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The midas cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus) is an important aquarium fish that has served as a model organism for studying sympatric speciation. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the midas cichlid. We report that the cichlid’s mitochondrial genome is a circular DNA double strand of 16,521 bp length, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. The overall-base compositions of the H-strand are as follows: A, 28.56%; C, 30.69%; G, 15.11%; T, 25.64%. This study provides important genomic data to further the research of the genetic evolution of cichlids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the big-belly seahorse,Hippocampus abdominalis(Lesson, 1827) (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae), has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome is 16 521 bp in length which includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the seahorse is 31.1% for A, 23.6% for C, 16.0% for G, 29.3% for T and shows 87% identities similar to tiger tail seahorse,Hippocampus comes.The complete mitogenome of the big-belly seahorse provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for seahorse family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofMelanotaenia boesemani(Allen & Cross, 1980) (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 493 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition ofM. boesemaniis 27.88% for A, 29.92% for C, 15.74% for G, 26.47% for T and shows 96% identities to Lake Kutubu rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data would provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of theSymphysodon aequifasciatushas been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 545 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the fish is 28.8% for A, 30.1% for C, 15.0% for G, and 26.1% for T, suggesting a 99% identity toS. discusHeckel and a 98% identity toS. haraldi.It provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis forSymphysodonphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence ofProtomelas annectensRegan 1922 has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 583 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 control region. The overall base composition ofP. annectens is 27.41% for A, 30.07% for C, 15.88% for G, 26.64% for T and shows 94% identity to threadfin cichlid,Petrochromis trewavasae.These data will provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Cichlidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the mitochondrial genome ofGlossolepis incisus(Weber 1907) (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 529 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition ofG. incisusis 27.51% for A, 30.04% for C, 16.06% for G, 26.39% for T and showS 91% identities to Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia lacustris. These data will provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of theSymphysodon haraldi(Schultz, 1960) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 543 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of the fish is 28.8% for A, 30.1% for C, 15.0% for G, and 26.1% for T, suggesting a 97% identity toS. discusHeckel. It provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis forSymphysodonphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the altum angelfishPterophyllum altum(Pellegrin, 1903) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome consists of 16 495 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition ofP. altumis 27.5% for A, 30.3% for C, 15.5% for G, and 26.7% for T, which shows a 92% identity toP. scalare.The complete mitogenome of theP. altumprovides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for the genusPterophyllumphylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofSymphysodon discusHeckel was 16 544 bp in length, consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rRNA genes, and a control region or displacement loop (D-loop). With the exception of 8 tRNAs and ND6 genes, the others were encoded on H-strand. The base composition on H-strand was 30.04% C, 28.39% A, 26.49% T and 15.07% G, exhibiting an A + T rich pattern. The codon usage was consistent with the other vertebrate mitochondrial pattern, i.e. start codon is ATG or GTG and stop codons are TAA, TAG or T– –. Stop codon TAG was only found in the ND6. There were 8 regions of gene overlapped with the length of 26 bp in total and 12 intergenic spacer regions (99 bp in total). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish,Melanotaenia parkinsoni(Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome is 16 529 bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Parkinson's Rainbowfish is 28.1% A, 29.7% C, 15.7% G, 26.5% T and shows 93% identity with Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish,M. lacustris.The complete mitogenome of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for Rainbowfish phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Redhead cichlid (Vieja synspila) is an important aquarium fish and a useful phylogenetic organism of the Cichlidae family. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the Redhead cichlid for the first time. The mitogenome (16,543 bp) had the typical mitochondrial characteristics of other cichlid fish, including 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, two rRNA genes and one putative control region. This sequence will be helpful in studying the phylogenetic relationships between cichlid fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method has been developed for the determination of selenomethionine in selenium-enriched yeast by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three extraction methods were compared for extraction efficiency of selenomethionine from the samples. Selenomethionine in the samples was extracted for 24 h with proteinase in Tris buffer. The selenomethionine was derivatized with butanol and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The derivatization was accomplished in two steps, starting with the esterification of the carboxyl group of the selenoamino acid using butanol, followed by the acylation of the amino group with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride. The selected ion for monitoring selenomethionine was at m/z 349. The instrument operating conditions were optimized. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS with external standard method. Standard GC-MS chromatograms and mass spectra for selenomethionine were also obtained. The method was proved to be accurate and reliable. The recoveries of 98.5%-103.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9%-2.4% (n = 6) and the correlation coefficient of 0.9978 were obtained. The detection limit of selenomethionine for the method was 0.5 mg/L (S/N = 3) and the selenomethionine contents of real sample was given.

Objective: To discuss the best position of the prosthesis after total laryngectomy and the possible way to improve., Method: Thirty-three patients with vocal prosthesis after total laryngectomy through April 1994 and July 2004 were selected. Among them, 10 cases were selected from 12 nonspeakers were defined as the experiment group; 10 cases with the same gender and nationality and closed occupation, age, the type of pathology,ways of the operation were selected from the rest cases who had got voice as the contrasted group. And intraesophageal pressure measurements, esophageal insufflation testing, esophageal barium solution x-ray, laryngofiberscopy were performed. Paired-samples t-test was adopted., Result: The distances from nostril to the entrance of esophagus, the best vocal position and the level of vocal prosthesis have no significant difference between two groups. The esophageal insufflation testing showed there was no one case got the voice in the experiment group and there were 7 cases got voice in the contrasted group. The best voice position of the experiment group were at 3.6 cm above the prosthesis, and the contrasted group were at 2 cm above the prosthesis. The pressure of superior esophagus suggested that the pressure of 1 cm below the entrance of esophagus and 2 cm below the prosthesis were lower and there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) between two groups, but the pressures of the level of prosthesis were higher and there were significant difference (P < 0.01) between them., Conclusion: The pressure at the level of the prosthesis in experiment group were more higher than the contrasted group was the main factors for failure to get voice. The best voice position could be found in both groups below the entrance of the esophagus, and below it was the level of the prosthesis with the highest pressure which could effectively prevent the air from flowing into the stomach. Allow the air flow into the position by operations and the reform of the prosthesis could solve the problem of could not get the voice and improve the rate of success to get voice.