827 results on '"Fujita scale"'
Search Results
52. AIVF Codes Based on Iterative Algorithm and Dynamic Programming
- Author
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Hirosuke Yamamoto and Ken-ichi Iwata
- Subjects
Set (abstract data type) ,Dynamic programming ,Parsing ,Optimization algorithm ,Iterative method ,Fujita scale ,Computer science ,Code (cryptography) ,Construct (python library) ,computer.software_genre ,Algorithm ,computer - Abstract
This paper gives a methodology for optimizing AIVF (almost instantaneous variable-to-fixed length) codes based on two algorithms: The first algorithm is the dynamic programming (DP) technique developed by Dube and Haddad to construct a set of parse trees of AIVF codes. The second algorithm is the iterative optimization algorithm proposed by Fujita, Iwata, and Yamamoto, which can maximize the average parse length of AIVF codes. As a result, the proposed AIVF code achieves a longer average parse length than the known AIVF codes and Tunstall codes.
- Published
- 2021
53. Factors associated with injuries among tornado victims in Yancheng and Chifeng, China
- Author
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Fangjie Zhao, Wenya Yu, Qiangyu Deng, Lulu Zhang, Junqiang Dong, and Yipeng Lv
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Poison control ,01 natural sciences ,Suicide prevention ,Tornado ,Trauma ,Occupational safety and health ,Disasters ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Meteorological disasters ,Environmental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Injury prevention ,Influencing factors ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aged ,business.industry ,Fujita scale ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human factors and ergonomics ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,Tornadoes ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,business ,Empirical investigation ,Research Article - Abstract
Background As extremely violent meteorological disasters, tornadoes often cause serious casualties. The study aims to analyze the characteristics and causes of tornado injuries in China under certain humanistic and geographical conditions. Methods A random sampling questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to tornado victims from two separate occurrences: an Enhanced Fujita 4 tornado in Yancheng, and a Fujita 3 tornado in Chifeng. The information of demographic characteristics, disaster environment, and individual behaviors in victims was collected. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze influencing factor of injuries. Results A total of 94 valid questionnaires (participation rate 95.9%) were finally collected in Yancheng tornado and 67 valid questionnaires (participation rate 93.1%) in Chifeng tornado. Residents’ annual income (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.50, P = 0.005), degree of house collapse (OR = 183.12, 95% CI 8.04–4173.34, P = 0.001) have a significant impact on the probability of injury. Differences in tornado disaster drill awareness (P = 0.009), individual behaviors (P = 0.011) and fear level (P = 0.011) significantly affected the incidence of trauma. Whether victims were indoors or not has no statistical difference on injuries in China. Conclusions Our study clarifies risk factors and is conducive to the expansion of the investigation in tornado casualties. The government should improve the wind-resistance of residential buildings. Victims should participate in disaster prevention drills to take effective disaster avoidance actions.
- Published
- 2019
54. Review of avoidance of complications in cerebral aneurysm surgery: The Fujita experience
- Author
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Riki Tanaka, Ahmed Ansari, Sai Kalyan, Yoko Kato, Tsukasa Kawase, Yasuhiro Yamada, and Treepob Sae-Ngow
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medicine.medical_specialty ,indocyanine green ,Endoscope ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Parent artery ,Review Article ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Modalities ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Fujita scale ,endoscope ,microsurgery ,General Medicine ,Microsurgery ,Surgery ,chemistry ,Angiography ,Aneurysm surgery ,business ,Dual image video angiography ,Indocyanine green ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Avoidance of complications during cerebral aneurysm surgery marks the future outcome in the patient. Various modalities such as adequate opening of the Sylvian fissure, motor-evoked potential, endoscope-assisted microsurgery, indocyanine green dye, and dual image video angiography are available to reduce these complications during surgery, either by prevention of injury to the small perforators or the parent artery. We present our experience at the Fujita Health University Banbuntane Hospital, Japan, of the cerebral aneurysm surgery along with the use of these modalities in our patients from September 2014 to December 2016 along with a brief review of the various techniques for avoidance of complications.
- Published
- 2019
55. On the critical set for Fujita type blow-up of solutions to the discrete Laplacian parabolic equations with nonlinear source on networks
- Author
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Min-Jun Choi, Soon-Yeong Chung, and Jea-Hyun Park
- Subjects
Fujita scale ,Mathematical analysis ,Regular polygon ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,Function (mathematics) ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Parabolic partial differential equation ,010101 applied mathematics ,Computational Mathematics ,Nonlinear system ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,0101 mathematics ,Laplacian matrix ,Critical set ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in long time behaviors of solutions to the discrete Laplacian parabolic equations u t = Δ ω u + ψ f ( u ) with nonnegative and non-trivial initial data. In particular, we assume that the function f is convex only on a short interval and f ( α s ) ≈ f ( α ) f ( s ) for 0 α 1 , s > 0 , and we present a critical set depending on the function ψ in the sense that if f is in the critical set, then solutions blow up in finite time for any initial data, and if not, then solutions are global or blow up according to the size of initial data.
- Published
- 2019
56. A Cauchy problem of parabolic equations with time-dependent coefficients
- Author
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Hongyan Lin, Fengjie Li, and Bingchen Liu
- Subjects
Cauchy problem ,Variable coefficient ,Fujita scale ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,01 natural sciences ,Parabolic partial differential equation ,Domain (mathematical analysis) ,010101 applied mathematics ,Dimension (vector space) ,0101 mathematics ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study a Cauchy problem of parabolic equations with time-dependent coefficients. The critical Fujita exponents are determined by the exponents of components and dimension of domain...
- Published
- 2019
57. On a new species of Mirograpsus Komai & Fujita, 2018, from Vanuatu (Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae)
- Author
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Peter K. L. Ng
- Subjects
Geography ,biology ,Fujita scale ,Zoology ,General Medicine ,Macrophthalmidae ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2019
58. The theoretical scope of Fujita Shōzō’s later concept of contemporary totalitarianism: integrating ‘totalitarianism towards unruffled ease’ and ‘totalitarianism as market economy’
- Author
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Takamichi Sakurai
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,History ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Scope (project management) ,Fujita scale ,Political science ,Relevance (law) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Neoclassical economics - Abstract
My research explores the theoretical relevance of the Japanese intellectual historian Fujita Shōzō’s later concept of contemporary totalitarianism, the theoretical essence of which is captured by h...
- Published
- 2019
59. Asymptotic behavior of solutions to a class of coupled nonlinear parabolic systems
- Author
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Qian Zhou, Yan Leng, and Yuanyuan Nie
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Algebra and Number Theory ,Partial differential equation ,Fujita scale ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,lcsh:QA299.6-433 ,lcsh:Analysis ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Asymptotic behavior ,010101 applied mathematics ,Nonlinear system ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Dimension (vector space) ,Ordinary differential equation ,Critical Fujita exponent ,Blow-up theorem ,Initial value problem ,0101 mathematics ,Diffusion (business) ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper studies the Cauchy problem to a class of coupled nonlinear parabolic systems and investigates the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the problem. The blow-up theorem of Fujita type is established by the integral estimation and suitable supersolutions. Moreover, the critical Fujita exponent determined by the diffusion and the spatial dimension is given.
