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In this paper a new Pseudorandom Number Generator based on compositions of abstract automata is presented. We show that it has full cycle with length of 2^128. It is also shown that the output satisfies the statistical requirements of the NIST randomness test suite.

Background Supracondylar fractures. Most common childhood elbow fracture. Can be difficult to manage. Risk of significant complications Method Results • NV documentation, 2018:2019, Improved (36%à45%), Inadequate (45%) in comparison to BOAST guideline. Night ops • Appropriate as per BOAST guideline Surgical technique Conclusions Recommendations

The basic requirement of rehabilitation training is active participation. This paper introduces our braincomputer interface based robot gives spinal cord injury (SCI) patients a full-cycle active rehabilitation for the first time. For patients with muscle strength level 0, we use brain-computer interface to recognize active motion intention of brain, which control the running speed of robot. For patients with muscle strength greater than level 0, we combine brain-computer interface and torque sensor to realize assistance and resistance training with the active participation of the brain. Integrated brain-computer interface control and force control, we achieved the active participation of patients from muscle strength 0 to muscle strength 4 throughout the rehabilitation cycle. Two typical SCI patients took part in the training, with an average of more than three-quarters of their 20-minute rehabilitation sessions active. After 2 weeks training, both patients had positive rehabilitation effects.

The main factors influencing the formation of the main component of strategic marketing of the full cycle "customer journey" in terms of omnichannel strategy of retail networks were analyzed. The main aspects of obtaining customer experience and changes were discovered by identifying customers points of contact with the retail network on the possibility of appropriate changes in the marketing strategy of retail networks and their further adaptation to customer needs. Approaches to the study of customer experience and the application of the results of analysis in the communication strategy of trade enterprises in close connection with marketing channels were systematized. The "customer journey" schemes are constructed, which reflects the possible direction of movement from occurence of the need to the purchase using digital marketing channels. The results of estimating frequency of respondents' use of different variants of the "customer journey" with the confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the choice of optical strategy were presented.

This paper describes the mechanical design of a humanoid lower limb driven by Series Elastic Actuator (SEA). The design is based upon the frame of the commercial UXA-90 humanoid, with the conventional rotation joints in spatial plane are replaced by SEA. A modular design of SEA is adopted for each specific joint (ankle, knee and hip) so that different walking patterns can be applied to the humanoid for more flexible movement. Moreover, by introducing the elastic element in the actuator, the humanoid can achieve higher fidelity of force control and better tolerance to shocks load during full cycle gaits. A prototype of the humanoid is built and then used to conduct experiment in two different cases: hanging in the air for free load conditions and performing step forward for fully load conditions. The experimental results validate the capability of the design and evaluate the performance of the actuators.

In this paper, we first derive an upper bound on the number of full cycle codewords of a cyclic code. Then we study the numbers of full cycle codewords of two classes of cyclic codes, one is Reed-Solomon code and the other is general cyclic code. For Reed-Solomon code, we get the number of its full cycle codewords. Further, we present a condition under which the Reed-Solomon code has (near) maximum number of full cycle codewords. For general cyclic code, we also get a condition under which it has maximum number of full cycle codewords.

Introduction Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a gold standard method to evaluate functional lesion severity in daily clinical practice. Recently, the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) which was newly developed resting indices was launched. Unlike other resting indices evaluated in diastolic phase, RFR is evaluated during entire cardiac phase. Previous studies showed discordance predictors between FFR and instantaneous wave-free ratio. However, it is previously unreported what predictor cause discordant outcome between FFR and RFR. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical predictors of discordance between FFR and RFR. Methods A total of 156 patients with 220 lesions were prospectively enrolled in this study. RFR was evaluated before inducing hyperemia. FFR was measured after intravenous adenosine triphosphate administration (180 mcg/kg/min). According to FFR and RFR values, the patients and lesions were classified into 4 groups: Concordant negative (Group-1 [n=114]: FFR >0.80, RFR >0.89); negative FFR and positive RFR (Group-2 [n=18]: FFR >0.80, RFR ≤0.89); positive FFR and negative RFR (Group-3 [n=25]: FFR ≤0.80, RFR >0.89); Concordant positive (Group-4 [n=63]: FFR ≤0.80, RFR ≤0.89). Among them, discordance predictors with clinical characteristics between RFR and FFR were compared using by two separate logistic regression analyses. (Group-1 vs. Group-2, Group-3 vs. Group-4, respectively). Age, sex and those predictors with a p value ≤0.10 were included in a multivariate regression analysis using by forward stepwise selection to identify independent predictors of discordance. Results On multiple regression analysis, hemodialysis (HD) (OR:6.072 [1.090–33.836]), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR:9.053 [1.776–46.162]) and left anterior descending artery (LAD) (OR:9.264 [2.092–41.031]) were significantly associated with positive RFR among negative FFR groups (Groupe 2 discordance). Conversely, diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR:0.212 [0.062–0.721]) and Hb (OR:1.480 [1.102–1.987]) were significantly associated with negative RFR among positive FFR groups (Groupe 3 discordance) Conclusions Since the clinical characteristics with HD, PAD, LAD, DM and Hb may influence concordant with FFR during RFR evaluation, it should be considered when interpreting RFR. Distribution and independent predictors Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Demand-side bidding often applies stochastic models to deal with the price uncertainty. These models, due to computational complexity concerns, are only able to consider some clustered price scenarios rather than the original and large scenario set. Many bidding researches pay little attention to the clustering quality issue, which might greatly influence the model outputs. To bridge the gap, this paper proposes a full-cycle perspective that we can boost the clustering quality by improving the data preparation and selection steps with guidance from some application-specific properties. An enhanced dataset and an improved selection criteria are then proposed to search for more adaptable scenarios for the stochastic bidding tasks. Our findings provide some new insights to understand the scenario clustering for a typical bidding application, which can be readily extended to other research fields. Finally, the numerical tests validate the efficiency and robustness of proposed clustering methods.

