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El empleo público ha sido objeto de constantes reformas, las cuales – pese a que a menudo sean necesarias dados los aspectos deficitarios de la Administración Pública – no consiguen encontrar un fin y dan lugar a discontinuidades, renovándose continuamente según los cambios del paradigma político de referencia. Hacen más complicado este cuadro tanto los cambios interpretativos de la jurisprudencia como las “vueltas” de la doctrina, que acompañan a dichas reformas, las cuales han sido realizadas desde los primeros años de la década del 90 con el procedimiento de privatización hasta hoy en día con las últimas propuestas del d.d.l (disegno di legge) n. 1577/2015. Dichas reformas han estado siempre, directa o indirectamente, relacionadas en cierta manera también con el personal directivo. En efecto, el personal directivo público representa el punto de encuentro de relevantes cuestiones tanto técnico-jurídicas – que se reflejan en el ámbito práctico a través de un amplio contencioso judicial –como político-institucional – que surgen respecto de la ambigua y conflictiva posición del personal directivo dentro del aparato burocrático administrativo de la Administración Pública. Esta tesis pretende responder a la exigencia de volver a reflexionar sistemáticamente sobre la figura del personal directivo, comprobando en qué medida se podría, de iure condendo, auspiciar unas mejoras y aclarando los puntos de sombra que emergen de su disciplina. Para todo ello ha sido necesario analizar los aspectos principales de la relación de trabajo especial del personal directivo a la luz de la evolución normativa que ha caracterizado dicha materia y que está todavía por desarrollarse. Ha sido también significativo realizar una comparación entre el personal directivo español y el dirigente italiano, existiendo analogías, sobre todo en relación con los problemas que se refieren a la gestión de la función pública, aunque también diferencias, como por ejemplo con respecto al distinto sistema de nombramiento de los altos cargos. Public employment has been subject of constant reforms, which - although it often been necessary, given the missing elements of the public administration - seem unable to find an end; leading to discontinuities and continually changing as it the political paradigm of reference does. Other factors that aggravate this situation are the interpretation changes in the jurisprudence, as well as the "round" of the doctrine, that accompany those reforms, taking place since the early 90s with the privatization process until today with the latest proposals of ddI (disegno di legge) n. 1577/2015. These reforms have always been directly or indirectly related in some way also with the management positions. Indeed, the public managers represent the meeting point of both: relevant technical and legal issues - as reflected in a practical level through a wide judicial litigation -and political institutional ones - that arise regarding the ambiguous and conflicting position of senior staff within the administrative bureaucracy of public administration. This thesis aims to meet the need to re-think systematically about the figure of the management positions, checking to what extent could , de iure condendo, propitiate improvements and clarifying some somber points that emerge from its discipline. For all that, it will be necessary to analyze the main aspects of the special working relationship of the senior management staff, in the light of the regulatory evolution that has characterized this matter and that is yet to be developed. It would also be meaningful to carry out a comparison between the Spanish management staff and the Italian leader, existing analogies, especially in relation to the problems relating to the management of the civil service, but also differences, for example with respect to the different system of appointment of senior officials.

Nel tentativo di far luce sui maggiori coni d’ombra che emergono dalla relativa disciplina speciale del rapporto di lavoro, la tesi riflette l’esigenza di un ripensamento sistematico della figura del dirigente pubblico, nell’ottica di prospettare de iure condendo possibili correttivi. A tal fine, sono analizzate le peculiarità ed attribuzioni della dirigenza pubblica, in chiave storico-evolutiva, alla luce dei principi costituzionali e del processo riformatore che ha contrassegnato la magmatica materia, a tutt’oggi in atto. E’, altresì, rivolto uno sguardo comparativistico alla disciplina del personal directivo español, rivelandosi la stessa, speculare a quella del dirigente italiano quanto alle gravi incidenze sulla gestiòn de la función pública, seppure non priva di considerevoli tratti di differenziazione in ordine, soprattutto, al distinto sistema delle nomine dirigenziali. In order to clarify the confusing aspects that arise from the special employment relationship of the “dirigente pubblico” the thesis reflects the need for a rethinking of the institution, while aiming to propose, “de iure condendo”, potential solutions. To do this, the peculiarities and attributes of the so called “dirigenza pubblica” are analyzed from an in historical and evolutionary point of view. This analysis is thus conducted under the light of the constitutional principles and the reform processes that have traditionally characterized this chaotic matter. A comparison between the Spanish institution of “personal directivo” and the italian “dirigente” is also included within the thesis. As a result of this comparison, a number of similarities and differences are exposed, mostly regarding the appointment of both “personal directivo” and the italian “dirigente” and the public service management.