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51. PETROGRAPHY OF FOUR CP-IDPS.

Author

Gainsforth, Z., Jilly-Rehak, C. E., Butterworth, A. L., and Westphal, A. J.

Subjects
ROCK analysis, PETROLOGY
Published
2017

53. TWO INTERSTELLAR DUST CANDI DATES FROM THE STARDUST AEROGEL INTERSTELLAR DUST COLLECTOR

Author

Westphal, A. J., Allen, C. C., Armes, S., Bajt, S., Ball, A. D., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A. L., Chater, R., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Davis, A. M., Ferroir, T., Floss, C., Flynn, G. F., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Grun, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Hoppe, P., Horz, F., Howard, L., Howe, G., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A. T., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Lemelle, L., Jan Leitner, Leroux, H., Lettieri, R., Marchant, W., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Price, M. C., Postberg, F., Sandford, S. A., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A. S., Srama, R., Stadermann, F., Stephan, T., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., and Zolensky, M. E.

54. Stardust interstellar preliminary examination - First results

Author

Westphal, A. J., Allen, C., Bajt, S., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H. A., Bleuet, P., Borg, J., Brenker, F., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D. E., Butterworth, A. L., Burchell, M., Burghammer, M., Clark, B., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Ferroir, T., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Peter Hoppe, Kearsleyll, A., Kelley, N., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Nittler, L. R., Lettieri, R., Mendez, B., Marchant, W., Sandford, S. A., Sec, T., Simionovici, A., Stadermann, F., Sternovsky, Z., Stroud, R. M., Susini, J., Sutton, S., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warre, J., and Zolensky, M. E.

55. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE STARDUST INTERSTELLAR COLLECTOR: AL FOIL I1044N,1

Author

Jan Leitner, Allen, C., Armes, S., Bajt, S., Ball, A., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Chater, R., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Davis, A., Ferroir, T., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Grun, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Hoppe, P., Horz, F., Howard, L., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A. T., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Price, M. C., Postberg, F., Sandford, S., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stadermann, F., Stephan, T., Stroud, R., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

56. THE SEARCH FOR INTERSTELLAR PARTICLE (ISP) IMPACTS ON STARDUST ALUMINUM FOILS

Author

Kearsley, A. T., Allen, C., Armes, S. P., Bajt, S., Ball, A. D., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Chater, R., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Davis, A. M., Ferroir, T., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Hoppe, P., Hoerz, F., Howard, L. E., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Lemelle, L., Jan Leitner, Leroux, H., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Price, M. C., Postberg, F., Sandford, S. A., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stadermann, F. J., Stephan, T., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Westphal, A. J., Zolensky, M. E., and Ispe, Team

57. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF AL FOIL I1061N,1 FROM THE STARDUST INTERSTELLAR COLLECTOR

Author

Floss, C., Allen, C., Armes, S., Bajt, S., Ball, A., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Chater, R., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Davis, A., Doll, R., Ferroir, T., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Grun, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Peter Hoppe, Horz, F., Howard, L., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A. T., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Postberg, F., Price, M. C., Sandford, S., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stadermann, F. J., Stephan, T., Stroud, R., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Westphal, A. J., Zolensky, M. E., and Stardust Interstellar Preliminary

58. HIGH FIDELITY STUDIES OF INTERSTELLAR DUST ANALOG IMPACTS IN Stardust AEROGEL AND FOILS

Author

Postberg, F., Allen, C., Bajt, S., Bechtel, H. A., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A. L., Peter Cloetens, Davis, A. M., Doll, R., Floss, C., Flynn, G. J., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J. K., Hoppe, P., Howard, L., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A., King, A. J., Lai, B., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leonard, A., Leroux, H., Nittler, L. R., Ogliore, R. C., Ong, W. J., Price, M. C., Sandford, S. A., Tresseras, J. A. Sans, Schmitz, S., Schoonjans, T., Schreiber, K., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stephan, T., Stodolna, J., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S. R., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

59. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF AL FOIL I1061N,1 FROM THE STARDUST INTERSTELLAR COLLECTOR

Author

Floss, C., Allen, C., Armes, S., Bajt, S., Ball, A., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Chater, R., Cloetens, P., Cody, G., Davis, A., Doll, R., Ferroir, T., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Grun, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Peter Hoppe, Horz, F., Howard, L., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A. T., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Postberg, F., Price, M. C., Sandford, S., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stadermann, F. J., Stephan, T., Stroud, R., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

60. SYNCHROTRON X-RAY IRRADIATION OF Stardust INTERSTELLAR CANDIDATES: FROM 'NO' TO 'LOW' DAMAGE EFFECTS

Author

Simionovici, A., Allen, C., Bajt, S., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Cloetens, P., Davis, A. M., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Peter Hoppe, Howard, L., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Kearsley, A. T., King, A. J., Lai, B., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Lettieri, R., Marchant, W., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Postberg, F., Sandford, S., Tresseras, J. A. Sans, Schoonjans, T., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Sole, V. A., Srama, R., Stephan, T., Stodolna, J., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S., Trieloff, M., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczs-Zak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Westphal, A. J., Zevin, D., Zolensky, M. E., Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Minéralogie et environnements, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Photon Science, DESY, Advanced Light Source [LBNL Berkeley] (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Kent [Canterbury], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Chicago, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), State University of New York at Plattsburgh (SUNY Plattsburgh), State University of New York (SUNY), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Colorado [Boulder], Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Advanced Photon Source [ANL] (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL)-University of Chicago-US Department of Energy, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de structures et propriétés de l'état solide - UMR 8008 (LSPES), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Osaka University [Osaka], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Hawai Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Special Issue: 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, August 8-12, 2011, London, U.K.; International audience; Although synchrotron radiation X-Ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) is among the least destructive analysis methods applied to rare extraterrestrial grains, we have observed radiation damage effects following high flux synchrotron analyses. Track 30 of the IS collector of the Stardust mission , containing 2 candidates dubbed Orion and Sirius was analyzed at ESRF, France, on beamlines ID13 and ID22NI by nano-XRF/XRD scanning methods. Beam damage effects were noticed on both samples and a quantitative analysis of their irradiation history was established , allowing us to propose new experimental protocols as well as fluence limits, minimizing such effects in the future. The purpose of this study is to present these facts, analyze potential damage mechanisms and offer alternatives.

61. SARIM PLUS-sample return of comet 67P/CG and of interstellar matter

Author

Srama, R., Kr��ger, H., Yamaguchi, T., Stephan, T., Burchell, M., Kearsley, A. T., Sterken, Veerle, Postberg, F., Kempf, S., Gr��n, E., Altobelli, N., Ehrenfreund, P., Dikarev, V., Horanyi, M., Sternovsky, Z., Carpenter, J. D., Westphal, A., Gainsforth, Z., Krabbe, A., Agarwal, J., Yano, H., Blum, J., Henkel, H., Hillier, J., Hoppe, P., Trieloff, M., Hsu, S., Mocker, A., Fiege, K., Green, S. F., Bischoff, A., Esposito, F., Laufer, R., Hyde, T. W., Herdrich, G., Fasoulas, S., J��ckel, Annette, Jones, G., Jenniskens, P., Khalisi, E., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Spahn, F., Keller, H. U., Frisch, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Pailer, N., Altwegg, Kathrin, Engrand, C., Auer, S., Silen, J., Sasaki, S., Kobayashi, M., Schmidt, J., Kissel, J., Marty, B., Michel, P., Palumbo, P., Vaisberg, O., Baggaley, J., Rotundi, A., and R��ser, H. P.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 520 Astronomy, 620 Engineering, 7. Clean energy
Abstract

The Stardust mission returned cometary, interplanetary and (probably) interstellar dust in 2006 to Earth that have been analysed in Earth laboratories worldwide. Results of this mission have changed our view and knowledge on the early solar nebula. The Rosetta mission is on its way to land on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and will investigate for the first time in great detail the comet nucleus and its environment starting in 2014. Additional astronomy and planetary space missions will further contribute to our understanding of dust generation, evolution and destruction in interstellar and interplanetary space and provide constraints on solar system formation and processes that led to the origin of life on Earth. One of these missions, SARIM-PLUS, will provide a unique perspective by measuring interplanetary and interstellar dust with high accuracy and sensitivity in our inner solar system between 1 and 2 AU. SARIM-PLUS employs latest in-situ techniques for a full characterisation of individual micrometeoroids (flux, mass, charge, trajectory, composition) and collects and returns these samples to Earth for a detailed analysis. The opportunity to visit again the target comet of the Rosetta mission 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimeenternko, and to investigate its dusty environment six years after Rosetta with complementary methods is unique and strongly enhances and supports the scientific exploration of this target and the entire Rosetta mission. Launch opportunities are in 2020 with a backup window starting early 2026. The comet encounter occurs in September 2021 and the reentry takes place in early 2024. An encounter speed of 6 km/s ensures comparable results to the Stardust mission.