An article examines the problems, that the Russian economy faced amid the crisis Y2020, caused Covid-2019 spread through the world, including Russia. At the same time, against the backdrop of a drop in output in most industries, some organizations that have adapted to the new formats of doing business have entered a growing trend, thereby becoming the damper that avoided a dramatic drop in output across the entire Russian economy. The experience gained should act as a trigger for economic growth, the manifestation of which can be expected starting from 2021. However, the use of new formats of doing business is critically insufficient: it is necessary to achieve a synergistic effect between the business and the personnel training system for it by building enlarged ecosystems, which would make it possible to form a full cycle of functioning of the "new model economy". The purpose of the study is to identify the current problems of the economy and determine its key "points of growth". The main objectives of the study are to determine the key directions for the development of the Russian economy in the new conditions and formulate additional conditions necessary for its effective functioning. In the “Conclusion” of the work, the author made suggestions on the need to build a “full cycle economy”, which includes changing the formats (not the system) of education, the new foundations of which were laid during the acute phase of restrictive measures against the background of containing the spread of the pandemic. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.

radar task scheduling method, dual-side scheduling (DSS), is proposed in this paper. In this method, the radar tasks are firstly received as an original sequence, then the time window for the task execution is separated into two sides. All the tasks at each side are shifting toward a separator, connected each other head-to-tail without dwell overlaps. The separator is placed at one of pre-set locations, and the random shifted start time (RSST) technique is applied in order to finalize the scheduling: the start time of each task is randomly shifted in its schedulable interval, then the DSS is respectively conducted at each separator. The RSST process is repeated many times, and the resulting schedule with the minimal cost among all attempts is the final solution. Over a broad range of task loading rate, the proposed method shows 1.5 to 6.2 times less costly than the earliest start time (EST), which is a widely used one-side scheduling method. A full cycle of DSS takes a few tens of milliseconds, short enough for real radar applications.

Battery state monitoring and cell balancing are crucial requirements to achieve full cycle life of lithium-ion battery systems especially in EV/HEV applications to improve the overall efficiency of the system. This paper proposes a novel modular balancing system with a single balancing circuitry, and the performance of the proposed method is validated under MATLAB Simulink environment. A four-module battery system with three cells in each module is considered for simulation-based performance analysis. Through this new topology, balancing can be achieved in an efficient manner.

Background Nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) such as instantaneous wave‐free ratio, resting full‐cycle ratio, or diastolic pressure ratio have emerged as invasive physiologic indices precluding the need for hyperemic agents. The current study sought to evaluate the long‐term prognostic implications of NHPRs compared with fractional flow reserve (FFR). Methods and Results NHPRs were calculated from resting pressure tracings by an independent core laboratory in 1024 vessels (435 patients). The association between NHPRs and the risk of 5‐year vessel‐oriented composite outcomes (VOCO, a composite of cardiac death, vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven revascularization) were analyzed among 864 deferred vessels. Lesions with positive NHPRs (instantaneous wave free ratio, resting full‐cycle ratio, and diastolic pressure ratio ≤0.89) or FFR (≤0.80) showed significantly higher risk of VOCO at 5 years than those with negative NHPRs or FFR, respectively. Discriminant ability for 5‐year VOCO was not different among NHPRs and FFR (C‐index: 0.623–0.641, P for comparison=0.215). In comparison of VOCO among the groups with deferred concordant negative (NHPRs−/FFR−), deferred discordant (NHPRs+/FFR− or NHPRs−/FFR+), and revascularized vessels, the cumulative incidence of VOCO were 7.5%, 14.4%, and 14.8% (log‐rank P P =0.964). Conclusions Currently available invasive pressure‐derived indices showed similar prognostic implications for vessel‐related events at 5 years. Deferred lesions with discordant results between NHPRs and FFR did not show higher risk of vessel‐related events at 5 years than revascularized vessels. Registration URL: https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov ; Unique identifiers: NCT01621438, NCT01621438.

