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Video games comprise a multi-billion-dollar industry. Companies invest huge amounts of money for the release of their games. A part of this money is invested in testing the games. Current game test...

Runtime verification is the process of observing a sequence of events generated by a running system and comparing it to some formal specification for potential violations. We show how the use of a runtime monitor can greatly speed up the testing phase of a video game under development by automating the detection of bugs when the game is being played. We take advantage of the fact that a video game, contrarily to generic software, follows a special structure that contains a “game loop.” This game loop can be used to centralize the instrumentation and generate events based on the game's internal state. We report on experiments made on a sample of six real-world video games of various genres and sizes by successfully instrumenting and efficiently monitoring various temporal properties over their execution, including actual bugs reported in the games' bug tracking database in the course of their development.

Developing a video game is a costly activity, not only from an economic perspective, but also in terms of the time devoted to researching innovative solutions and managing interfaces between the creative and technical team members. In this article, we explore the possibility to use an approach rooted into AI techniques (namely Behaviour Trees) to help establish a lingua franca between these two different functions, in order to optimize both the development time and the quality of the final product. In particular, we have developed BETTER, a middleware which can be easily embedded into any game engine, and tested it during the design and development of Crazy-Hill, a commercial video game for iOS-based mobile devices.

As the development of the mobile gaming industry is increasing rapidly, the game today not only serves as entertainment alone. Then by increasingly the need for the sector and education purposes then motivates the development of an educational game “Merah Putih” on the Android platform that provides information on Indonesian Culture. The methodology used for development is Waterfall methodology which consists of analysis method for information gathering, system design, implementation, and testing or testing of information on Indonesian Culture presented in this educational game. Test results obtained are a lot of information provided in this set can be accepted or captured by players and considered useful for the learning of players. Besides, overall can be stated that the level of satisfaction of players against educational game “Merah Putih” is considered quite high.

This paper presents an online, web-based Serious Game developed to investigate end-user behaviour when faced with complex WDS design and rehabilitation problems. SeGWADE (Serious Game for WDS Analysis, Design & Evaluation) couples an innovative and visually attractive interactive front-end with a server-side modelling engine handling real-time hydraulic simulation. A multiplayer online game infrastructure is implemented allowing interactions with a model to be instantly broadcast to both collaborating and competing users. The interactions are recorded and can be subsequently be replayed or analysed through the interface to explore the decision making process in detail. The Serious Game engine is designed to be extensible and can be reconfigured dynamically through an interface allowing the upload of EPANET [1] input files and the parameterisation of different game scenarios permitting a range of games to be developed independently. In addition, the front-end employs adaptive graphics that can switch between HTML5 canvas or WebGL rendering technologies, depending on the client hardware capabilities, in order to deliver the best user experience. The serious game has been evaluated through a classroom-based exercise in which 20 students competed to obtain the best WDS design solution. The results obtained demonstrate a high degree of player engagement with the game.

Computer games are rich, complex, and often large-scale software applications. They're a significant, interesting, and often compelling domain for innovative research in software engineering techniques and technologies. Computer games are progressively changing the everyday world in many positive ways. Game developers, whether focusing on entertainment market opportunities or game-based applications in nonentertainment domains such as education, healthcare, defense, or scientific research (that is, serious games), thus share a common interest in how best to engineer game software. This article examines techniques and technologies that inform contemporary computer game software engineering.

In this paper, we will introduce a game production program to iterate multiple game development cycles in a limited period. In one semester, we executed a game development process thrice, changing members every time. Students had the opportunity to gain experience, working with different people; also, by being provided a time limit for the development process, they learned how to manage development time effectively. Furthermore, by implementing the plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle [ASQ] in each development, students had the opportunity to identify and solve problems during the semester. Using this framework, we worked on the following three educational problems in Japan: (1) Mixed development with students of diverse ages and educational levels (2) Consciousness of development time (3) Understanding of each individual׳s strong and weak points Finally, we compared three types of programs (this program, Global Game Jam, and a mentor-based development program) in order to evaluate the aspects of game development that can be learned by them. We discussed how to develop a curriculum using a Game Jam framework. CR categories K.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Curriculum K.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Self-assessment.