62. Quantification of Element Abundances of Stardust Interstellar Candidates by Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Author

Simionovici, A. S., Lemelle, L., Peter Cloetens, Sole, V. A., Tresseras, J-A Sans, Butterworth, A. L., Westphal, A. J., Gainsforth, Z., Stodolna, J., Allen, C., Anderson, D., Ansari, A., Bajt, S., Bassim, N., Bastien, R. S., Bechtel, H. A., Borg, J., Brenker, F. E., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M., Burghammer, M., Changela, H., Davis, A. M., Doll, R., Floss, Ch, Flynn, G. J., Frank, D. R., Gruen, E., Heck, Ph R., Hillier, J. K., Hoppe, P., Hudson, B., Huth, J., Hvide, B., Kearsley, A., King, A. J., Lai, B., Leitner, J., Leonard, A., Leroux, H., Lettieri, R., Marchant, W., Nittler, L. R., Ogliore, R., Ong, W. J. Ja, Postberg, F., Price, M. C., Sandford, S. A., Schmitz, S., Schoonjans, T., Schreiber, K., Silversmit, G., Srama, R., Stephan, Th, Sterken, V. J., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S., Trieloff, M., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliszczak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Korff, J., Wordsworth, N., Zevin, D., and Zolensky, M. E.

63. AUGER ANALYSIS OF IMPACT CRATERS FROM THE STARDUST INTERSTELLAR FOILS

Author

Floss, C., Allen, C., Ansari, A., Bajt, S., Bassim, N., Bechtel, H. A., Borg, J., Brenker, F., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A. L., Cloetens, P., Davis, A. M., Flynn, G. J., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J. K., Hoppe, P., Howard, L., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Hvide, B., Kearsley, A., King, A. J., Kotula, P., Lai, B., Jan Leitner, Lemelle, L., Leroux, H., Nittler, L. R., Ogliore, R. C., Ong, W. J., Postberg, F., Price, M. C., Sandford, S. A., Tresseras, J. A. Sans, Schmitz, S., Schoonjans, T., Schreiber, K., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stephan, T., Stodolna, J., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S. R., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

64. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT RESIDUES IN CRATERS ON THE Stardust INTERSTELLAR FOILS

Author

Stroud, R. M., Allen, C., Ansari, A., Bajt, S., Bassim, N., Bechtel, H. A., Borg, J., Brenker, F., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A. L., Peter Cloetens, Davis, A. M., Doll, R., Floss, C., Flynn, G. J., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J. K., Hoppe, P., Howard, L., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Hvide, B., Kearsley, A., King, A. J., Kotula, P. G., Lai, B., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leonard, A., Leroux, H., Nittler, L. R., Ogliore, R. C., Ong, W. J., Postberg, F., Price, M. C., Sandford, S. A., Tresseras, J. A. Sans, Schmitz, S., Schoonjans, T., Schreiber, K., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stephan, T., Stodolna, J., Sutton, S. R., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

65. Discovery of non-random spatial distribution of impacts in the Stardust cometary collector

Author

Westphal, Aj, Bastien, Rk, Borg, J., Bridges, J., BROWNLEE, DE, Burchell, Mj, Cheng, Af, Clark, Bc, Djouadi, Z., Floss, C., Franchi, I., Gainsforth, Z., Graham, G., Simon F. Green, Heck, Pr, Horanyi, M., Hoppe, P., Horz, Fp, Huth, J., Kearsley, A., Leroux, H., Marhas, K., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Sandford, Sa, See, Th, Stadermann, Fj, Teslich, Ne, Tsitrin, S., Warren, Jl, Wozniakiewicz, Pj, and Zolensky, Me

66. Research article - Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope

Author

Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J. -P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Hoerz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Luening, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takashi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., Nittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Okudaira, Kyoko, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, Francois, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yano, Hajime, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, and Zolensky, Michael

Subjects
Grains, Origin, Solar Nebula, Physics::Space Physics, Crystalline Silicates, P/Wild 2, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Kuiper Belt, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Mineralogy, Refractory Inclusions, Nucleus
Abstract

The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.