- Published
- 2019
60. Fujita-Type Blow-Up for Discrete Reaction–Diffusion Equations on Networks
- Author
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Soon-Yeong Chung, Jea-Hyun Park, and Min-Jun Choi
- Subjects
Fujita scale ,General Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Reaction–diffusion system ,Laplacian matrix ,Type (model theory) ,Mathematics - Published
- 2019
61. The sharp lifespan estimate for semilinear damped wave equation with Fujita critical power in higher dimensions
- Author
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Ning-An Lai and Yi Zhou
- Subjects
Fujita scale ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,Damped wave ,01 natural sciences ,Upper and lower bounds ,010101 applied mathematics ,Critical power ,Test functions for optimization ,Initial value problem ,0101 mathematics ,Critical exponent ,Heat kernel ,Mathematics - Abstract
This paper is concerned with the lifespan estimate of classical solutions with small initial data to the Cauchy problem of semilinear damped wave equations with the Fujita critical exponent. We establish the following sharp upper bound of the lifespan T ( e ) ≤ exp ( C e − 2 n ) in higher dimensions ( n ≥ 4 ) , by using the heat kernel as the test function. Then, together with the previous results, a complete result on the sharp lower and upper bound estimates is obtained in this case.
- Published
- 2019
62. On Intrinsic Quadrics
- Author
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Anne Fahrner and Juergen Hausen
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Quadric ,Conjecture ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Fujita scale ,General Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,14J10, 14J45, 14C20 ,Quadratic relation ,Fano variety ,Fano plane ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,010307 mathematical physics ,0101 mathematics ,Algebraic Geometry (math.AG) ,Cox ring ,Projective variety ,Mathematics - Abstract
An intrinsic quadric is a normal projective variety with a Cox ring defined by a single quadratic relation. We provide explicit descriptions of these varieties in the smooth case for small Picard numbers. As applications, we figure out in this setting the Fano examples and (affirmatively) test Fujita's base point free conjecture., 31 pages, references added
- Published
- 2019
63. Transition of meteorological variables while downburst occurrence by a high density ground surface observation network
- Author
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Hisato Iwashita and Fumiaki Kobayashi
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Scale (ratio) ,Meteorology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Fujita scale ,Mechanical Engineering ,Humidity ,Wind direction ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Downburst ,Weather station ,Temperature and pressure ,0103 physical sciences ,Environmental science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
A high density ground surface observation network has been realized by about 150 POTEKAs and has a resolution of approximately 2 km in Gunma and Saitama prefectures in Japan. POTEKA (POint TEnki KAnsoku in Japanese) is a compact weather station which can observe seven meteorological variables such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, pressure, humidity, sunshine and rain. In this observation network, the verification observation has been performed for about 5 years since 2013, and we have succeeded in observing 11 cases of downbursts and damaging gusts, which included 5 events in the F1 category (Fujita scale). By detailed analysis of the F1 downbursts which were accompanied by substantial damage (particularly the downburst on June 15, 2015), the transition characteristics of meteorological variables such as wind, temperature and pressure have been clarified while downburst occurrence. Moreover, we have been able to estimate the actual scale of a downburst.
- Published
- 2019
64. Structural performance of multi-story mass-timber buildings under tornado-like wind field
- Author
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Anant Gairola, Matiyas A. Bezabeh, Solomon Tesfamariam, Girma Bitsuamlak, and Marjan Popovski
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Planetary boundary layer ,Fujita scale ,business.industry ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Aerodynamics ,Structural engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,0201 civil engineering ,Structural load ,Deflection (engineering) ,National Building Code of Canada ,Environmental science ,Tornado ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Tall mass-timber buildings utilize engineered wood panels to form their main gravity and lateral load resisting systems, which makes them lighter and more flexible than buildings made from concrete, masonry or even steel. In general, drift sensitive components of tall mass-timber buildings could be susceptible to damages due to increased deflection when subjected to extreme wind storms like violent tornadoes. This paper assessed the structural performance of a multi-story mass-timber building, which was designed using the customary 1-in-50 years design wind speed of the 2010 National Building Code of Canada with a load factor of 1.4, under experimentally simulated tornado-like wind fields. In the study, wind loads were obtained from laboratory simulations of tornado-like wind field and atmospheric boundary layer flow at Western University, Canada. Tornadic wind loads from the laboratory tests were scaled to five Enhanced Fujita wind speeds, representing various levels of damage. Dynamic structural analyses were carried out in time-domain to include the possible amplification due to the dynamic component of the excitation and assess floor level inter-story drift and shear force demands for various parameters. The varied parameters were tornado intensity level, the orientation of the building (aerodynamic direction), and critical damping ratio. Based on the obtained results, the vulnerability of drift sensitive components of the study building under tornado-like wind field was estimated. It is shown that strong tornadoes may pose significant damage to drift sensitive non-structural components of multi-story mass-timber buildings. Finally, roadmaps to improve the design of mass-timber buildings in tornado-prone areas are forwarded.
- Published
- 2018
65. Fujita-type theorems for a class of coupled semilinear parabolic systems with gradient terms
- Author
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Guanming Gai, Mingjun Zhou, Yang Na, and Qiang Liu
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Critical Fujita curve ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Dimension (vector space) ,Semilinear parabolic system ,Gradient term ,0101 mathematics ,Large time behavior ,media_common ,Mathematics ,Algebra and Number Theory ,Partial differential equation ,Fujita scale ,Applied Mathematics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Term (logic) ,Infinity ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,010101 applied mathematics ,Ordinary differential equation ,Analysis - Abstract
This paper concerns the asymptotic behavior of the solution to a class of coupled semilinear parabolic systems with gradient terms. The Fujita-type blow-up theorems are established and the critical Fujita curve is determined not only by the behavior of the coefficients of the gradient term and the source terms at infinity, but also by the spacial dimension.