This paper covers the design and implementation of an accurate, yet flexible test system for Lithium-Ion batteries. The system makes use of linear charge and discharge circuitry to ensure a low noise control, and can support the simultaneous and independent testing of six cells. The system is controlled and data collected by specialist MatLab© software with a user-friendly GUI. Experimental data is processed within the same environment to obtain the desired information. The system makes use of Full Cycle Coulomb Counting and Pulsed DC Load Analysis to obtain estimates for the State of Health (SoH) and State of Charge (SoC) of various cells, and to examine the effect of different use cases on cell performance through repeated testing.

This paper presents an efficient method for constructing 2 2 n − 2 cyclic different de Bruijn sequences of order 2 n from the feedback function of a de Bruijn sequence of order n . This is done by extending an n -stage nonlinear feedback shift register (NFSR) to a 2 n -stage NFSR, and then recursively joining all cycles of the 2 n -stage NFSR to form a full cycle.

Internet of Things (IoT) learning involves the acquisition of transversal skills ranging from the development based on IoT devices and sensors (edge computing) to the connection of the devices themselves to management environments that allow the storage and processing (cloud computing) of data generated by sensors. The usual development cycle for IoT applications consists of the following three stages: stage 1 corresponds to the description of the devices and basic interaction with sensors. In stage 2, data acquired by the devices/sensors are employed by communication models from the origin edge to the management middleware in the cloud. Finally, stage 3 focuses on processing and presentation models. These models present the most relevant indicators for IoT devices and sensors. Students must acquire all the necessary skills and abilities to understand and develop these types of applications, so lecturers need an infrastructure to enable the learning of development of full IoT applications. A Web of Things (WoT) platform named Labs of Things at UNED (LoT@UNED) has been used for this goal. This paper shows the fundamentals and features of this infrastructure, and how the different phases of the full development cycle of solutions in IoT environments are implemented using LoT@UNED. The proposed system has been tested in several computer science subjects. Students can perform remote experimentation with a collaborative WoT learning environment in the cloud, including the possibility to analyze the generated data by IoT sensors.

This paper describe the study for assessing the accuracy of positioning and orientation for a developed visual positioning system, based on the already known methods. The main restrictions for the use of vision systems in the automatic control cycle, including with an increase in the number of observed objects, are revealed. The accuracy of positioning was estimated on the basis of AR tags and color blobs. The authors presented its hybrid marker for speed detection comparable with known analogues. A prototype of the developed mobile robot and the principle of automatic control for motion without collisions in the environment with moving objects are demonstrated. A full cycle of the developed control system with estimates of time delays at each stage is described. As a result, the most acceptable configuration of hardware and software for the task was selected.

The paper presents comparative schemes of classical production of complex products and their manufacturing with using additive technologies, including the main positive and negative aspects of using additive technologies. The article listes the main technologies of additive manufacturing of products, indicating the specifics of their application. The paper describes the methods of production and properties of powder materials. The spheroidization technology of powder materials and its post-processes is described. The article presents the concept of full cycle additive manufacturing. The basic software packages for modeling the processes of additive production of products from various metal systems are presented.

The paper describes the happy and the less happy flows of a user transaction through a Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Network. The full cycle of a user transaction originates from the Client Application (an actor outside the Hyperledger Ledger Network but inside an organization that is part of a set that runs the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Network). In the process of making the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain network knowledge explicit, essential parts of FBM were applied in cooperation with the developers of the Fabric Blockchain platform. The approach was given the name Visual Vocabulary by the Documentation Working Group of Hyperledger Fabric, a visual vocabulary to represent instances of facts.