The purpose of this research was to review and implement interactive audio visual media used in an educational game to improve elementary students’ interest in learning mathematics. The game was developed for desktop platform. The art of the game was set as 2D cartoon art with animation and audio in order to make students more interest. There were four mini games developed based on the researches on mathematics study. Development method used was Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) that consists of requirement, design, development, testing, and implementation phase. Data collection methods used are questionnaire, literature study, and interview. The conclusion is elementary students interest with educational game that has fun and active (moving) objects, with fast tempo of music, and carefree color like blue. This educational game is hoped to be an alternative teaching tool combined with conventional teaching method.

Game testing has been long recognized as a notoriously challenging task, which mainly relies on manual playing and scripting based testing in game industry. Even until recently, automated game testing still remains to be largely untouched niche. A key challenge is that game testing often requires to play the game as a sequential decision process. A bug may only be triggered until completing certain difficult intermediate tasks, which requires a certain level of intelligence. The recent success of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) sheds light on advancing automated game testing, without human competitive intelligent support. However, the existing DRLs mostly focus on winning the game rather than game testing. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we first perform an in-depth analysis of 1349 real bugs from four real-world commercial game products. Based on this, we propose four oracles to support automated game testing, and further propose Wuji, an on-the-fly game testing framework, which leverages evolutionary algorithms, DRL and multi-objective optimization to perform automatic game testing. Wuji balances between winning the game and exploring the space of the game. Winning the game allows the agent to make progress in the game, while space exploration increases the possibility of discovering bugs. We conduct a large-scale evaluation on a simple game and two popular commercial games. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of Wuji in exploring space and detecting bugs. Moreover, Wuji found 3 previously unknown bugs1, which have been confirmed by the developers, in the commercial games.

The emergence of mobile augmented reality children’s puzzle games conforms to the development of the information age. One augmented reality game named “Baby Running” was researched and developed, based on Unity engine and the Vuforia, which improves the interaction between the game and the player, and exercises the child’s concentration and reaction. The paper will discuss the game planning, game system design, key technologies, game testing, and the system’s conclusion and some future directions.

Game testing and evaluation (T&E) still have no standards to ensure quality. T&E on real devices instead of only using a software solution (e.g., emulators) has become a basic procedure for mobile software design and development, including games. This study presents the Open Device Lab community (ODL), a grassroots movement helping the Web and app community to have free access to device labs. The findings reveal how the open community can benefit the game industry.

Game testing is a software testing process for quality control in video games. Game environments, sometimes called levels or maps, are complex and interactive systems. These environments can include level geometry, interactive entities, player and non-player controllable characters etc. Depending on the number and complexity of levels, testing them by hand may take a considerable effort. This is especially true for video games with procedurally generated levels that are automatically created using a specifically designed algorithm. A single change in a procedural generation algorithm can alter all of the video game levels, and they will have to be retested to ensure they are still completable or meet any other requirements of the game. This task may be suitable for automation, in particular using Artificial Intelligence (AI). The goal of this paper is to explore the most promising and up-to-date research on AI applications for video game testing to serve as a reference for anyone starting in the field.

Mobile app markets have faced huge expansion during the last decade. Among different apps, games represent a large portion with a wide range of game categories having consumers in all age groups. To make a mobile game suitable for different age categories, it is necessary to adjust difficulty levels in such a way to keep the game challenging for different players with different playing skills. The mobile app puzzle game Wonderful Animals has been developed consisting of puzzles, find pairs and find differences game (available on the Google Play Store). The game testing was conducted on a group of 40 players by recording game level completion time and conducting a survey of their subjective evaluation of completed level difficulty. The study aimed to find a mechanism to adjust game level difficulty to the individual player taking into account the player’s achievements on previously played games. A pseudo-algorithm for self-learning mechanism is presented, enabling level difficulty adaptation to the player. Furthermore, player classification into three classes using neural networks is suggested in order to offer a user-specific playing environment. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate of the player class was 96.1%.