- Published
- 2018
66. Bases intelectuais da elite de pesquisadores brasileiros no domínio da organização do conhecimento
- Author
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Leilah Santiago Bufrem and Paula Carina de Araújo
- Subjects
Knowledge organization ,Exploratory research ,Library science ,Scientific literature ,Library and Information Sciences ,050905 science studies ,Information science ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Citation analysis ,Co-citation analysis ,Acoplamento Bibliográfico ,Sociology ,Produção científica ,Fujita scale ,Análise de cocitação ,05 social sciences ,Museology ,Organização do conhecimento ,Scholarly productivity ,Museums. Collectors and collecting ,Bibliographic coupling ,AM1-501 ,Elite ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences ,Information Systems - Abstract
This study aims to analyze the intellectual foundation of the literature on knowledge organization published from 1972 to 2018 by authors enrolled in the Research Productivity Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, in Brazil. The corpus of analysis is composed of 166 papers indexed in Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, which is a database that gathers the scientific literature published in Information Science journals in Brazil. It is an exploratory study that uses citation analysis as the methodological procedure, through author co-citation analysis and author bibliographic coupling. Fujita is identified as the most productive author, with 18 articles. Dahlberg is the most cited author, with 53 citations. The highest frequency of author co-citation is between Hjørland and Dahlberg; Tálamo and Kobashi. They are the seminal authors to the Brazilian scientists studied in this paper. The strongest relationships in the author bibliographic coupling network are between Lara and Bufrem, Lara and Guimarães, and Bufrem and Fujita. They cited 9 authors in common in the papers analyzed in this research. The conclusion is that there is an influence of European literature among the scientists addressed in this study. The results indicate the possibility of developing diachronic studies on the continuing influences of cited authors, especially from seminal authors, to analyze their permanence or transience over time. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a base intelectual da literatura científica no domínio da organização do conhecimento, publicada de 1972 a 2018 pelos pesquisadores com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico no Brasil. O corpus de análise é composto por 166 artigos indexados na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, que reúne a literatura científica publicada nos periódicos de ciência da informação no Brasil. Ao desenvolver uma pesquisa exploratória e usar a análise de citação por meio da análise de cocitação de autor e do acoplamento bibliográfico de autor, identifica Fujita como a autora mais produtiva, com 18 artigos, e Dahlberg como a autora mais citada, com 53 TransInformação, Campinas, 33:e200068, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0889202133e200068P. C. ARAÚJO & L. S. BUFREM 2 citações. A maior frequência de cocitação de autor é entre Hjørland e Dahlberg e entre Tálamo e Kobashi. Eles são autores seminais para os pesquisadores brasileiros estudados neste artigo. A relação mais forte na rede de acoplamento bibliográfico de autor é entre Lara e Bufrem, Lara e Guimarães e Bufrem e Fujita, que citam nove autores em comum nos artigos analisados nesta pesquisa. Conclui-se que há uma influência da literatura europeia entre os pesquisadores considerados neste estudo. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de realização de estudos diacrônicos sobre a continuidade das influências perceptíveis dos autores citados, especialmente dos autores seminais, para análise de sua permanência ou transitoriedade no tempo.
- Published
- 2021
67. Tropical cyclone activity over Madagascar during the late nineteenth century.
- Author
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Nash, David J., Pribyl, Kathleen, Klein, Jørgen, Endfield, Georgina H., Kniveton, Dominic R., and Adamson, George C. D.
- Subjects
- *
TROPICAL cyclones , *CYCLONES , *STORM damage , *FUJITA Scale , *WIND damage , *NINETEENTH century ,HISTORY of Madagascar - Abstract
ABSTRACT Tropical cyclones ( TCs) represent the most significant natural hazard for the economy and population of Madagascar. Planning for the impacts of future cyclone strikes requires a detailed understanding of the frequency of destructive storms in the past. In this paper, we utilise historical documentary materials to construct an initial framework of TCs making landfall on Madagascar during the latter half of the 19th century. The study focuses on 1862-1900 as this is the period of most extensive documentary records. Accounts of storm damage contained within historical sources are used to reconstruct TC tracks over land, with details of wind damage converted into Fujita (F) Scale classes to classify TC intensity. A total of 20 TCs are identified, of which only 17 are included within the IBTrACS dataset for the southwest Indian Ocean. The TCs of 13-14 March 1872 and 28 January-1 February 1893 were the most destructive of the late 19th century, with F3+ levels of wind damage identified from historical accounts. We compare our results with data for TCs within the IBTrACS dataset that made landfall on Madagascar during the period 1970-2012. This comparison suggests that (1) fewer TCs made landfall during the 19th century compared with the post-satellite era, but that of these (2) a greater proportion appear to have crossed the northeast of the island. There is no significant correlation between numbers of landfalling TCs and either mean annual SOI or DMI. We conclude with a consideration of additional archival collections that may be used in future investigations to enhance our chronology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. A climatology of tornado intensity assessments.
- Author
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Strader, Stephen M., Ashley, Walker, Irizarry, Ashley, and Hall, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATOLOGY , *TORNADOES , *REMOTE sensing , *LAND use , *ENHANCED Fujita Scale - Abstract
An increasing number of significant and violent tornado events in the United States have been documented and mapped at extremely high resolution by government, research and private entities using remotely sensed and post-event damage surveys; however, these assessments often generate inconsistent spatial measures of tornado strength, even for the same event. This investigation assembles a portfolio of contemporary tornado events that contain spatially comprehensive damage and/or wind velocity information from a diverse set of sources. Thereafter, the relationship between land-use/cover and tornado intensity is examined in order to quantify spatial measures of damage indicator bias in post-event tornado damage surveys. A climatology of both significant and violent tornado intensity assessments is then created, promoting the generation of synthetic, or model, paths with observationally constrained damage length and width metrics by the Enhanced Fujita scale magnitude. Results from the climatology and collection of synthetic paths are compared to previous observed, empirical and theoretical assessments, revealing differences in the spatial scale of the overall tornado footprint, as well as percentage contribution of swaths by Enhanced Fujita scale magnitude. The range of synthetic paths produced may be used to assess potential tornado damages to the population, the built environment and insurance portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. BLOW-UP OF SOLUTIONS TO PARABOLIC INEQUALITIES IN THE HEISENBERG GROUP.
- Author
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AZMAN, IBTEHAL, JLELI, MOHAMED, and SAMET, BESSEM
- Subjects
- *
FUJITA Scale , *NONNEGATIVE matrices , *PARABOLIC differential equations , *HEISENBERG model , *MATRICES (Mathematics) - Abstract
We establish a Fujita-type theorem for the blow-up of nonnegative solutions to a certain class of parabolic inequalities in the Heisenberg group. Our proof is based on a duality argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