QEMU is a widely used and fairly accurate emulator capable of emulating dozens of guest systems. Emulation of the system involves the configuration of virtual devices, which are supported in large numbers in QEMU, which entails a very long and complicated command line to start the emulator. When using deterministic replay, the situation is complicated not only by additional and not quite obvious parameters, but also by the need to synchronize recording and retrace launch command lines. Machines can have a different set of devices depending on the platform and even the version of the emulator. The article describes obtaining information about the devices of the QEMU emulator through the QEMU Machine Protocol for using this data in a graphical interface. The QemuGUI graphical interface supports the full cycle of work with the emulator: creating and configuring a virtual machine, starting in normal mode and in deterministic replay mode, interacting with the machine through a QEMU monitor.

For the creation of a multi-level system of integrated control and operational management of physical-chemical and technological casting processes, deterministic causality of technological objects was determined. These objects are involved in the processes of melting, ladle and heat treatment in the production of ductile iron castings. This made it possible to develop a block diagram of selection and optimization of key technological parameters, geometry of gating systems for the lost-foam casting. In order to ensure continuous control over a set of parameters of technological processes, equipment and environmental safety, key factors of influence of technological parameters were determined. To this end, the Ishikawa diagram was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the parameters and casting objects influence during lost-foam casting on the casting quality and environment. The expediency of using the Ishikawa diagram for the theory and practice of casting production was determined. Methods using the Ishikawa diagram were developed, which allow identifying and defining the deterministic influence of factors of the first, second, third order on technological processes and casting objects, as well as environment. They also provide an opportunity to determine the effectiveness of using the Ishikawa diagram in the production of high-quality cast products of iron-carbon alloys, including ductile iron. Basic data on the identification of casting objects and processes as the full cycle of production of ductile iron and castings of it by lost-foam casting were obtained. This will allow constructing a multi-level system for controlling the parameters of the full technological cycle using modern computer information technologies, as well as monitoring the environmental condition of casting objects and determining their environmental impact

A result of calculation of the topological properties of the Universe and its large-scale substances is presented. An equation for calculating values of the Hubble constant of the substances of the Universe, and of the Universe and the Galaxy, Sun, and Earth has been obtained for the first time. Their age and the time of one full cycle and of five cycles of expansion and compression of the Universe are calculated. A new hypothesis about the formation of the relic background of the Universe is proposed. The infinity of its evolution in time is proven.

Purpose: the purpose of the presented research is to expand the possibilities of using information-logical models for the analysis of forecasting "bottlenecks" and quantitative assessment of ways to eliminate them in the development of socio-economic systems.Methods: the implementation of this research is based on the use of basic principles, properties and rules of construction of phased informationlogical models for solving complex problems. Their development involves the introduction of quantitative assessments of ways to reduce the negative potential of "bottlenecks" and comparing the expected results of their elimination with the initial state.Results: the authors presented a method of analytical directed search and elimination of "bottlenecks" in the development of complex systems. This method is based on the use of rules for building information-logical models. A quantitative analysis of the potential for reducing the potential of identified "bottlenecks" assumes the construction of a linear graph based on the information-logical model, as well as the calculation of integral estimates of the expected compensation of the initial potential of "bottlenecks".conclusions and Relevance: the developed method of analytical representation of the possibilities of eliminating "bottlenecks" in the development of socio-economic systems is applicable for the analysis of the prospects of eliminating "bottlenecks" on the basis of building a scheme of a full cycle of decision-making. Testing of the presented approach on the example of analysis of known problem situations showed that the proposed tools allow a priori to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms, simulate their expansion and effectiveness in terms of impact on the final result. This increases the possibilities for finding effective solutions to complex scientific, technological and socioeconomic problems. In addition, it will be very useful in the examination of various projects and programs.

International audience; The article considers methodological tools for developing and adopting strategic management decisions at oil and gas companies. For this purpose, the authors set and successively solved the following tasks: the most significant features of management decisions were classified regarding the operation of large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOC); the study presents a model of the full cycle of strategic management at industrial enterprises; the authors propose an original algorithm for the development of strategic decisions at VIOC and review the existing general theoretical tools used for selecting strategic alternatives regarding their applicability at various levels of the company's management hierarchy; a mechanism for devising and taking strategic decisions has been developed on the example of the oil production department; the authors determined the significance of strategic managerial decisions that are currently transforming from traditionally functional into the corporate ones. The revealed positive dynamics in the costs of research and development (R&D), the increase in the number of applications for patents, and the findings of a survey conducted among top management of oil and gas companies have proven the importance of innovation and taking accurate managerial decisions on its implementation. In addition to this, the paper provides evidence that all oil and gas companies are currently using modeling as a key tool when making managerial decisions.