Background As competition for specialty clinical placements increases, there is an urgent need to create safe, stimulating, alternative learning environments for students. Objective To address that clinical gap, our team developed a virtual game-based simulation to help nursing students develop their pediatric nursing skills. Design A usability study was conducted using the Technology Acceptance Model as a research framework. Setting and Participants The study was conducted at a community college and included nursing students, nursing faculty/clinicians and two gaming experts. Methods The two experts evaluated the game using a heuristic checklist after playing the game. Participants engaged in a think-aloud activity while playing the game and completed a survey and interview based on the Technology Acceptance Model to explore ease of use and utility of the game. Results We found a high degree of user satisfaction with the game. Students reported that they had learned about pediatric care, they had become immersed in the game and they were keen to keep playing. Several design changes were recommended. Conclusion Usability testing is critical in the early stages of simulation development and the study provided useful direction for the development team in the next stage of game development.

This study used OpenTTD, a video game that supports in-depth experiential learning, to evaluate undergraduate students’ opinions regarding supply chain and logistics management learning. The 101 undergraduate participants were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. From the post-test questionnaires, the analytical results suggested that students had more positive attitudes toward video game-based learning than toward traditional education. Additionally, video game-based learning yielded more positive learning experiences than did traditional instruction. In summary, video game-based learning was found to have positive effects on the instruction of undergraduate courses on supply chain and logistics management.

The development of a serious game combines the skills of numerous disciplines, from subject matter experts on the topic being taught; to story developers, game designers, and software developers; to instructional designers, educational assessment scientists, and others. This section provides commentary on the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity’s unique game development program, Sirius, where multiple games with the same training goal were independently developed and tested by different teams. We compare the experience of two of these teams not only in game design but also in how skills of various disciplines were woven together to produce and validate their games. Lessons learned are reviewed to provide guidelines and takeaway points to assist game development practitioners in their future efforts to create effective serious games.

This paper presents a new practical game which helps undergraduate students to understand how the concept of supply chain management (SCM) works. The game uses a simple supply chain structure incorporating three entities of the supply chain: supplier, plant, and customer. The game employs a set of toy building blocks such as LEGO® blocks and has the rules of the game, responsibility of each player, product descriptions and bill of materials. This competitive game is used supply chain cost as the measuring to determine the winner team of the game and the Bloom's taxonomy as guidelines to develop the assessment testing based on the learning objectives of courses. This proposed board game has been tested by many undergraduate students who are taking SCM and Logistics Management courses. The results show that the students who played the game reached the higher scores of assessment testing than students who didn't play the game. Furthermore, most students have also positive view about this game.

Although participatory design (PD) is currently the most acceptable and respectful process we have for designing technology, recent discussions suggest that there may be two barriers to the successful application of PD to the design of digital games: First, the involvement of audiences with special needs can introduce new practical and ethical challenges to the design process. Second, the use of non-experts in game design roles has been criticised in that participants lack skills necessary to create games of appropriate quality. To explore how domain knowledge and user involvement influence game design, we present results from two projects that addressed the creation of movement-based wheelchair-controlled video games from different perspectives. The first project was carried out together with a local school that provides education for young people with special needs, where we invited students who use wheelchairs to take part in design sessions. The second project involved university students on a game development course, who do not use wheelchairs, taking on the role of expert designers. They were asked to design concepts for wheelchair-controlled games as part of a final-year course on game design. Our results show that concepts developed by both groups were generally suitable examples of wheelchair-controlled motion-based video games, but we observed differences regarding level of detail of game concepts, and ideas of disability. Additionally, our results show that the design exercise exposed vulnerabilities in both groups, outlining that the risk of practical and emotional vulnerability needs to be considered when working with the target audience as well as expert designers. First participatory study designing games for young people using wheelchairs.Reflection on relative contribution of game design expertise and experience.Explores representation of mobility disability by participants in design process.Reflection on how vulnerability of participants exposed through design process.