70. Reproducing tornadoes in laboratory using proper scaling.
- Author
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Refan, Maryam, Hangan, Horia, and Wurman, Joshua
- Subjects
- *
TORNADOES , *DOPPLER radar , *WHIRLWINDS , *COMPUTER simulation , *KINEMATICS , *FUJITA Scale - Abstract
Experimentally simulated tornado-like vortices are related to field tornadoes in order to: (i) establish proper kinematic and dynamic scaling and (ii) attempt to determine a relationship between laboratory parameters and the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale). Data from recent in-situ Doppler radar campaigns are analyzed using the Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) method and a unique dataset of three-dimensional axisymmetric tornado flow fields is generated. In parallel, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) results of the most recent experimental simulations of tornado vortices performed in the model WindEEE Dome (MWD) are analyzed and then compared with the GBVTD-retrieved full-scale data. Based on these comparisons, the swirl ratio of the full-scale tornadoes, as well as the length and velocity scaling ratios of the simulated tornadoes are identified. It is concluded that the MWD apparatus can generate tornado-like vortices equivalent to EF0 to low-end EF3 rated tornadoes in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Influences of COVID-19 in a dementia outpatient clinic: experience from the Fujita-Health University Hospital in Aichi, Japan
- Author
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Hiroshi Yoshino and Hajime Takechi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Fujita scale ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,COVID-19 ,University hospital ,medicine.disease ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,Hospitals ,Psychogeriatric Note ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Japan ,Family medicine ,Outpatient clinic ,Medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Gerontology - Published
- 2021
72. Práticas de citação na Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil
- Author
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Murilo Artur Araújo da Silveira, Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos Santos, and Rinaldo Ribeiro de Melo
- Subjects
Knowledge representation and reasoning ,Fujita scale ,Knowledge organization ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Brasil ,Representation (arts) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Razão das citações ,Concepção Sociocultural ,lcsh:Z ,Management Information Systems ,Epistemology ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Práticas de citação ,Sociology ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,Citation ,Estudos de citação ,Information Systems ,Plural - Abstract
Objective: To analyze the production ways and the elements of distinction of the citation practices in the field of Knowledge Organization and Representation in Brazil from 2015 to 2018. The specific objectives are mapping the most productive and cited authors of the period in the domain of Knowledge Organization and Representation and identify the authors' citation reasons of the most cited authors as of their scientific contributions. Methods: It configures as a contribution of bibliographical and descriptive character. It uses the scientometric method through content and subject analysis techniques to demonstrate the motivations of the citation practices of researchers related to the domain of the Organization and Knowledge Representation. Results: The predominance of citation in national researchers is evident in the analyzed clipping, with emphasis on the author Fujita, M. S. L. and the author Guimaraes, J. A. C. Concerning the reasons for citations, the domain of the conceptual dimension stands out with 93.2%. In contrast, the social dimension appears with only 6.8% of the total occurrences. In the distribution of the reasons for the citations by categories, we can highlight the occurrences aimed at supporting statements and information, which received 1,148 mentions, as well as the reasons aimed at more theoretical and conceptual discussions, with a total of 902 linked reasons. Conclusions: Considering the forms of production and the instances of consecration pointed out by the binomial production-citation, from the results, the position of the most productive authors in the field reverberated in citations, with plural reasons and motivations concentrated on supporting arguments, exemplifying situations, cases, and points of view, as well as theoretical, conceptual and methodological definitions and clarifications.
- Published
- 2021
73. Fujita’s conjecture on iterated accumulation points of pseudo-effective thresholds
- Author
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Zhan Li
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Conjecture ,Fujita scale ,Iterated function ,General Mathematics ,Bounded function ,010102 general mathematics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,0101 mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
We show that k-th iterated accumulation points of pseudo-effective thresholds of n-dimensional varieties are bounded by $$n-k+1$$ .
- Published
- 2021
74. Worth the Wait: Evidence for Self-Control in Nonhuman Primates
- Author
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Michael J. Beran
- Subjects
Fujita scale ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine ,Delay of gratification ,Self-control ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Impulsivity ,Outcome (game theory) ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Self-control is defined as the ability or capacity to obtain a subjectively more valuable outcome rather than a subjectively less valuable outcome through choosing and then tolerating a longer delay or a greater effort requirement for obtaining that more valuable outcome. In this chapter, approaches to studying self-control (and impulsivity) in nonhuman primates are reviewed. These include tests that present intertemporal choices of smaller-sooner versus larger later-rewards, tests that assess delay of gratification, and other tasks that have been developed to measure self-control across primate species. The general performances of different primate species are described from tasks designed and used by Professor Kazuo Fujita and others for determining what affects whether nonhuman primates wait for better rewards or take more immediate rewards. The relation of these effects to what we know about human self-control also is explored.
- Published
- 2021
75. A general nonexistence result for inhomogeneous semilinear wave equations with double damping and potential terms
- Author
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Mohamed Jleli, Bessem Samet, Calogero Vetro, Jleli M., Samet B., and Vetro C.
- Subjects
Physics ,Inhomogeneous semilinear wave equation ,Potential term ,Double damping terms ,Fujita scale ,General Mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Global solution ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Term (logic) ,Space (mathematics) ,Wave equation ,01 natural sciences ,Critical exponent ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Settore MAT/05 - Analisi Matematica ,0103 physical sciences ,010301 acoustics ,Variable (mathematics) - Abstract
We investigate the large-time behavior of solutions for a class of inhomogeneous semilinear wave equations involving double damping and potential terms. Namely, we first establish a general criterium for the absence of global weak solutions. Next, some special cases of potential and inhomogeneous terms are studied. In particular, when the inhomogeneous term depends only on the variable space, the Fujita critical exponent and the second critical exponent in the sense of Lee and Ni are derived.
- Published
- 2021
76. Global existence and nonexistence for a multidimensional system of parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions
- Author
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Akram Alimov, Roman Parovik, and Zafar Rakhmonov
- Subjects
Iterative and incremental development ,Fujita scale ,Mathematical analysis ,Type (model theory) ,Diffusion (business) ,Multidimensional systems ,Parabolic partial differential equation ,Critical exponent ,Nonlinear boundary conditions ,Mathematics - Abstract
In this paper, we study the conditions of global solvability and unsolvability in time of solutions to the nonlinear diffusion problem based on self-similar analysis. We constructed various self-similar solutions of the nonlinear diffusion problem in the slow diffusion case. We established critical exponents of the Fujita type and critical exponents for the global existence of the solution. Using the asymptotic formulas as the initial approximation for the iterative process, numerical calculations are performed.
- Published
- 2021
77. Change of Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
- Author
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Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska, Mateusz Taszarek, and Leszek Kolendowicz
- Subjects
Geography ,Severe weather ,Fujita scale ,Climatology ,Thunderstorm ,Climate change ,Cool season ,Waterspout ,Tornado - Abstract
In this chapter, on the basis of meteorological observation series from 47 meteorological stations for the years 1951–2018 and data from the Scientific Station of the Climatology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow for the years 1901–2018, the analysis of the long-term variability and annual course of the thunderstorms occurrence in Poland was undertaken. The results of research on the occurrence of tornadoes in Poland for the years 1810–2018 were also presented, and the data used in the analysis come from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and historical sources. Additionally, long-term changes in meteorological conditions leading to the occurrence of thunderstorms and tornadoes were identified. For this purpose data from the ERA5 reanalysis were used. The results obtained revealed that the period of thunderstorm activity during the year became longer than at the beginning of the periods under consideration and shifts towards the first months of the year. It was also found that in the period 1951–2018 in the eastern part of the country can observe signals of an increase in the frequency of days with thunderstorms, while in the western part trends are rather downward. However, long-term variability of the thunderstorms occurrence during the period of over 100 years does not indicate a clear tendency of changes and only in the cool season the trend is increasing and statistically significant. It was also determine that tornadoes are really rare phenomena, but always occurring in Poland. Each year, on average 5 weak tornadoes, 1–2 significant tornadoes (up to F4 in Fujita scale) and 4 waterspouts are reported. At the same time, it has been shown that with the ongoing climate change, environmental conditions are becoming consistently more conducive for severe convective phenomena occurrence in Poland.