Conventional protection scheme of power transformer maloperation during abnormalities such as inrush condition, current transformer (CT) saturation during external fault and high resistance internal fault conditions. This article presents inrush detection based on an average angle of 2nd order derivative of differential current. The magnitude and phase angle of primary and secondary currents are estimated using a Modified Full Cycle Discrete Fourier Transform (MFCDFT) algorithm. Normally, during an internal fault, the differential current is well above the restraining current; however, the same condition arises during external fault with heavy CT saturation. Hence, a phase angle comparison based scheme is combined with percentage biased differential protection. During an internal fault, the phase angle difference of primary and secondary current is 90° for any external fault conditions. In the proposed scheme, 315 MVA, 400/220 kV transformer is considered for validation o...

JSC Almaz-Antey in the implementation of the integrated design of complex electronic systems, particularly radar systems, it is required to solve the problem of choosing and optimizing the design parameters of radar devices, including antenna systems, transmitter-receiver paths of radar systems (radar), algorithms and devices for digital generation and processing of radar signals, and radar systems in General. Currently there is no domestic computer-aided design systems that solve these tasks in the complex. Therefore, to solve such problems, the Concern’s enterprises are used by a number of disparate software solutions with their own development and their foreign counterparts. Due to the restrictions caused by the sanctions, the closed scope of the work, as well as in import substitution, highly relevant is the creation of CAD radar, allowing to solve the above problems in a continuous end-to-end loop design. The development of CAD radar conducted by the JSC Almaz-Antey, its subsidiaries and companies with expertise in the design of the radar, using their existing backlog. The paper shows the General architecture of a domestic computer aided design in full cycle end-to-end radar systems (facilities, stations); the concept of five levels of design in the system being developed and the basic requirements for the implementation of this concept. The specificity of the developed computer-aided design system is most pronounced in activity-based scenarios for the use of the designed product in terms of specific air and space attack and defense, and is implemented in the form of functional simulation of the fighting.

An original waveguide design has been proposed that makes it possible to carry out acousticemission inspection, diagnostics, and monitoring of industrial objects operating at temperatures above 85°С. The waveguide ensures higher heat-dissipation characteristics, with minimum acoustic losses, than the known clamped-type waveguides. Its application involves no changes to the test object and requires no special permissions from supervising authorities. The underlying physical operating principles, specific features of embodiment, application possibilities, and results of the full cycle of research into how waveguide design features influence heat-dissipation and acoustic characteristics are described. The use of such waveguides widens the application field for the acoustic-emission method as an express technique for evaluating the technical condition of high-temperature objects both during operation and before decommissioning them for technical diagnostics with the aim to identify active (hazardous) areas and include them into the program of testing with other nondestructive methods.

In recent years, much research has been performed in order to decrease fuel consumption, noise, and exhaust emission levels in internal combustion engines. In this study, the effects of excess air coefficient on performance and exhaust emissions (CO, CO2) of an HCCI engine fueled with primary reference fuel (PRF) were investigated for different intake air pressure and temperature values. The simulation studies were performed by using SRM Suite software. The chemical kinetic mechanism, which contains 138 species and 633 reactions that are embedded into the program, was used to simulate the combustion of the PRF fuel during the combustion simulations. The analysis covers the full cycle and provides data about induction, compression, combustion, expansion, and exhaust. The exhaust emissions, cylinder pressure, and heat release rate results were compared with the experimental data. The zero-dimensional software (SRM Suite) gives quite reasonable results compared with the experimental data, and it has advantages such as the shorter solution time and the unlimited chemical kinetic mechanism compared with the three-dimensional combustion simulation software.

Rosneft Oil Company PJSC (the Company) is developing a line of corporate software to solve a wide range of business tasks in terms of prospecting, exploration, development, construction and monitoring of field development. Creation of our own line of software will make it possible to implement a unified software platform covering the full cycle of field development and operation. An important area of the production chain is the stage of gathering, transportation and treatment of produced oil. Modeling of technological processes of the Upstream block is the basis for making decisions both at the design stage of surface facilities, and at the stage of operational support and management of the operation of these facilities. Currently, the modeling of processes during gathering and treatment of produced oil in the research institutes of the Company is carried out using third-party software. With the aim of developing its own technologies in the field of technological modeling, implementing innovative approaches in modeling, increasing stability in the current market environment, the Company is implementing a project to develop a corporate software package RN-SIMTEP. The simulator being developed is aimed at solving the following production tasks of the Company: design and optimization of the operation of oil and gas treatment facilities, risk analysis during the operation of surface facilities, and cost optimization in the design of facilities. This paper describes the basic principles and features that must be taken into account when creating such a complex as an element of the corporate line of software in the exploration and production block. The main methodological and architectural solutions used in software development, current results are shown, an assessment of the prospects for further development of the current project is given.