The video game industry is becoming increasingly important due to its revenues and growing capabilities. User eXperience (UX) is an important factor which contributes to the acceptance of a video game. The UX is usually assessed at the end of the development process, and for this reason it is difficult to ensure an adequate level of interactive experience between computer game and players. Cancelation of projects or even bankruptcy of a company can be caused by bad management of UX. In this paper, we propose the game experience management (GEM), a method to evaluate, manage, measure and track the UX from early stages of computer game development. In order to compare the proposal against a method comprised by conventional approaches, teams of master degree students were formed for developing six tower defense games for teaching basic multiplication operations; surveys were conducted to compare the UX of games. In this setting, we find that games developed with GEM significantly improve UX by increasing the puppetry and consequently reducing player frustration.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically validate a new instrument that comprehensively measures video game satisfaction based on key factors. Background: Playtesting is often conducted in the video game industry to help game developers build better games by providing insight into the players’ attitudes and preferences. However, quality feedback is difficult to obtain from playtesting sessions without a quality gaming assessment tool. There is a need for a psychometrically validated and comprehensive gaming scale that is appropriate for playtesting and game evaluation purposes. Method: The process of developing and validating this new scale followed current best practices of scale development and validation. As a result, a mixed-method design that consisted of item pool generation, expert review, questionnaire pilot study, exploratory factor analysis ( N = 629), and confirmatory factor analysis ( N = 729) was implemented. Results: A new instrument measuring video game satisfaction, called the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS), with nine subscales emerged. The GUESS was demonstrated to have content validity, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The GUESS was developed and validated based on the assessments of over 450 unique video game titles across many popular genres. Thus, it can be applied across many types of video games in the industry both as a way to assess what aspects of a game contribute to user satisfaction and as a tool to aid in debriefing users on their gaming experience. Application: The GUESS can be administered to evaluate user satisfaction of different types of video games by a variety of users.

This paper is a case study of an educational computer game for children. The game has been developed in collaboration with child psychologists and in accordance with international standards . The didactic aim of the game is to teach children safe behavior in the face of explosive remnants of war. This paper includes underlying assumptions; conceptual, graphical and technical solutions applied in the game; and results of game testing sessions in elementary schools in Poland and Croatia.

In this chapter, we propose an ethical framework for serious game design, which we term the Ecosystem for Designing Games Ethically (EDGE). EDGE expands on Zagal’s categorization of ethical areas in game design by incorporating the different contexts of design and their use. In addition, we leverage these contexts to suggest four guidelines that support Ethical Stewardship in serious game design. We conclude by discussing a number of specific areas in which ethics plays a role in serious game design. These include games in (a) a military context, (b) the consideration of privacy issues, and (c) the evaluation of game design choices.

This article describes the development process for creating a digital educational mini game prototype designed to provide practice opportunities for learning fundamental principles of arterial blood gases. Mini games generally take less than an hour to play and focus on specific subject matter. An interdisciplinary team of faculty from two universities mentored student game developers to design a digital educational mini game prototype. Sixteen accelerated bachelor of science in nursing students collaborated with game development students and playtested the game prototype during the last semester of their senior year in nursing school. Playtesting is a form of feedback that supports an iterative design process that is critical to game development. A 10-question survey was coupled with group discussions addressing five broad themes of an archetypical digital educational mini game to yield feedback on game design, play, and content. Four rounds of playtesting and incorporating feedback supported the iterative process. Accelerated bachelor of science in nursing student playtester feedback suggests that the digital educational mini game prototype has potential for offering an engaging, playful game experience that will support securing the fundamental principles of arterial blood gases. Next steps are to test the digital educational mini game for teaching and learning effectiveness.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and suggest nonviolent, emotionally and helpful games for young people. In this paper, the digital animation, advantages, disadvantages, production process, etc. for overseas trends were defined. Also, creating games with the Visual Basic language in the animated feature of the disadvantages of existing algorithms shows case and screen time, so delayed distortion appears respectively. The proposed algorithm improves the speed and distortion through the screen. Simply two games of in-game animation and animation in complex game features were designed for the experiment and showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm by running. In this paper, the user interface of the game for children and proposed relevant algorithms were designed and resultant screens of the game showed. Most of contemporary games are violent to children. Therefore, in order to solve such problems, the game which is not violent but educative and child-friendly was designed and implemented in this paper. The future study on the game with a more in-depth is needed for animation techniques.