- Published
- 2021
78. Amodal Completion, and Recognizing the Meaning of Cognitive Diversity
- Author
-
Tomokazu Ushitani
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Cognitive diversity ,Visual perception ,genetic structures ,Fujita scale ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Amodal perception ,Meaning (non-linguistic) ,Visual processing ,Visual recognition ,Psychology ,human activities ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
Amodal completion is the visual recognition of occluded portions of objects that are partly occluded by other objects. In this chapter, I review comparative cognitive studies on amodal completion, with emphasis on contributions by Kazuo Fujita and his collaborators. This topic has been studied in many animal species, and diversity in the underlying visual processing mechanisms has been revealed in several cases. The importance of diversity in these and other comparative cognitive studies is discussed.
- Published
- 2021
79. Yoshio Fujita (1908–2013)
- Author
-
David H. DeVorkin
- Subjects
Fujita scale - Published
- 2020
80. Improvements to a Tropical Cyclone Initialization Scheme and Impacts on Forecasts.
- Author
-
Van Nguyen, Hiep and Chen, Yi-Leng
- Subjects
- *
TROPICAL cyclones , *CYCLONE forecasting , *ATMOSPHERIC pressure , *VORTEX motion , *FUJITA Scale , *WIND measurement - Abstract
This study makes improvements to the tropical cyclone (TC) initialization method introduced by Nguyen and Chen (i.e., the NC2011 scheme). The authors found that prescribing sea level pressure associated with the initial vortex using a modified Fujita formula has very little impact on the vortex structure and intensity during a series of 1-h model integration and relocation. On the other hand, inserting an artificial warm core makes the vortex spin up much faster. When a warm core is inserted during the initial spinup process, the computational time required for model initialization is reduced by ½-⅓. Because prescribed sea level pressure is not required to spin up the vortex, information on vortex size, such as radius of maximum wind, is no longer needed. The performance of the improved NC2011 scheme with an initial prescribed warm core during the initial spinup process is tested for typhoons that made landfall over southern China or Vietnam in 2006. Before landfall, these storms were over the open ocean where conventional data were sparse, without special observations. Two sets of model runs, with (NC2011-CTRL) and without (CTRL) vortex initialization, are performed for comparison. The initial and time-dependent boundary conditions are from the NCEP Final Analyses (FNL). There are twelve 48-h simulations in each run set. Results show that the vortex initialization improves TC track and intensity simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. Adjustments in Tornado Counts, F-Scale Intensity, and Path Width for Assessing Significant Tornado Destruction.
- Author
-
Agee, Ernest and Childs, Samuel
- Subjects
- *
FUJITA Scale , *TORNADOES , *ENHANCED Fujita Scale , *CLIMATE research - Abstract
The U.S. tornado record is subject to inhomogeneities that are due to inconsistent practices in counting tornadoes, assessing their damage, and measuring pathlength and path width. Efforts to improve the modern tornado record (1950-2012) have focused on the following: 1) the rationale for removing the years 1950-52, 2) identification of inconsistencies in F0, F1, and F2 counts based on implementation of the Fujita scale (F scale) and Doppler radar, 3) overestimation of backward-extrapolated F-scale intensity, and 4) a change in path-width reporting from mean width (1953-94) to maximum width (1995-2012). Unique adjustments to these inconsistencies are made by analyzing trends in tornado counts, comparing with previous studies, and making an upward adjustment of tornadoes classified by mean width to coincide with those classified by maximum width. Such refinements offer a more homogeneous tornado record and provide the opportunity to better evaluate climatological trends in significant (F/EF2-F/EF5) tornado activity. The median EF-scale (enhanced Fujita scale) wind speeds Vmed have been adopted for all significant tornadoes from 1953 to 2012, including an adjustment for overestimated intensities from 1953 to 1973. These values are used to calculate annual mean kinetic energy, which shows no apparent trend. The annual mean maximum path width from 1953 to 2012 (adjusted upward from 1953 to 1994 to obtain a common lower threshold), however, displays an increasing trend. Also, the EF-scale median wind speeds are highly correlated with . The quantity ( Vmed × PWmax)2 is proposed as a tornado destruction index, and, when calculated as an annual cumulative value, the three largest years are 2007, 2008, and 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. On the Significance of Multiple Consecutive Days of Tornado Activity.
- Author
-
Trapp, Robert J.
- Subjects
- *
STORMS , *FUJITA Scale , *MOORE Tornado, Okla., 2013 , *JOPLIN Tornado, Missouri, 2011 - Abstract
Motivated by the temporal behavior of recent high-end tornado events, a 30-yr historical record of tornadoes in the United States is examined for multiple-day periods of tornado activity. Comprising the 3129 tornado days during 1983-2012 are 1406 unique, nonoverlapping periods. Only 24% of these periods have lengths of 3 or more days. However, the conditional probability of such a multiday period given an outbreak day (OB; one with 20 or more tornado reports) is 74%, and given a significant tornado day [SIGTOR; one rated Fujita/enhanced Fujita (F/EF) ≥ 3] is 60%. Alternative ways of expressing these conditional probabilities all lead to the conclusion that SIGTORs and/or OBs are more likely to be contained within multiday periods of tornadoes than within 1-2-day periods. Two additional conclusions are offered: 1) SIGTORs and OBs have a relatively higher likelihood of occurrence during the latter half of the multiday periods, and 2) multiday periods have a relatively higher likelihood of occurrence during the warm months of April-July. A hypothesized connection, illustrated using reanalysis data from 2013, is proposed between such behaviors and the characteristics of the larger-scale meteorological forcing. Some speculations are made about possible relationships between multiday periods of tornado activity and convective feedbacks, extended predictability, and modes of internal climate variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Tornado Regime at the Belarus NPP and the Threshold Probability of Tornado Danger.
- Author
-
Bryukhan', F. and Potapov, A.
- Subjects
- *
TORNADO (Steam locomotive) , *HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL services , *NUCLEAR power plants , *STATISTICS , *FUJITA Scale - Abstract
Data on tornado passage are collected and analyzed as part of engineering and hydrometeorological research for the construction of the Belarus NPP. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the probability of a tornado passing through the NPP site is 2.94∙10 reactor-yr and the computed tornado magnitude is 2.5 on the Fujita scale. The main working characteristics of a likely tornado incorporated in the NPP design are determined. It is noted that it would be expedient to refine the threshold probability of tornado danger by taking account of the tornado loads on the NPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Dual-Wavelength Polarimetric Radar Analyses of Tornadic Debris Signatures.
