiérrez Celery, Daniela, additional, Alfaro Muñoz, Gonzalo, additional, Fejreldin Ch., Valentina, additional, De la Fuente Pablo, Pablo, additional, Vergara Mejías, Ramón, additional, Galaz Aguilar, Camila, additional, Solar Tobar, Felipe, additional, Castro Salas, Daniela, additional, Echeverría Pinto, Barbara, additional, Hidalgo F., Andrea, additional, Vallejos G., Alicia, additional, Nogales G., Jorge, additional, Sanhueza C., Gabriel, additional, Cortínez, Armando, additional, Domínguez Cancino, Karen, additional, Erazo Bahamondes, Marcia, additional, Iglesias Ramos, Verónica, additional, Droppelmann Igor, Andrea, additional, Rivas Acien, Ana, additional, Bass del Campo, Germán, additional, Ruiz Contreras, Marisol, additional, Lang Tapia, Morin, additional, Báez Vergara, Carla, additional, Ledesma Vergara, Ximena, additional, Matheu Toro, Paula, additional, Díaz Zúñiga, Jaime, additional, Caro Cassali, Juan Carlos, additional, Legue Donoso, Rodrigo, additional, Angulo Troncoso, Andrés, additional, Aguirre Vicente, Sebastián, additional, Andino Navarrete, Romina, additional, González Martinic, Julia, additional, Villegas Canquil, Jorge, additional, Albornoz Garrido, Claudia, additional, Bravo Yubini, Iside, additional, Peña Martínez, Verónica, additional, Irusta Méndez, Gonzalo, additional, Roa Meggo, Ysis, additional, Mendoza van der Molen, Carolina, additional, Arteaga Herrea, Oscar, additional, Jiménez de la Jara, Jorge, additional, Dávila L., Fanny, additional, Gómez G., Wuilman, additional, Romer M., Orlando, additional, Vanegas López, Jairo, additional, Alvarado Orellana, Sergio, additional, Molina Muñoz, Yerko Pablo, additional, Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz, additional, Vázquez Polania, Mauricio, additional, Poblete Calderón, Mirthea, additional, Sáez González, Yersson, additional, Osses Escobar, Carlos, additional, Espinoza Flores, Claudia, additional, Jara Suazo, Daniel, additional, Araya Gutiérrez, Alejandra, additional, Silva Solovera, Sergio, additional, Carrasco, Inés Del Pilar, additional, Müller Santana, Gilda, additional, Vivallo Bos, Carolina, additional, Burgos Bizama, Alejandra, additional, Sgmobich Mancilla, Ximena, additional, Frenz Yonechi, Patricia, additional, Aguirre Ocaranza, Cristina, additional, Guerrero Ahumada, Andrea, additional, Wiedmaier González, Claudia, additional, Wiliams de Toro, Catalina, additional, and Poblete Arrué, Fernando, additional

Published
2012
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61. Métodos y mediciones

Author

González Soto, Fernando Javier, primary, Giulano Burrows, Claudia Ana, additional, Tudela Román, Alejandro, additional, Romero González, Claudia Patricia, additional, Revello Castillo, Víctor Manuel, additional, Aguilera Muñoz, Carolina, additional, Tapia Arriagada, Enrique, additional, Fuentes Valenzuela, Randy, additional, Hoffmeister Arce, Lorena, additional, Cabello Ibacache, Rodrigo, additional, Silva, María Isabel, additional, Lanza S., Sandra, additional, Sepúlveda V., Carolina, additional, Espejo C., César, additional, Olate B., Macarena, additional, Costa dos Santos, María De Fátima, additional, Do Nascimento Rodrigues, Roberto, additional, Da Costa Leite, Iúri, additional, Pereyra G., Isabel, additional, Andrade Mendes, Joyce, additional, Gonçalves Valente, Joaquim, additional, Corrêa Mota, Jurema, additional, Muza Caroca, Ricardo José, additional, Siva Guzmán, Juan, additional, Rodríguez Tobar, Jorge Alberto, additional, Universidad de Chile, Matías Pruzzo Gaete, additional, Valdés Correa, Macarena, additional, Ramírez Pitaluga, Enrica, additional, Ramírez Fernández, Rafael, additional, Dalbosco Rendic, Daniela, additional, Lavados Germain, Pablo, additional, Araujo Alonso, Miguel, additional, Vidal Gamboa, Carolina, additional, Valladares Salazar, Mónica Patricia, additional, Burgos de la Vega, Soledad, additional, Escobar Meza, María Teresa, additional, Salinas Rebolledo, Elizabeth, additional, Abarca Baeza, Isabel Margarita, additional, Rojas Astorga, Julio, additional, Rodríguez Donoso, Daniel, additional, Mariño Beltrán, Alejandro, additional, Jiménez Yáñez, Lily, additional, Rojas Astorga, Alberto, additional, Vargas Méndez, Ingrid, additional, Gramusset Hepp, Lissette, additional, Greppi Quezada, Claudia, additional, González Billault, Mauricio, additional, Villalón Calderón, Marcelo, additional, Mariño Traub, Rodrigo José, additional, Fajardo Olmos, Jorge, additional, Ramírez Rojas, María, additional, Espinosa Castro, Miguel Ángel, additional, González Sánchez, Maglie, additional, Solimano Cantuarias, Giorgio, additional, Alarcón Hein, Alex, additional, Sepúlveda Kattan, Natalia, additional, Jiménez Rivas, Sergio Alfonso, additional, Morgado Alcayaga, Patricia, additional, Raimann, Rolf, additional, Rosso Chamorro, Fabiola, additional, Rego Montero Torres, Gina, additional, Barbosa Pereira Couto, Karen, additional, Barberán Manríquez, Marcela, additional, Albornoz Garrido, Claudia, additional, López Johanon, José Francisco, additional, Cavada Chacón, Gabriel, additional, Jiménez Retamal, Beatriz, additional, Gasparini, Brenda, additional, Brito Olivares, Alex, additional, Olivares Grohnert, Manuel, additional, Castillo Carniglia, Álvaro, additional, Hertrampf Díaz, Eva, additional, Olave Müller, Paola, additional, Díaz Ballesteros, Alejandra, additional, Castro Brezzo, Paola, additional, Amaro Romero, Carolina, additional, Muñoz Martínez, Andrea, additional, Mendoza Alonzo, Jennifer, additional, Ramírez Valdivia, Martha, additional, Moraga Paumerino, Ana, additional, Vargas Palavicino, Irma, additional, Carvajal Bañados, Yuri, additional, Yuing Alfaro, Tuillang, additional, Basso Musso, Liliana, additional, Carvajal Riquelme, Laura, additional, Buhring Bonacich, Kristian, additional, and Oliva Mella, Patricio, additional