67. THE SEARCH FOR INTERSTELLAR PARTICLE (ISP) IMPACTS ON STARDUST ALUMINUM FOILS

Author

Kearsley, A. T., Allen, C., Armes, S. P., Bajt, S., Ball, A. D., Bastien, R., Bechtel, H., Borg, J., Brenker, F., Bridges, J. C., Brownlee, D. E., Burchell, M. J., Burghammer, M., Butterworth, A., Chater, R., Peter Cloetens, Cody, G., Davis, A. M., Ferroir, T., Floss, C., Flynn, G., Frank, D., Gainsforth, Z., Gruen, E., Heck, P. R., Hillier, J., Hoppe, P., Hoerz, F., Howard, L. E., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, J., Lai, B., Landgraf, M., Lemelle, L., Leitner, J., Leroux, H., Nittler, L., Ogliore, R., Price, M. C., Postberg, F., Sandford, S. A., Schmitz, S., Silversmit, G., Simionovici, A., Srama, R., Stadermann, F. J., Stephan, T., Stroud, R. M., Sutton, S., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, M., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Tsou, P., Tsuchiyama, A., Tyliczszak, T., Vekemans, B., Vincze, L., Warren, J., Westphal, A. J., and Zolensky, M. E.

68. Non-random spatial distribution of impacts in the Stardust Cometary Collector

Author

Westphal, A.J., Bastien, R.K., Borg, J., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D.E., Burchell, M.J., Cheng, A.F., Clark, B.C., Djouadi, Z., Floss, C., Franchi, I.A, Gainsforth, Z., Graham, G., Green, S.F, Heck, P.R., Horányi, M., Hoppe, P., Hörz, F.P., Huth, J., Kearsley, A., Leroux, H., Marhas, K., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Sandford, S.A., See, T.H., Stadermann, F.J., Teslich, N.E., Tsitrin, S., Warren, J.L., Wozniakiewicz, P.J., Zolensky, M.E., Westphal, A.J., Bastien, R.K., Borg, J., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D.E., Burchell, M.J., Cheng, A.F., Clark, B.C., Djouadi, Z., Floss, C., Franchi, I.A, Gainsforth, Z., Graham, G., Green, S.F, Heck, P.R., Horányi, M., Hoppe, P., Hörz, F.P., Huth, J., Kearsley, A., Leroux, H., Marhas, K., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Sandford, S.A., See, T.H., Stadermann, F.J., Teslich, N.E., Tsitrin, S., Warren, J.L., Wozniakiewicz, P.J., and Zolensky, M.E.

Abstract

We report the discovery that impacts in the Stardust cometary collector are not distributed randomly in the collecting media, but appear to be clustered on scales smaller than ~10 cm.

69. Non-random spatial distribution of impacts in the Stardust Cometary Collector

Author

Westphal, A.J., Bastien, R.K., Borg, J., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D.E., Burchell, M.J., Cheng, A.F., Clark, B.C., Djouadi, Z., Floss, C., Franchi, I.A, Gainsforth, Z., Graham, G., Green, S.F, Heck, P.R., Horányi, M., Hoppe, P., Hörz, F.P., Huth, J., Kearsley, A., Leroux, H., Marhas, K., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Sandford, S.A., See, T.H., Stadermann, F.J., Teslich, N.E., Tsitrin, S., Warren, J.L., Wozniakiewicz, P.J., Zolensky, M.E., Westphal, A.J., Bastien, R.K., Borg, J., Bridges, J., Brownlee, D.E., Burchell, M.J., Cheng, A.F., Clark, B.C., Djouadi, Z., Floss, C., Franchi, I.A, Gainsforth, Z., Graham, G., Green, S.F, Heck, P.R., Horányi, M., Hoppe, P., Hörz, F.P., Huth, J., Kearsley, A., Leroux, H., Marhas, K., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Sandford, S.A., See, T.H., Stadermann, F.J., Teslich, N.E., Tsitrin, S., Warren, J.L., Wozniakiewicz, P.J., and Zolensky, M.E.