- Author
-
Bodine, David J., Palmer, Robert D., and Zhang, Guifu
- Subjects
- *
TORNADOES , *POLARIMETRIC remote sensing , *FUJITA Scale , *REMOTE-sensing images , *WAVELENGTHS - Abstract
Statistical properties of tornado debris signatures (TDSs) are investigated using S- and C-band polarimetric radar data with comparisons to damage surveys and satellite imagery. Close proximity of the radars to the 10 May 2010 Moore-Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, tornado that was rated as a 4 on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF4) provides a large number of resolution volumes, and good temporal and spatial matching for dual-wavelength comparisons. These comparisons reveal that S-band TDSs exhibit a higher radar reflectivity factor ( ZHH) and copolar cross-correlation coefficient ( ρhv) than do C-band TDSs. Higher S-band ρhv may result from a smaller ratio of non-Rayleigh scatterers to total scatterers due to the smaller electrical sizes of debris and, consequently, reduced resonance effects. A negative ZDR signature is observed at 350 m AGL at both the S and C bands as the tornado passes over a vegetated area near a large body of water. Another interesting signature is a positive (negative) shift in propagation differential phase (ΦDP) at S band (C band), which could result from increased phase folding at C band. With increasing height above 350 m AGL, the S- and C-band ZHH decreases and ρhv increases, indicating a decrease in debris size. To investigate relationships between polarimetric variables and tornado wind fields, range profiles of radial and tangential wind speeds are obtained using two radars. Velocity profiles reveal radial divergence within vortex core flow through 700 m AGL collocated with the TDS. Formation of a weak-echo hole and higher ρhv in the vortex center aloft suggests debris centrifuging, outward motion of scatterers due to radial divergence (i.e., two-cell vortex flow), or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. Using of Information Environment Model for Development of Enterprises’ Economics Efficiency in Industrial Agglomeration
- Author
-
Sergey Rudyk, Volodymyr Kulivnuk, Oleksandr Hladkyi, Tetiana Shparaga, and Tetiana Tkachenko
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Economic efficiency ,Urban agglomeration ,Economies of agglomeration ,Fujita scale ,Business ,Information environment ,Industrial organization - Abstract
Using the information environment for investigations of additional enterprises’ economics efficiency on different territories become more urgent nowadays. It correspond with current investigations of Nobel Prize winners P. R. Krugman, E. Venables, M. Fujita and other world-known scientists, specialists in economic geography and regional economy. Location of the enterprise significantly affects its economic efficiency in modern market relations with a high level of competition. The areas of industrial agglomerations show the best conditions for huge development of additional enterprises’ economics efficiency. The proposed model of using the information environment is called for simplifying the way of using information environment data while developing economic efficiency of industrial enterprises’ in the frames of industrial agglomerations.
- Published
- 2020
86. THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE-VORTEX TORNADO STRUCTURE IN CAUSING STORM RESEARCHER FATALITIES.
- Author
-
WURMAN, JOSHUA, KOSIBA, KAREN, ROBINSON, PAUL, and MARSHALL, TIM
- Subjects
- *
TORNADOES , *CYCLONE damage , *WHIRLWINDS , *FUJITA Scale , *WIND speed measurement , *STORM chasers - Abstract
A large and violent tornado/multiple-vortex mesocyclone (MVMC) tracked east and northeastward near El Reno, Oklahoma, on 31 May 2013, causing eight fatalities, including storm chasers/researchers attempting to deploy in situ instrumentation. Subvortices moved within and near the MVMC, some in trochoidal-like patterns, with ground-relative translational velocities ranging from 0 to 79 m s-1, the fastest ever documented. Doppler on Wheels (DOW) measurements in one of these subvortices exceeded 115 m s-1 at 114 m AGL. With assumptions concerning radar-unobserved components of the velocity, peak wind speeds of 130-150 m s-1 are implied, comparable to the strongest ever measured. Only enhanced Fujita scale 3 (EF-3) damage was documented, likely because of a paucity of well-built structures and the most intense winds being confined to small, rapidly moving subvortices, resulting in only subsecond gusts. The region enclosing the maximum winds of the tornado/MVMC extended ~2 km. DOW-measured winds > 50 m s-1 (>30 m s-1) extended far beyond the radius of maximum winds (RMW) extending >5km (7km), comparable to the widest ever documented. A strong multiple-vortex anticyclonic tornado with dual-polarization debris signatures is documented. A subvortex tracking eastward within the larger tornado/MVMC intensified, moved north, and then moved northwestward, becoming briefly nearly stationary near/over a research team's vehicle, transporting it ~600 m generally eastward, killing the team. An experienced media team's vehicle was destroyed inside the tornado/MVMC, resulting in injuries. The circumstances leading to these incidents are analyzed using DOW data. The anomalous—and likely unpredictable in real time—path of the interior subvortex likely contributed to these deaths and injuries. The risks associated with chasing and scientific missions near and particularly inside large and complex MVMC/tornado vortices are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Reconnaissance of Buildings Impacted by the 2018 Tornadoes in Ottawa, Canada
- Author
-
Amira Gill and Aikaterini S. Genikomsou
- Subjects
Geography ,Fujita scale ,Storm ,Building and Construction ,Tornado ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Archaeology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
On September 21, 2018, two major tornadoes occurred in Ottawa, Canada. The most severe was an Enhanced Fujita (EF3) storm that happened in Dunrobin area. The second major storm took place i...
- Published
- 2020
88. Probabilistic Tornado Hazard Criterion for the Nuclear Facilities Siting Areas
- Author
-
F. F. Bryukhan and G. P. Barulin
- Subjects
Nuclear facilities ,business.industry ,Fujita scale ,Environmental resource management ,Probabilistic logic ,Climate change ,Environmental science ,Safety standards ,Tornado ,business ,Hazard ,Design characteristics - Abstract
Due to the significant potential danger of destructive effects of tornadoes on nuclear facilities (NF), national and international safety standards for NF provide for the study of the climate regime of tornadoes and the organization of appropriate protection of NF. An essential feature of the climate in recent decades is the widespread sharp increase in the number of hazardous weather events, including tornado occurrences. This fact determines the need for statistical processing of data on the tornadoes near NFs and assessment of their characteristics, taking into account the existing tornado hazard criteria for the NF siting areas. This study is focused on evaluating design characteristics of tornadoes using additional data on the tornado occurrences in recent years as well as predicting the risk of tornado hazard in the event of intense tornadoes. On the example of one of the tornado-prone zones in the former USSR, the probability of tornado occurrence was calculated. It has been established that the real danger of tornado impact on the NFs would be possible if two or more additional tornadoes of F5 Fujita scale pass across the survey area. Such a situation is possible with the current trend of climate changes. It is noted that there is a need to provide for the collection and analysis of new meteorological data in order to continue maintaining the existing records of registered tornadoes, as well as to expand the categories of industrial facilities that may be affected by emergency events.