The article deals with basic modern theoretical and practical aspects of financial stability of mining and concentrating enterprises with full cycle of mining and processing of minerals. It was found that nowadays there is no clearly developed system of quantitative and target indicators of strategic management of sustainable development of modern mining and concentrating enterprises in conditions of economic instability. Results. Basing on the usage of key models of multiple discriminant analysis – assessing the probability of bankruptcy, we have developed appropriate recommendations that reflect negative trends of further development of certain mining and concentrating enterprise and likelihood of termination of his activity in the short term. Novelty . Obtained research results and relevant financial and economic calculations must be used in considered mining and concentration enterprises in order to improve the efficiency of their production and business activities, implementation of anti–crisis management measures and possibility of strengthening of competitive positions in the market of iron ore in conditions of uncertainty. Practical significance . Basing on systematic research, we proposed scientific and methodical approach to substantiation of impact of priority aspects of the development of mining and concentrating enterprises on the effectiveness of their activity taking into account the development of competitive strategies of support and efficient exploitation of deposits in difficult economic conditions.

This paper introduces a new approach for the design of planar six-bar mechanisms for the purpose of function generation. The structural error is formulated using the input-output relationship of such a mechanism. In addition to the conventional structural error, its derivative is minimised via numerical optimisation, leading to the novel concept of dual-order structural error , which lends itself naturally to a multi-objective formulation of the design problem. Furthermore, analytical conditions for the mobility of the mechanism are derived for two cases: mobility for the full cycle of the crank, and for any given subset of it, along with the identification of the kinematic branches. These conditions help confine the numerical search for the optimal designs to the feasible regions of the design space, leading to a very efficient computational scheme. The results obtained are better in accuracy as compared to the reported results in existing literature. The formulation and results are demonstrated in the context of the Watt-II and the Stephenson-III mechanisms.

Two-phase expansion devices are a practicable solution for improving the energy efficiency of heat pumps. The study of the fluid behavior in such machines has not yet been investigated in detail. In the present study, a radial piston expander was used in a heat pump operating with R134a in place of the throttling valve. Special attention was paid to investigate both numerically and experimentally the behavior of the fluid inside a cylinder within a full cycle of the engine, at different inlet thermodynamic conditions and rotational speeds. The measured indicated cycles were compared with those predicted by a quasi-steady model and a rather large difference between them was noticed. Therefore, a non-isentropic model to predict the in-cylinder pressure trend during the expansion phase at closed valves, developed on the basis of a model proposed for water at atmospheric conditions, was applied. The results achieved with the improved non isentropic model showed a significantly higher accuracy in predicting the experimental results along the expansion phase at closed valves, thus filling the gap registered with the full isentropic models, which lack in this part of the cycle.

The nuclear power plant is highly knowledge-intensive facility. With the rapid advent and development of modern information and communication technology, knowledge management in nuclear industry has been provided with new approaches and possibilities. This paper introduces a full cycle nuclear power plant knowledge management framework based on digital system and tries to find solutions to knowledge creation, sharing, transfer, application and further innovation in nuclear industry. This framework utilizes information and digital technology to build top-tier object driven work environment, automatic design and analysis integration platform, digital dynamic performance Verification & Validation (V&V) platform, collaborative manufacture procedure, digital construction platform, online monitoring and configuration management which benefit knowledge management in NPP full life cycle. The suggested framework will strengthen the design basis of the nuclear power plants (NPPs) and will ensure the safety of the NPP design throughout the whole lifetime of the plant.

In this paper, a very low complexity method is proposed to achieve a guaranteed substantial extension in the period of a popular class of chaos-based digital pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs). To this end, the relation between the chaotic PRNG and multiple recursive generators is investigated and some theorems are provided to show that how a simple recursive structure and an additive piecewise-constant perturbation inhibit unpredictable short period trajectories and ensure an a priori known long period for the chaotic PRNG. The statistical performance of the proposed PRNG is evaluated, and the results show that it is a good candidate for applications in which long-period secure pseudo-random sequence generators at a low complexity level are required.