Abstract

We report the discovery that impacts in the Stardust cometary collector are not distributed randomly in the collecting media, but appear to be clustered on scales smaller than ~10 cm.

70. Model for quantitative tip-enhanced spectroscopy and the extraction of nanoscale-resolved optical constants.

Author

McLeod, Alexander S., Kelly, P., Goldflam, M. D., Gainsforth, Z., Westphal, A. J., Dominguez, Gerardo, Thiemens, Mark H., Fogler, Michael M., and Basov, D. N.

Subjects
*OPTICAL constants, *INFRARED spectroscopy, *QUANTUM cascade lasers, *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy techniques, *DIELECTRIC function
Abstract

Near-field infrared spectroscopy by elastic scattering of light from a probe tip resolves optical contrasts in materials at dramatically subwavelength scales across a broad energy range, with the demonstrated capacity for chemical identification at the nanoscale. However, current models of probe-sample near-field interactions still cannot provide a sufficiently quantitatively interpretation of measured near-field contrasts, especially in the case of materials supporting strong surface phonons. We present a model of near-field spectroscopy derived from basic principles and verified by finite-element simulations, demonstrating superb predictive agreement both with tunable quantum cascade laser near-field spectroscopy of SiO2 thin films and with newly presented nanoscale Fourier transform infrared (nanoFTIR) spectroscopy of crystalline SiC. We discuss the role of probe geometry, field retardation, and surface mode dispersion in shaping the measured near-field response. This treatment enables a route to quantitatively determine nanoresolved optical constants, as we demonstrate by inverting newly presented nanoFTIR spectra of an SiO2 thin film into the frequency dependent dielectric function of its mid-infrared optical phonon. Our formalism further enables tip-enhanced spectroscopy as a potent diagnostic tool for quantitative nanoscale spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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71. An Improved Average Atomic Number Calculation for Estimating Backscatter and Continuum Production in Compounds.

Author

Donovan J, Ducharme A, Schwab JJ, Moy A, Gainsforth Z, Wade B, and McMorran B

Abstract

It is often assumed that electron backscatter and continuum (bremsstrahlung) productions emitted from electron-solid interactions during X-ray microanalysis in compounds can be extrapolated from pure element observations by means of the assumption of average atomic number, or Z-bar (Z¯). For pure elements the average Z is equal to the atomic number, but this direct approach fails for compounds. The use of simple atomic fractions yields completely spurious results, and while the commonly used mass fraction Z averaging produces fairly reasonable results, we know from physical considerations that the mass of the neutron plays only a negligible role in such interactions below ∼1 MeV. Therefore, including the mass or atomic weight in such calculations can only introduce further errors in these models. We present an expression utilizing atomic fractions of the atomic numbers of the elements in the compound (Z fraction), with an exponent to account for the variation in nuclear screening as a function of the element Z value., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest John Donovan is the president of Probe Software which offers automation and analysis software for EPMA instruments., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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72. A New Method for Dead Time Calibration and a New Expression for Correction of WDS Intensities for Microanalysis.

Author

Donovan JJ, Moy A, von der Handt A, Gainsforth Z, Maner JL, Nachlas W, and Fournelle J

Abstract

Observed photon count rates must be corrected for detector dead time effects for accurate quantification, especially at high count rates. We present the "constant k-ratio" method, a new approach for calibrating dead time for wavelength dispersive spectrometers by measuring k-ratios as a function of beam current. The method is based on the observation that for a given emission line at a specific take-off angle and electron beam energy, the intensity ratio from two materials containing the element should remain constant as a function of beam current, if the dead time calibration is accurate. The method has the advantage that it does not rely on the linearity of the beam current picoammeter, yet also allows the analyst to evaluate the picoammeter linearity, another critical parameter in EPMA calibration. By simultaneously comparing k-ratios for all spectrometers, one can also ascertain k-ratio consensus, essential for inter-laboratory comparisons. We also introduce improved dead time expressions and provide best practices on how to perform these instrument calibrations using this new "constant k-ratio" method. These improvements enable quantitative analysis of major and minor elements with high accuracy at high beam currents, simultaneously with trace elements with high sensitivity, for point analyses and X-ray mapping., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest John Donovan is the president of Probe Software which offers automation and analysis software for EPMA instruments., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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73. The Emerging Layered Hydroxide Plates with Record Thickness for Enhanced High-Mass-Loading Energy Storage.

