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A new vaccine against ringworm, containing the inactivated Trichophyton verrucosum strain, was assessed on guinea pigs and calves under experimental conditions and on three herds of cattle under natural conditions. The vaccine elicited a distinct immune response of the cellular type. This type of immunity assessed by the migration inhibition test of leukocytes corresponded to the immunity evaluated by the challenge. In herds in which there were from 30 to 67% of naturally infected animals with T. verrucosum, two doses of the vaccine resulted in after 4 weeks a decrease of the number of animals with clinical changes from 40.5 to 100% depending on the group of animals under study.

Three cases of respiratory crytococcosis are described, one diagnosed only after thoracotomy and two after cytology. All were confirmed by cultures, biological and biochemical tests. The patients are alive and well 14 years, 5 years, and 5 years after treatment with crytococcal vaccines and mycostatin. Vaccines proved very effective when given intradermally in small doses and no dangerous reactions were encountered. Cytology of the sputum appears to be a very useful tool in diagnosis of fungal infections of the respiratory tract, especially when supravital staining is used. Difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and significance of positive sputum findings are discussed.

The preventive action of ringworm vaccine LTF 130 was studied in calves. A number of these calves were found to develop ringworm despite vaccination when they came into contact with infected animals during the build-up of immunity. The incidence of ringworm was reduced when the animals were vaccinated at an early age or when the dosage was increased on vaccination later in life.

Treatment of equine phycomycosis with a vaccine derived from ultrasonicated hyphae of Hyphomyces destruens was attempted in 30 cases of clinical hyphomycosis, 10 cases of hyphomycosis following unsuccessful surgery and 5 cases of basidiobolomycosis. Approximately 53% of animals with clinical hyphomycosis were cured after vaccination, while a further 33% clinically improved. All horses with hyphomycosis treated within 2 weeks of unsuccessful surgery were cured. There was no response to vaccination with a Hyphomyces preparation in horses with basidiobolomyucosis, while surgery alone resulted in a cure of approximately 69%. Animals tolerated the vaccination procedures well. In all cases there was a moderate to severe reaction at the site of subcutaneous injection which subsided within 96 hours. In approximately 30% of injections a sterile abscess formed at the site but responded promptly to treatment. Response to vaccination at the site of the lesion was observed within 7 to 10 days of first injection. There was progressive reduction of pruritus, drying of the surface of the lesion, expulsion of kunkers, fibrosis of the granuloma, and eventually complete epithelialisation.

Combined effects of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and host antitumor immune response were studied in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with histocompatible LSTRA leukemia cells carrying virus-induced transplantation antigens. Marked chemo-immune collaborative activity was found to occur when selected schedules of BCNU administration were employed. Moreover, synergist effects were also detected between chemotherapy and both specific and non-specific immunotherapy.

A case of onychomycosis due to Candida Albicans in an otherwise healthy girl is reported. A vaccine was prepared with the same strain as the Candida Albicans isolated from the nail culture, broken down into 12 ampoules containing progressive concentrations. An improvement was achieved up to complete cure and this persists many months later. The results of the therapy are commented on.