This article is interested in the creative practices in video game production. More specifically, the research focuses on the ways in which the use of game engines – a toolkit that offers a set of functionalities to automatize the handling of a range of processes (graphics, sound, game physics, networks, artificial Intelligence) – make possible or impossible certain forms of emergences in video games production. The manipulation of objects in these game engines is done according to a certain programming paradigm. Two main programming paradigms currently govern the internal design of game engines: object-oriented/inheritance-based deep-class hierarchical design and component-based data-driven design. We will describe how different programming paradigms lend themselves to certain affordances to explore the ways in which game workers can interface with game engines. We will use the framework developed by Gilbert Simondon on the artisanal and industrial stage or mode of production. This will enable a better understanding of the technogenesis of different kinds of game engines and the ways in which they can be conceptualized as technical individuals enduring through their associated milieus. This way of describing game engines emphasizes non-anthropocentric forms of creativity and specific modalities of emergent techno-human processes that are too often underestimated in various accounts of cultural production processes.

Video games are a peculiar medium, standing at the crossing point between art and software application, and characterized by an active involvement of its audience. The complexity of the product generates a huge challenge for the companies that develop video games. In the development process, level designers play a crucial role: they are in charge of declining the theoretical framework developed by the game designer into game levels, which contain the actual gameplay scenarios. Hence, the final goal of any level designer is to valorize the game design by creating enjoyable gaming experiences while, at the same time, respecting several constraints. To lighten the burden on level designers, several semi-automated approaches to level generation have appeared in time, but the majority of these tools suffer from several drawbacks. In the present work, we tackle the issue of designing, prototyping and testing FUN PLEdGE, a general-purpose automated levels generator and editor for platform video games. Its main goal is to shrink development time while producing --- unassisted --- levels that are both playable and fun. Moreover, our tool provides the maximum freedom to the level designer, by avoiding to impose unnecessary constraints on the structure of the levels and by guaranteeing the possibility to modify and personalize by hand the generated levels. During this process, the generator assists the designer by suggesting corrections functional to the quality of the player experience. To prove the effectiveness of our prototypal application we have also developed and tested with players a platform game. In the same vein, we asked to a group of game developers to test FUN PLEdGE.

The number of digital games for educational purposes has grown rapidly, and there is a potential for libraries to utilize them in information literacy (IL) education. Scholars have called for rigor in both the educational effectiveness and game-play experience in educational game design. One way to achieve this is to adopt a user-centered approach. Therefore, this article describes the user-centered design process of an IL game that actively involved potential users. A participatory design workshop and subsequent user evaluation yielded low- and high-fidelity prototypes. Insights on the complexities of educational game design were uncovered, including being accommodating yet pragmatic toward user input, keeping the balance between enjoyment and learning, and being guided yet flexible in using theoretical frameworks. Future directions for this IL game and general educational game design are also discussed.

This study proposes and applies a novel concept for an AI enhanced serious game collaborative environment as a supplementary learning tool in tertiary education. It is based on previous research that investigated pedagogical agents for a serious game in the OpenSim environment. The proposed AI features to support the serious game are the following: a) a pedagogical game agent, b) non-playing characters, c) chat bots, and d) a game interface called “Progress Map”. This study aims to explore whether the utilization of AI features in game based collaborative learning in a tertiary education course can positively affect students’ attitudes towards the course and educational games, students’ game performance, as well as the students’ perception of their learning environment. Summarizing, even though the intelligent game environment does not affect students’ attitudes, neither towards the course nor towards the educational games, it has a positive impact on the performance of the teams and so it can be considered useful in collaborative game based learning. Moreover, the intelligent game environment improves the cohesiveness in the classroom after the completion of the game activity in terms of helping, supporting, and becoming connected to each-other.

Software engineering (SE) is an area with a wide range of concepts and knowledge. Such diversity of topics, requires the application of different teaching and learning techniques for an effective education. Serious Games is one of such techniques, yet its design tends to be complex, currently lacking a map of game design standards that comply with SE education requirements. This paper presents a process to identify the game design patterns that can be effective for teaching software engineering, specifically the software project management topic. Firstly, it begins by identifying the relationship between game design patterns and teaching and learning functions based on literature review. Secondly, it filters which of those teaching and learning functions is most relevant to software project management education, according to SE education specialists. Finally, it validates the relationship between game design patterns and software project management education through an empirical study conducted with master students. The results can be used as a basis for designing and developing serious games for teaching software project management.