Author

Guo W, Dun C, Marcus MA, Venturi V, Gainsforth Z, Yang F, Feng X, Viswanathan V, Urban JJ, Yu C, Zhang Q, Guo J, and Qiu J

Abstract

The past decade has witnessed the development of layered-hydroxide-based self-supporting electrodes, but the low active mass ratio impedes its all-around energy-storage applications. Herein, the intrinsic limit of layered hydroxides is broken by engineering F-substituted β-Ni(OH) 2 (Ni-F-OH) plates with a sub-micrometer thickness (over 700 nm), producing a superhigh mass loading of 29.8 mg cm -2 on the carbon substrate. Theoretical calculation and X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrate that Ni-F-OH shares the β-Ni(OH) 2 -like structure with slightly tuned lattice parameters. More interestingly, the synergy modulation of NH 4 + and F - is found to serve as the key enabler to tailor these sub-micrometer-thickness 2D plates thanks to the modification effects on the (001) plane surface energy and local OH - concentration. Guided by this mechanism, the superstructures of bimetallic hydroxides and their derivatives are further developed, revealing they are a versatile family with great promise. The tailored ultrathick phosphide superstructure achieves a superhigh specific capacity of 7144 mC cm -2 and a superior rate capability (79% at 50 mA cm -2 ). This work highlights a multiscale understanding of how exceptional structure modulation happens in low-dimensional layered materials. The as-built unique methodology and mechanisms will boost the development of advanced materials to better meet future energy demands., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Published
2023
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74. Q-gases in a late-forming refractory interplanetary dust particle: A link to comet Wild 2.

Author

Ogliore RC, Palma RL, Stodolna J, Nagashima K, Pepin RO, Schlutter DJ, Gainsforth Z, Westphal AJ, and Huss GR

Abstract

We report the structure, chemical composition, O, Al-Mg, He, and Ne isotope systematics of an interplanetary dust particle, "Manchanito". These analyses indicate that Manchanito solidified as refractory glass (with oxidized Fe but reduced Ti) in a chondrule-like formation environment more than 3.2 Myr after CAIs, after which it was exposed to Q-like noble gases in the dissipating solar nebula. Manchanito's He and Ne isotopic composition and concentrations are similar to those measured in samples of comet Wild 2, from which we infer that Manchanito's parent body was a comet. We propose that after formation and exposure to Q-like gases, Manchanito was transported to the outer Solar System where it came into contact with organics and volatile ices on its cometary parent body. Manchanito provides additional evidence that cometary solids have been subjected to energetic processing and large-scale transport in a wide range of environments in the Solar System., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Published
2020

75. Constraints on the formation environment of two chondrule-like igneous particles from Comet 81P/Wild 2.

Author

Gainsforth Z, Butterworth AL, Stodolna J, Westphal AJ, Huss GR, Nagashima K, Ogliore R, Brownlee DE, Joswiak D, Tyliszczak T, and Simionovici AS

Abstract

Using chemical and petrologic evidence and modeling, we deduce that two chondrule-like particles named Iris and Callie, from Stardust cometary track C2052,12,74, formed in an environment very similar to that seen for type II chondrules in meteorites. Iris was heated near liquidus, equilibrated, and cooled at ≤ 100 °C/hr and within ≈ 2 log units of the IW buffer with a high partial pressure of Na such as would be present with dust enrichments of ≈ 10 3 . There was no detectable metamorphic, nebular or aqueous alteration. In previous work Ogliore et al. (2012) reported that Iris formed late, > 3 Myr after CAIs, assuming 26 Al was homogenously distributed, and was rich in heavy oxygen. Iris may be similar to assemblages found only in interplanetary dust particles and Stardust cometary samples called Kool particles. Callie is chemically and isotopically very similar but not identical to Iris.

Published
2015
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76. Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy as a non-destructive probe of extraterrestrial samples.