- Published
- 2020
89. The Climatology of Significant Tornadoes in the Czech Republic
- Author
-
Oldřich Kotyza, Lukáš Dolák, Rudolf Brázdil, Zbyněk Černoch, Ladislava Řezníčková, Mateusz Taszarek, Petr Dobrovolný, Tomáš Púčik, and Kateřina Chromá
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,tornado fatality ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,documentary data ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,tornado damage ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,01 natural sciences ,Cape ,Wind shear ,dynamic climatology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Czech Republic ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Fujita scale ,tornado ,Convective available potential energy ,environmental conditions ,Documentary evidence ,Geography ,tornado intensity ,spatiotemporal variability ,Climatology ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Tornado ,Chronology - Abstract
In the Czech Republic, tornadoes may reach an intensity of F2 and F3 on the Fujita scale, causing &ldquo, considerable&rdquo, to &ldquo, severe&rdquo, damage. Documentary evidence is sufficient to allow the creation of a chronology of such events, from the earliest recorded occurrence in 1119 CE (Common Era) to 2019, including a total of 108 proven or probable significant tornadoes on 90 separate days. Since only 11 significant tornadoes were documented before 1800, this basic analysis centers around the 1811&ndash, 2019 period, during which 97 tornadoes were recorded. Their frequency of occurrence was at its highest in the 1921&ndash, 1930, 1931&ndash, 1940, and 2001&ndash, 2010 decades. In terms of annual variations, they took place most frequently in July, June, and August (in order of frequency), while daily variation favored the afternoon and early evening hours. Conservative estimates of human casualties mention 8 fatalities and over 95 people injured. The most frequent types of damage were related to buildings, individual trees, and forests. Tornadoes of F2&ndash, F3 intensity were particularly associated with synoptic types characterized by airflow from the western quadrant together with troughs of low pressure extending or advancing over central Europe. Based on parameters calculated from the ERA-5 re-analysis for the period of 1979&ndash, 2018, most of these tornadoes occurred over a wide range of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values and moderate-to-strong vertical wind shear. The discussion herein also addresses uncertainties in tornado selection from documentary data, the broader context of Czech significant tornadoes, and the environmental conditions surrounding their origins.
- Published
- 2020
90. Simulated Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Residential Structures Subject to Tornadoes
- Author
-
Michael Stoner and Weichiang Pang
- Subjects
structural performance ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Wind speed ,0201 civil engineering ,lcsh:HT165.5-169.9 ,fragility analysis ,Wind profile power law ,cross-laminated timber ,residential construction ,Cross laminated timber ,Roof ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,Fujita scale ,tornado ,Building and Construction ,Structural engineering ,lcsh:City planning ,Urban Studies ,Building code ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Environmental science ,Engineered wood ,Tornado ,load path ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) - Abstract
Tornadoes are some of the most severe and devastating natural events and cause significant damage to structures in the United States. Light-frame wood residential structures have shown vulnerabilities to these events, but they are not explicitly addressed in the design requirements due to their infrequent occurrence, relatively small impact area (compared to hurricanes), and complex wind profile. This paper explores the potential of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) to serve as a residential building material, specifically with regards to its performance in tornado events. CLT is an engineered wood product made when orthogonal layers of dimensioned lumber are glued to create panels. To compare the tornado performance of CLT buildings, six archetype residential buildings were each designed using CLT and light-frame wood in accordance to the appropriate US building code provisions and engineering principles. The capacity of each of the structural components was simulated using Monte Carlo Simulation based on the panel spans and connections of the panel boundaries. In addition, the resistance to structure sliding and combined uplift and overturning was simulated using engineering principles based on the load path of a CLT residential structure. Analysis of tornado induced wind loading was performed using recommendations from the 2016 ASCE-7 commentary and applicable literature that attempts to account for the wind-induced pressures caused by tornadoes. Fragility analysis was performed to determine the probability of failure for a given estimated tornado wind-speed. When compared to the wind speeds of the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, the CLT residential archetypes showed wind speeds resulting in 10% probability of failure were in the range of EF-4 level events. Factors such as the connection spacing, and roof panel spans had the most significant effect on the simulated performance of the residential archetypes. Thicker panels, more robust connections, or tighter connection spacing could also lead to residential CLT structures that withstand EF-5 level events.
- Published
- 2020
91. Fujita’s Freeness Conjecture for T-Varieties of Complexity One
- Author
-
Nathan Ilten and Klaus Altmann
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Conjecture ,Mathematics::Commutative Algebra ,Mathematics::Complex Variables ,Mathematics::Operator Algebras ,Fujita scale ,General Mathematics ,Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs ,Gravitational singularity ,14C20 ,14M25 ,Mathematics - Abstract
We prove Fujita’s freeness conjecture for Gorenstein complexity-one $T$ -varieties with rational singularities.
- Published
- 2020
92. A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Phedimus for Tracing the Origin of 'Tottori Fujita' Cultivars
- Author
-
Tae Hoon Kim, Jung Sung Kim, and Sung Kyung Han
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Aizoon ,Plant Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Monophyly ,Genus ,origin ,phedimus takesimensis ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,molecular phylogeny ,Ecology ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Fujita scale ,fungi ,Botany ,food and beverages ,Phedimus takesimensis ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,QK1-989 ,Molecular phylogenetics ,cultivar - Abstract
It is very important to confirm and understand the genetic background of cultivated plants used in multiple applications. The genetic background is the history of crossing between maternal and paternal plants to generate a cultivated plant. If the plant in question was generated from a simple origin and not complicated crossing, we can easily confirm the history using a phylogenetic tree based on molecular data. This study was conducted to trace the origin of &ldquo, Tottori Fujita 1gou&rdquo, and &ldquo, Tottori Fujita 2gou&rdquo, which are registered as cultivars originating from Phedimus kamtschaticus. To investigate the phylogenetic position of these cultivars, the backbone tree of the genus Phedimus needed to be further constructed because it retains inarticulate phylogenetic relationships among the wild species. We performed molecular phylogenetic analysis for P. kamtschaticus, Phedimus takesimensis, Phedimus aizoon, and Phedimus middendorffianus, which are assumed as the species of origin for &ldquo, The molecular phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and psbA-trnH sequences showed the monophyly of the genus Phedimus, with P. takesimensis forming a single clade. However, P. kamtschaticus and P. aizoon were scattered in the tree. It was verified that &ldquo, were embedded in a clade with P. takesimensis and not P. kamtschaticus. Therefore, origination from P. takesimensis was strongly supported. Based on these results, molecular phylogenetic analysis is suggested as a powerful tool for clearly tracing the origin of cultivated plants.