When using educational video games, particularly drill-and-practice video games, there are several ways of providing an answer to a quiz. The majority of paper-based options can be classified as being either multiple-choice or constructed-response. Therefore, in the process of creating an educational drill-and-practice video game, one fundamental question to be answered is which is the most appropriate response format? This paper answers this question, proposing a hybrid format that we call fine-grained multiple-choice, where the player constructs their response one element at a time, with each element chosen from a pre-defined set. A comparative study was conducted with second grade students. When comparing the impact of an educational drill-and-practice video game that uses multiple-choice with one that uses fine-grained multiple-choice, we observe that the fine-grained multiple-choice game achieved better results. However, the multiple-choice game was substantially more successful at capturing ...

Video games are a popular form of entertainment, but computerized tasks, often resembling video games or built off of video game platforms, are increasingly being used in research. Previous studies have indicated a correlation between video game use and performance on many virtual tasks, including tasks of navigation and orientation. By more completely characterizing previous video game experience and controlling for increased dexterity with game controls, this study endeavored to clarify the nature of such improvements in performance. The findings confirmed that individuals with a longer history of video game play have better performance on a virtual navigation task; however, this effect was greatest in players of video games with a navigational component, and it was not due solely to better use of game controls. Furthermore, participants who play navigational video games more often reported using more efficient navigational strategies, such as using cognitive maps or adopting procedural approaches through learned routes. The findings reported in this study provide evidence that better navigation and topographical orientation skills in individuals playing video games are likely due to the consistent practice of those skills while playing for the purpose of entertainment. Length of video game experience correlated with performance on navigation task.Improved performance was seen in those who play video games that include navigation.Improved motor control only partially explained improvement in task performance.People practiced in navigation video games used efficient navigation strategies.

ContextSoftware testing is the key to ensuring a successful and reliable software product or service, yet testing is often considered uninteresting work compared to design or coding. As any human-based activity, the outcome of the final software product is dependent of human factors and an essential challenge for software development organizations is to find effective ways to enhance the motivation and job-satisfaction of their testers. ObjectiveOur study aims to cast light on how professional software testers can be motivated and we explore the policies and rules conceptualized and implemented inside software development projects. MethodThis paper presents the results of an empirical study that collected data through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 36 practitioners from 12 companies in Norway. The data collection was performed over a two years period and investigates the strategies applied by the companies for stimulating their testers, while considering the motivational and de-motivational factors influencing the testing personnel. ResultsOur results provide a set of motivational and de-motivational factors for software testing personnel and present the strategies deployed by the companies for stimulating their testing staff. ConclusionsThe study shows that combining testing responsibilities with development and ensuring a variety of engaging, challenging tasks and products does increase the satisfaction of testing personnel. However, despite the systematic and sincere effort invested in recognizing the importance of testing and motivating the testers, heavy emphasis is laid on minimizing project costs and duration. The results could help the companies in organizing and managing processes and stimulate their testing personnel, which will lead to better job satisfaction and productivity.

In this article, we report on an experiment to monitor user attention in the serious game Le Village aux Oiseaux (The Birds’ Village). The primary motivation of this study was to explore the dynamic adaption of a game’s scenario and challenges to the skills of individual players. The solution we developed is a real-time, non-invasive visual attention monitoring method, based on the evaluation of reaction time within an open and continuous space. Our results contribute knowledge that can be useful for automatically managing individual game sessions. In addition, this knowledge can benefit game designers as well, helping them to improve gameplay, manage the difficulty of game environments, and optimize the positioning of visual resources on screen.

The design of a serious game depends on number of factors, including collaboration between different actors, context of use, user profile, and game mechanics. This article presents a methodology for the design of serious games for children with hearing impairments, using a Human Interaction Computer (HCI) approach. The proposed methodology has been applied in a study case for children with hearing impairments in the USAER program in Aguascalientes, Mexico, where the experience of children using the ABC- Spanish game in literacy learning is evaluated. The results obtained on evaluating user experience help o identify aspects in the game mechanics, such as the most appropriate device, continuous feedback, challenges, scoring system, and learning levels. Based on an analysis of requirements, user needs are identified in an educational context incorporating a learning style called Fitzgerald Keys. A heuristics set forms a validation model that allows the level of accomplishment of pedagogical objectives of the prototype game to be assessed. The results are positive. The questionnaire responses produced a high score of 80% indicating success in identifying features to be improved and integrated in the methodology.