Published
2011
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62. Equidad en salud

Author

Zitko Melo, Pedro, primary, Araya, Ricardo, additional, Cabieses Valdés, Báltica, additional, Moscoso Aguayo, Paula, additional, Seyler Cabeza, Liliana, additional, Lindemann Tappert, Christina, additional, Bastías Olivares, Kris, additional, Figueroa Cendoya, Francisca, additional, Illanes Neira, María Carolina, additional, Pavlovic Jeldres, Cristián, additional, Lopez Muñoz, Felipe, additional, Solar Tobar, Felipe, additional, Jara Bahamondes, Gisela, additional, Soto Quina, Liliana, additional, Godoy Sagredo, Sebastián, additional, Venegas Cid, Cecilia, additional, Allende Sánchez, Myriam, additional, Aranda Chacón, Waldo, additional, Albornoz Garrido, Claudia, additional, Villegas Canquil, Jorge, additional, Cayul Riffo, Ana, additional, Gutiérrez, Andrea, additional, Gatica, Marilyn, additional, Salamanca, Gabriela, additional, Díaz A., Carolina, additional, Peña Martínez, Verónica, additional, Lozano T., Mauricio, additional, Fresno Rivas, María Consuelo, additional, Angel Aguirre, Pablo, additional, Cisternas Pinto, Patricia, additional, Cabello Ibacache, Rodrigo, additional, Bravo Yubini, Iside, additional, Villegas Valle, María Jesús, additional, Santana Nazarit, Paula, additional, Tapia Crispi, Rosa, additional, Meira Cardoso, Karina, additional, Gama Nogueira, Silvana, additional, Rodríguez Martínez, Gonzalo, additional, Santos Alburqueque, Vivian Abreu, additional, Souza Assumpção, Fabiana, additional, Cuhna Scarparo, Fatima, additional, Villa Scatena, Tereza, additional, Neto Rufino, Antonio, additional, Olave Müller, Paola, additional, Arteaga Herrera, Oscar, additional, González Escalona, Fernando, additional, Valenzuela Bravo, María Teresa, additional, Cavada Chacón, Gabriel, additional, Lacoste Huenulef, Katherinne, additional, and Muñoz Pangui, Eilym, additional

Published
2011
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67. Influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) en niños estudiados en elInstituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias.