The Kuroshio Extension (KE) jet transitions between stable and unstable states on interannual time scales. Cross-jet eddy mixing in the two states is contrasted in the KE region (28° – 40°N, 125 – 165°E), using a global eddying 0.1° configuration of the Parallel Ocean Program with online numerical particles. The four-year period chosen (June 1994 to May 1998) covers a full cycle of the stable state, unstable state and the transition period. Large values of cross-jet eddy diffusivities within the KE jet are concentrated in the upper 1000m. In the upper ocean, elevated cross-jet mixing within the KE jet is mainly concentrated in the downstream part of the KE jet, where the jet is weak but eddy activity is strong. The simulated time-mean KE jet is more intense and extends further east in the stable state than in the unstable state. Consequently, strong cross-jet mixing within the KE jet is located west of 150oE during June 1996-May 1997 (a typical unstable state), but east of 150oE during June 1995-May 1996 (a typical stable state). However, average mixing within the KE jet is indistinguishable in the typical stable and unstable states. In the deep ocean, mixing is strongly influenced by topography, and thus their horizontal structures have less inter-annual variability than in the upper ocean. One caveat is that results here cover one representative cycle of the two states. To obtain the climate mean mixing structures for the stable or unstable state, one would need numerical output covering a period much longer than four years.

Microwave sintering represents the coupling of multiple physical phenomena. It involves the distribution of electromagnetic fields, heat generation by electromagnetic effects, heat conduction in th...

Physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis added an element of certainty of benefit to the patient undergoing revascularization. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was the gold standard, with good reproducibility, correlation with noninvasive inducible ischemia testing and, most importantly, clinical benefit. Increased usage also brought into focus some limitations with respect to achieving hyperemia, assessment of sequential stenoses, drift, multivessel disease, chronic total occlusion, fidelity and accuracy of measurement and, in some cases, cost of adenosine. This set the background for nonhyperemic testing which eliminates the need for drug administration and simplifies procedure vastly.

The present paper describes the advanced methods of engineering calculation, design, simulation, analysis and production of parts and units of mechanisms and machines. In particular, special attention is paid to methods of full cycle computer-aided design on the basis of the mathematical software MathCAD (by PTC), SolidWorks CAD system (by Dassault Systemes) and additive technologies. The objects under consideration are non-conjugated toothed and rod-toothed gears. The paper presents the example of engineering design and the cycle of development of specimens and experimental models beginning from mathematical simulation of kinematics of gear meshing. The considered combination of software programs and design approaches will allow for swift developing of study guides or applied tutorials for training of engineers. The full cycle design is also the advantageous tendency in industry due to the reduction of the design period, and to the possibility to apply the advanced production technologies such as additive production.

We present the first spatial-spectral joint consistency network for self-supervised dense correspondence mapping between non-isometric shapes. The task of alignment in non-Euclidean domains is one of the most fundamental and crucial problems in computer vision. As 3D scanners can generate highly complex and dense models, the mission of finding dense mappings between those models is vital. The novelty of our solution is based on a cyclic mapping between metric spaces, where the distance between a pair of points should remain invariant after the full cycle. As the same learnable rules that generate the point-wise descriptors apply in both directions, the network learns invariant structures without any labels while coping with non-isometric deformations. We show here state-of-the-art-results by a large margin for a variety of tasks compared to known self-supervised and supervised methods .

If a common hacksaw blade is held between the palms and a gradually increasing compressive load is applied, it quickly collapses into a bowed shape. This is an example of column buckling; the blade fails as a structural element under compressive loads that are tiny compared to the compressive loads necessary to cause yielding of the steel blade. The chapter begins with the derivation of the buckling load of a pin-ended prismatic bar subjected to compression, known as the Euler buckling load. In theory, the bar can buckle into a one-half cycle sine shape (the familiar bowed shape), a full cycle sine shape, a one-and-one-half cycle sine shape, etc., with increasing corresponding buckling loads. These different solutions are called buckling modes. (As intuition indicates, the higher modes are unstable and the bar actually buckles in the first mode.) Analyses are presented of the buckling of bars with other types of end conditions, which can greatly affect the resulting buckling load. A concept known as the effective length is introduced. Suppose that a given column buckles in a particular mode and the buckling load is P. The effective length is the length of a column whose Euler buckling load equals P. In some cases, the effective length of a buckled column can be determined or approximated by observation and used to determine the buckling load. The final topic is the behavior of a bar subjected to eccentric axial loads, that is, loads that are a specified distance from the centroid of the cross section. Such bars do not buckle but assume a bowed shape whose maximum deflection increases with the magnitude of the axial load. An expression for the maximum compressive stress in the bar, known as the secant formula, is derived.