Designing and developing games for learning is a difficult endeavor. Educational game designers must not only make an engaging and motivating game, but must also ensure that learning takes place as a result of gameplay. Educational researchers have sought to define design principles in order to lessen the difficulty involved with game design. In spite of these efforts, there is still a paucity of empirical research in support of significant direct learning gains that result from time spent in a game environment. This study investigated the effectiveness of a design and development approach centered on playtesting, with the purpose of ensuring the proper intrinsic integration of multiplication properties, concepts, and strategies within the game’s mechanics.

This study aims to design and develop smart game based on Unity3D engine that is a multi-platform game engine. The functions that Unity3D supports autonomously are very abundant. All game developments are possible such as shader, physics engine, network, terrain manipulation, audio, video, and animation, and it is enabled so that it is possible to revise, meeting demand of user according to the need. For the efficiency of game development process, this study aims to plan, design, and develop a smart game based on multi-platform game engine.

Educational games offer an opportunity to engage and inspire students to take an interest in every subject material in school. The "fun" obtain when playing games become a trigger for the use of games in learning. However, there are doubts whether the players actually learn while they are having fun. Vidyanusa is an Online Mathematics Education Game being developed by Crayonpedia Education Ecosystem in Indonesia. The learning goal of Vidyanusa is to engage junior high school students in learning mathematics. In this paper, we design the Vidyanusa game material Functions and Relations by using Balanced Design Approach. This approach has three models in succession; the Content Model outlines the purpose of the game, the Task Model maps out the mission, and the Evidence Model outlines student measurement. This paper will then discusses the quality of games produced in term of Usability factor for effective results and objective. The measurement of the game was carried out based on International Standard ISO/IEC 9126-1 FDIS about Software Quality Product.

Computer-based games as developments in information technology seem to grow and spread rapidly. Using of these games by children and teenagers have increased. The presence of more beneficial and educational games in contrast to the violent and harmful games is remarkable. Many scientific studies have indicated that the useful (functional) games improve children's cognitive capabilities. This paper examines the effect of a computer-based game developed as Weather Forecast Game on problem-solving abilities of children. The aim of this game design is to make children develop algorithms and create criteria by using simple visual and linguistic templates, and establish relationships between these criteria by making forecasts so that the pupils build forecast models related to game criteria by playing a game and have analytic information about everyday life weather events. At the development stage of this game, maximum importance was given to make it interesting and visual. Repetitive steps and instructions have been avoided. In this study, our guess is based on the research that whether this game brings reasoning, associating, communication and algorithmic thinking capacities to the children aged between "8---10" and if it does so, how it affects the problem-solving skills of them. An experiment was conducted with primary school pupils between ages of "8---10" to test their problem-solving capabilities. According to test measurements of `one group pre-test, post-test sample experiment method', all group and paired test results (Nź=ź45, Chi-Squareź=ź143.149, p\le.05) show that Weather Forecast Game has 2.07 times positive effect on problem solving skills of children. The results of measurements before and after playing the Weather Forecast Game show that there is an increase in algorithmic thinking and problem-solving skills of pupils participating in this study.

Public concern surrounding the effects video games have on players has inspired a large body of research, and policy makers in China and South Korea have even mandated systems that limit the amount of time players spend in game. The authors present an experiment that evaluates the effectiveness of such policies. They show that forcibly removing players from the game environment causes distress, potentially removing some of the benefits that games provide and producing a desire for more game time. They also show that, with an understanding of player psychology, playtime can be manipulated without significantly changing the user experience or negating the positive effects of video games.