Author

Dominguez G, Mcleod AS, Gainsforth Z, Kelly P, Bechtel HA, Keilmann F, Westphal A, Thiemens M, and Basov DN

Abstract

Advances in the spatial resolution of modern analytical techniques have tremendously augmented the scientific insight gained from the analysis of natural samples. Yet, while techniques for the elemental and structural characterization of samples have achieved sub-nanometre spatial resolution, infrared spectral mapping of geochemical samples at vibrational 'fingerprint' wavelengths has remained restricted to spatial scales >10 μm. Nevertheless, infrared spectroscopy remains an invaluable contactless probe of chemical structure, details of which offer clues to the formation history of minerals. Here we report on the successful implementation of infrared near-field imaging, spectroscopy and analysis techniques capable of sub-micron scale mineral identification within natural samples, including a chondrule from the Murchison meteorite and a cometary dust grain (Iris) from NASA's Stardust mission. Complementary to scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy probes, this work evidences a similarity between chondritic and cometary materials, and inaugurates a new era of infrared nano-spectroscopy applied to small and invaluable extraterrestrial samples.

Published
2014
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77. Interstellar dust. Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft.

Author

Westphal AJ, Stroud RM, Bechtel HA, Brenker FE, Butterworth AL, Flynn GJ, Frank DR, Gainsforth Z, Hillier JK, Postberg F, Simionovici AS, Sterken VJ, Nittler LR, Allen C, Anderson D, Ansari A, Bajt S, Bastien RK, Bassim N, Bridges J, Brownlee DE, Burchell M, Burghammer M, Changela H, Cloetens P, Davis AM, Doll R, Floss C, Grün E, Heck PR, Hoppe P, Hudson B, Huth J, Kearsley A, King AJ, Lai B, Leitner J, Lemelle L, Leonard A, Leroux H, Lettieri R, Marchant W, Ogliore R, Ong WJ, Price MC, Sandford SA, Sans Tresseras JA, Schmitz S, Schoonjans T, Schreiber K, Silversmit G, Solé VA, Srama R, Stadermann F, Stephan T, Stodolna J, Sutton S, Trieloff M, Tsou P, Tyliszczak T, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Von Korff J, Wordsworth N, Zevin D, and Zolensky ME

Abstract

Seven particles captured by the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector and returned to Earth for laboratory analysis have features consistent with an origin in the contemporary interstellar dust stream. More than 50 spacecraft debris particles were also identified. The interstellar dust candidates are readily distinguished from debris impacts on the basis of elemental composition and/or impact trajectory. The seven candidate interstellar particles are diverse in elemental composition, crystal structure, and size. The presence of crystalline grains and multiple iron-bearing phases, including sulfide, in some particles indicates that individual interstellar particles diverge from any one representative model of interstellar dust inferred from astronomical observations and theory., (Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2014
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78. Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust.

Author

Flynn GJ, Bleuet P, Borg J, Bradley JP, Brenker FE, Brennan S, Bridges J, Brownlee DE, Bullock ES, Burghammer M, Clark BC, Dai ZR, Daghlian CP, Djouadi Z, Fakra S, Ferroir T, Floss C, Franchi IA, Gainsforth Z, Gallien JP, Gillet P, Grant PG, Graham GA, Green SF, Grossemy F, Heck PR, Herzog GF, Hoppe P, Hörz F, Huth J, Ignatyev K, Ishii HA, Janssens K, Joswiak D, Kearsley AT, Khodja H, Lanzirotti A, Leitner J, Lemelle L, Leroux H, Luening K, Macpherson GJ, Marhas KK, Marcus MA, Matrajt G, Nakamura T, Nakamura-Messenger K, Nakano T, Newville M, Papanastassiou DA, Pianetta P, Rao W, Riekel C, Rietmeijer FJ, Rost D, Schwandt CS, See TH, Sheffield-Parker J, Simionovici A, Sitnitsky I, Snead CJ, Stadermann FJ, Stephan T, Stroud RM, Susini J, Suzuki Y, Sutton SR, Taylor S, Teslich N, Troadec D, Tsou P, Tsuchiyama A, Uesugi K, Vekemans B, Vicenzi EP, Vincze L, Westphal AJ, Wozniakiewicz P, Zinner E, and Zolensky ME

Abstract

We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed ( approximately 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.

Published
2006
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