To prevent and control public transport safety accidents in advance and guide the safety management and decision-making optimization of public transport vehicles, based on the forewarning and other multisource data of public transport vehicles in Zhenjiang, holographic portraits of public transport safety operation characteristics are constructed from the perspectives of time, space, and driver factors, and a prediction model of fatigue driving and driving risk of bus drivers based on BP neural network is constructed. Finally, model checking and virtual simulation experiments are carried out. The result of the research shows that the driver’s fatigue risk during the period of 7 : 00-8 : 00 am is much higher than other periods. When the bus speed is about 30 km/h, the driver fatigue forewarning events occur the most. Drivers aged 30–34 years have the largest proportion of vehicle abnormal forewarning, drivers aged 40–44 years have the largest proportion of fatigue forewarning events, and drivers with a driving experience of 15–19 years have the largest overall proportion of various forewarning events. When the vehicle speed range is (18, 20) km/h and (42, 45) km/h, the probability of fatigue driving risk and driving risk forewarning increases sharply; and when the vehicle speed is lower than 17 km/h or 41 km/h, the probability of fatigue driving risk and driving risk forewarning, respectively, is almost zero. The probability of fatigue forewarning during low peak hours on rainy days is about 30% lower than that during peak hours. The probability of driving forewarning during flat peak hours is 15% higher than that during low peak hours and about 10% lower than that during peak hours. This paper realized for the first time the use of real forewarning data of buses in the full time, the whole region, and full cycle to carry out research. Related results have important theoretical value and practical significance for scientifically guiding the safety operation and emergency management strategies of buses, improving the service level of bus passenger transportation capacity and safety operation, and promoting the safety, health, and sustainable development of the public transportation industry.

Compressed natural gas can be globally used as fuel for combustion engines to reduce CO2 emission without negative impact on economy. Lack of refueling infrastructure is one of reason why NGVs shares only ~1.6% in total vehicle fleet worldwide. Operational tests of CNG home fast refueling station were performed to investigate: (i) natural gas demand, m3/h; (ii) energy consumption, kW/h; and (iii) total cost of one refueling. Two scenarios for operational tests were developed to monitor and collect data. Safety tests for leakage, fill pressure change, interrupted power and gas supply, temperature, and unexpected failures were performed. This article present results of operational and safety tests of compressed natural gas home, fast refueling station (CNG-HRS) based on one stage hydraulic compressor. The average duration of HRS full operating cycle was 7 h and 32 min (buffering and refueling mode). The average electric energy and natural gas consumption for one full cycle was 5.52 kWh and 7.5 m3, respectively. Safety tests results for leakage, fill pressure change, interrupted power and gas supply, temperature and unexpected failures demonstrated valid operation of HRS which positively affects the general safety level. To compare HRS with large scale CNG refueling infrastructure the costs of 1 Nm3 CNG was estimated for both solutions. Results shows that home refueling appliance might be become a solution for filling the gap in CNG refueling infrastructure.

Background Previous reports showed all diastolic resting indexes tested were virtually identical to the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). Although RFR has been also reported to be diagnostically equivalent to iFR, no comparisons have been reported about the prevalence and characteristics of discordance in diagnosis between diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) and resting full-cycle ratio (RFR). Purpose This study sought to determine the coronary pressure characteristics of lesions classified as discordant between dPR and RFR in angiographically intermediate stenoses. Methods We recruited 532 patients with 668 intermediate (angiographically stenosis between 30% to 70% severity) coronary lesions undergoing FFR assessment and analyzed DICOM pressure tracings of resting state (dPR and RFR) using a fully automated off-line software algorithm in a blind fashion. Diagnostic performance of dPR and RFR was evaluated using FFR as a reference. Furthermore, we investigated similarity and difference between dPR and RFR. Results Median FFR was 0.81 with an interquartile range of 0.74 to 0.87. RFR was highly correlated to dPR (R2=0.94, p0.80 and the FFR values were significantly lower in RFR+/dPR– than in RFR-/dPR-, and significantly higher in RFR+/dPR– than in RFR+/dPR+. (P Conclusion Significant difference in FFR values was observed according to dPR/RFR agreement and disagreement. Revascularization decision making might defer according to the resting index used. Compared with RFR, lesions might be more frequently deferred when dPR was used to assess physiological significance. Acknowledgement/Funding None

To mitigate the negative impacts of hydrocarbon fuels on climate change complementary decision tools should be considered when selecting or evaluating the performance of a certain production scheme. The exergy analysis can give valuable information on the management of the oil and gas reservoirs. It can also be used to calculate the CO2 footprint of the different oil recovery mechanisms. We contend that the concept of exergy recovery factor can be used as a powerful sustainability indicator in the production of the hydrocarbon fields. The exergy-zero recovery factor is determined by considering exergy balance of full cycle of hydrocarbon-production systems and defines boundaries beyond which production of hydrocarbons is no longer sustainable. An example of the exergy analysis is presented in the paper.