The modern workplace has become increasingly complex as a function of numerous factors, including technological and economic growth. Teams are more frequently implemented within organizations to facilitate high performance within these complex, dynamic conditions. Game-based training has become a common method of delivering training to teams, paralleling the recent trend towards gamification, which refers to integrating games into traditionally non-game based settings. However, the extant literature remains nascent as there is a dearth of theory relating independent game attributes to teamwork behaviors. Specifically, it is unknown why or how game-based training may foster desired competencies within teams. To address this gap, the present article conducts a systematic review to identify opportunities for research and potential relationships between game attributes and teamwork behaviors. These proposed relationships are ultimately intended to uncover the manner in which game-based training can be leveraged to facilitate effective teamwork. Existing research linking game-based training to teamwork is reviewed.Future research opportunities in the area of game-based training are identified.Propositions linking game-based training to teamwork are described.

In the area of mobile game, the job of data analysis is very important. As the mobile game market is being expanded, the characteristics of the market have been so much changed, that the contents updating and marketing strategy should be built on thorough understanding and analysis result of the gamers` needs and their play pattern. Thus the importance of the mobile game management system can not be overemphasized. However, in practice, most of the mobile game companies are small scale, and they have intrinsic problem to provide successful game service to user with a dedicated operating team. To overcome these problems, this paper suggests an efficient mobile game management system based on our already developed mobile game. And the effectiveness of our system is illustrated by our case examples such as prompt response to user question or refund request. Our proposed system also played an important role to plan additional contents update, providing scientific data analysis result on user`s play pattern and purchase trend.

The quantitave increase and qualitative development in the game industry leads to bitter competition and makes game companies struggle to find better ways promoting their own games. The game trailer is one of the critical ways to publicize diverse games by showing visual images directly. There are three reasons why the game trailer comes into the spotlight these days; the rapid growth of the Internet speed handling the large size of files, the remarkable development of visual image quality just like digital movies, and the advent of video websites such as You Tube that shows huge amount of videos regardless of the type and size. However, there are not enough amount of research on the game trailer because using game trailers as the marketing source is still at an early stage. Therefore, this research focuses on providing characteristics of game trailers that are available for practical market analysis. First, this research shows that game trailers can be divided by the category of display, style, and contents type. Second, this research provides the component parts of game trailers that are divided into contents factors such as characters, backgrounds, events and promotional factors such as title, production company name, distribution company name. Third, this research explores research frames that would be needed to analyze marketing strategies, effects of game trailers, production pipelines and so on. These categorizations would be useful for producing game trailers efficiently and utilizing them effectively.

Education of 'Law and Order' is necessary in our recent society. However it is so difficult subject for students in the elementary schools to be learned efficiently. In this research, we have studied how to utilize the game as an educational contents with good effects of the game. And we have designed a game in which children could experience various situations where they had to make decisions based on proper law and order. Parents were also encouraged to participate and play along the game with role balances as mentors to their children. The effectiveness was tested with experience of the developed prototype game and questions. Through the study we expect and hope to use games as effective learning tools for children in the future.

Construct2 Game Engine is development by in United Kingdom production company Scirra. Construct 2 game engine to be used globally, the most excellent technical strength and visibility in the 2D game engine has grown to high engine. The game engine created by the 'Kongbin&Domino'. 'Kongbin&Domino' game, it began commercialization in the Google store and Apple's App Store. It advances the quality evaluation of the case of the production process and the game engine. Researched that can contribute to a better production. In the future, throughout the Research, it is to be contributed to the development of the game industry is conducting research to support the game development process which can be facilitated by the game content creation.

This paper analyzes platform selection (affiliation) by game developers in the Japanese home video game industry. We develop an elementary model of affiliation by software developers and propose the hypothesis that wider availability of game titles for a platform positively inclines game developers to affiliate with that platform when releasing new game titles. Then, using data for Japan, we estimate a multinomial logit model that includes both the attributes of game developers and the characteristics of platforms, and find evidence supporting this hypothesis. Overall, the findings suggest that game developers expect the indirect network effect to apply, and the prospect of future growth matters to them when deciding with which platform to affiliate.

Emerging requirements for learning in the enterprise are developing critical reasoning and keeping the learner engaged. Advanced didactical material that exploits gameful design should increase engagement by creating a product that has the spirit, and not just the mechanics, of a good game. This article presents game design guidelines for the development of an Educational Adventure Game and how they have been applied during the development of SIRET Security Game, a game that teaches workers the importance of following computer security policies.