Author

Garrido, Claudia, Cano, Carmen, Salcedo, Margarita, Del Razo, Rosangela, and Alejandre, Alejandro

Subjects
*INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype, *INFLUENZA, *EPIDEMICS, *PANDEMICS, *INFECTIOUS disease transmission, *JUVENILE diseases, *SYMPTOMS
Abstract

In March, 2009, the report of patients with influenza by a virus with a genetic combination that had never been identified, was seen to be on the increase in Mexico. H1N1 Influenza A virus of swine origin, was a new epidemic. Three months after the epidemiologic alert declared by the Mexican government, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 6,225 confirmed cases in 73 countries. This event prompted the WHO to declare a pandemia on June 11th. We did a retrospective study of the clinical files of 36 children with a confirmed result of H1N1 influenza A from March to November 2009 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER). The age of the patients ranged from 9 months to 14 years.16.7% of them had history of exposure to H1N1 influenza A; 33% had been vaccined against seasonal influenza for 2008 to 2009. Patients presented with cough (100%), fever (83%), respiratory distress (83%), rhinorrhea (69.5%). Relevant laboratory findings were: leukopenia (44%), lymphocytopenia (88%), monocytosis (55), elevated lactic dehydrogenase (91%); and creatininephosphokinase (56%). Three patients died. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

68. Volatiles of the honey bee larva initiate oogenesis in the parasitic miteVarroa destructor

Author

Rosenkranz, Peter and Garrido, Claudia

Abstract

Summary. Varroa reproduction is closely synchronized to the development of its host. In this study we present a new bioassay for field and laboratory tests to evaluate host factors triggering Varroa oogenesis. Female mites deprived of feeding activated oogenesis when perceiving larval volatiles. In laboratory assays the living L5-larva and pentane extracts of the larval cuticle had a clear activating effect. Wax and larval food did not elicit Varroa oogenesis. The activating components apparently are in the polar fraction of the cuticular volatiles. The consequences of this regulative mechanism for the host parasite relationship and prospects for further research are discussed.

Published
2004
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69. Temporal changes in Varroa destructor</it> fertility and haplotype in Brazil

Author

Garrido, Claudia, Rosenkranz, Peter, Paxton, Robert J., and Gonçalves, Lionel S.

Abstract

The relationship between fertility and haplotype was studied in Varroa destructor mites sampled from colonies of A. mellifera carnica and Africanized Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Germany and Brazil respectively. Both in Germany and in Brazil, only the V. destructor Korea haplotype was found, though the Japan-Thailand haplotype was formerly thought to have been more abundant in Brazil. The fertility of Varroa mites in Brazil has increased since 1998 and is currently (2001) at European levels. Temporal changes in mite fertility and haplotype are not fully congruent.

Published
2003

70. Toluidine blue staining as a rapid measure for initiation of oocyte growth and fertility in Varroa jacobsoni Oud

Author

Garrido, Claudia, Rosenkranz, Peter, Stürmer, Matthias, Rübsam, Ralph, and Büning, Jürgen

Abstract

A whole mount method was used to determine the moment of activation of oocyte growth in Varroa jacobsoni females. Ovaries of the mites were dissected and stained with toluidine blue. The coloration of the terminal oocyte indicates the uptake of euplasmatic and/or yolk material and, therefore, the initiation of the reproductive phase. In phoretic mites from adult bees, no staining of the ovary could be detected. V. jacobsoni females artificially introduced into freshly capped brood cells and removed for dissection 6 h later already showed clear blue staining of the terminal oocyte. The ovaries of V. jacobsoni females introduced 14 h after capping of the brood cell, however, remained uncolored after incubation in toluidine blue. We conclude that, in phoretic mites, oogenesis is arrested at a previtellogenic phase. Immediately after invasion of the brood cell, reproduction is activated by an as yet unknown host factor. This factor is present in freshly capped brood cells but not in brood cells 14 h after capping. Our new method offers new possibilities for the exact determination of oocyte growth and, therefore, for the study of V. jacobsoni fertility in different host and parasite populations.

Published
2000

71. Effect of Api-Bioxal ® and ApiHerb ® Treatments against Nosema ceranae Infection in Apis mellifera Investigated by Two qPCR Methods.

Author

Cilia G, Garrido C, Bonetto M, Tesoriero D, and Nanetti A

Abstract

Nosema ceranae is a worldwide distributed midgut parasite of western honey bees, leading to dwindling colonies and their collapse. As a treatment, only fumagillin is available, causing issues like resistance and hampered bee physiology. This study aimed to evaluate ApiHerb ® and Api-Bioxal ® as treatments against N. ceranae . The efficacy was tested using two qPCR methods based on the 16S rRNA and Hsp70 genes. In addition, these methods were compared for their aptitude for the quantification of the infection. For this, 19 colonies were selected based on the presence of N. ceranae infections. The colonies were divided into three groups: treated with ApiHerb, Api-Bioxal with previous queen caging and an untreated control. All colonies were sampled pre- and post-treatment. The bees were analyzed individually and in duplicate with both qPCR methods. All bees in the pre-treatment tested positive for N. ceranae . Both treatments reduced the abundance of N. ceranae , but ApiHerb also decreased the prevalence of infected bees. Analysis with the 16S rRNA method resulted in several orders of magnitude more copies than analysis with the Hsp70 method. We conclude that both products are suitable candidates for N. ceranae treatment. From our analysis, the qPCR method based on the Hsp70 gene results as more apt for the exact quantification of N. ceranae as is needed for the development of veterinary medicinal products.

Published
2020
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