- Published
- 2020
93. Paul Krugman: contributions to Geography and Trade
- Author
-
José Gaspar and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Returns to scale ,Paul Krugman ,Trade theory ,Fujita scale ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Distribution (economics) ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Neoclassical economics ,Increasing returns ,New economic geography ,Urban Studies ,Work (electrical) ,New trade theory ,business ,050703 geography ,Demography - Abstract
This work consists of a survey of the academic work of Paul Robin Krugman. It seeks to shed light on his main contributions to economic theory, mainly those for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008. His legacy in academia can be assessed through the recognition of his work on the identification of international trade patterns and the explanation on why spatial imbalances in the distribution of economic activities arise in an increasingly globalized economy. Through these contributions to trade theory and economic geography, Krugman is often credited as being one of the pioneering researchers in the New Trade Theory and the founding father (together with Masahisa Fujita) of the New Economic Geography.
- Published
- 2020
94. Assessment of the Tornado Impact on the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement
- Author
-
Perelmuter, Anatoly
- Subjects
nuclear plant ,торнадо ,модель вихря Ренкина ,атомная электростанция ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,расчетная скорость ветра ,Fujita scale ,design-basis tornado wind speed ,Rankine combined vortex model ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,lcsh:TH1-9745 ,lcsh:Building construction ,шкала Фуджиты - Abstract
All the nuclear facility structures must be analyzed for tornado loads. This analysis was per-formed when designing the New Safe Confinement over the ruined Chernobyl power unit (NSC ChNPP). The standard methods of tornado analysis could not be applied due to its large size and geometric shape. Therefore, it was necessary to develop new calculation methods. The paper provides detailed information on the performed calculations and describes the conservative assumptions made when there was not enough information. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the gained experience of performing such an analysis of this unique structure, which may be of some interest. The following two complex problems are considered: • establishing the design tornado parameters; • developing an engineering methodology for the tornado analysis. Moreover, questions are formulated that should be clarified when carrying out similar designs., Проверка конструкций на воздействие торнадо для объектов атомной энергетики яв-ляется обязательной процедурой. Эта проверка выполнялась при проектировании Нового безопасно-го конфайнмента над разрушенным энергоблоком Чернобыльской атомной станции (NCC ChNP). Размеры и геометрическая форма этого объекта сильно отличаются от обычных сооружений, для ко-торых накоплен определенный опыт расчетов на действие торнадо. Это привело к необходимости поиска соответствующих приемов расчета. В статье приводятся детальные сведения относительно выполненных расчетов и отмечаются решения, принимавшиеся при недостатке необходимой инфор-мации в запас надежности. Опыт выполнения расчетов, связанных с учетом возможной нагрузки от торнадо на это уникальное сооружение, может представить определенный интерес. Целью этой работы является анализ накоп-ленного опыта. Речь идет о решении двух сложных задач: • установка параметров торнадо, которые должны быть приняты для проектирования; • разработка инженерной методики расчета на действие торнадо. В статье рассказывается о том, как упомянутые задачи решались на практике. В дополнение к описанию использованных приемов расчета сформулированы вопросы, которые следовало бы уточ-нить при проведении аналогичных проектных работ.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. An Abstract on the Effects of Psychological Distance on Nostalgic Cultural Brands and Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: A Construal Level Theory Perspective
- Author
-
Gerardo J. Moreira and Cuauhtemoc Luna-Nevarez
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Fujita scale ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Immigration ,Construal level theory ,Market place ,Sociology ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Nostalgic cultural brands and products are impacting the market place due to the increasing levels of immigration (Bundas 2018; Hernandez 2014). A manner in which immigrants can be transported back to their home country is through consumption of nostalgic cultural brands. Their memories are a way to reconnect with their home country (Bray 2014; Fujita et al. 2006). Nostalgia oftentimes serves as a strong driver in their decision-making when choosing products (Guzman and Paswan 2009; Sierra and McQuitty 2007).
- Published
- 2020
96. An Archipelagic Enunciation from Okinawa Island
- Author
-
Ayano Ginoza
- Subjects
Archipelagic state ,History ,Fujita scale ,Field (Bourdieu) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Subject (philosophy) ,Environmental ethics ,Conversation ,Autonomy ,media_common - Abstract
In this chapter, I educidate three keywords, tojisha (those primarily affected), jiritsu (autonomy), and shutai (subject) that are crucial for conceptualizing a field that Yoko Fujita calls a "reginal science for small islands" which has potentials of contributing to the ongoing effort of developing island studies methodologies. By doing so, this chapter engages in a conversation with the field of island studies and Okinawan studies through the interdiciplinary lenses of gender and nation.
- Published
- 2020
97. Global/Local Chirality and Global/Local RS-Stereogenicity for Characterizing [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivatives as Stereogenic Planes
- Author
-
Shinsaku Fujita
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Fujita scale ,Stereochemistry ,Chemistry ,Global local ,Stereoisomerism ,General Chemistry ,Planar chirality ,010402 general chemistry ,Chirality (chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Stereocenter - Abstract
The conceptual difference between RS-stereoisomerism and stereoisomerism as well as between RS-stereogenicity and stereogenicity is discussed according to Fujita’s stereoisogram approach (S. Fujita...
- Published
- 2018
98. Metal-Directed Assembly and Metal-Organic Frameworks: ICS Symposium Honoring Wolf Prize Laureates Makoto Fujita and Omar M. Yaghi, May 30, 2018, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Author
-
Ehud Keinan
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Fujita scale ,Chemistry ,Art history ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2018
99. Improved near-surface wind speed characterization using damage patterns
- Author
-
Franklin T. Lombardo and Daniel M. Rhee
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Fujita scale ,Mechanical Engineering ,Rankine vortex ,020101 civil engineering ,Storm ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,Wind engineering ,0201 civil engineering ,Fragility ,Environmental science ,Tornado ,Scale (map) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Tornadoes have caused significant damage and casualties in the past decades. These losses have spurred efforts toward tornado-based design, which requires an accurate estimate of the near-surface tornadic wind speeds. Due to the difficulty of obtaining in-situ measurements and various issues regarding Enhance Fujita (EF) scale, a promising method of estimating near-surface wind speed based on damage inflicted is developed. The method utilizes fall directions of trees and other objects with distinct fall patterns to describe the characteristics of the tornado and other wind storms. The observed fall patterns are used to estimate Rankine vortex parameters and reproduce near-surface wind field. The wind field then can be compared to structural damage as an independent method. The near-surface wind speeds of different tornado cases were estimated using this method, one of which (Sidney, IL) exhibited ‘crop-fall’ patterns and yet another (Naplate, IL) caused damage to trees and other infrastructures such as street signs. Based on the damage to structures and estimated wind speeds from tree-fall analysis, empirical fragility curves are also developed, which allows to interpret the vulnerability to tornadoes. The entire process of wind speed, wind load, structural resistance and ultimately how to mitigate damage then can be better understood.
- Published
- 2018
100. Global industrial park research trends: a bibliometric analysis from 1987 to 2016
- Author
-
Tao Zeng, Jingyao Wu, and Chenxi Li
- Subjects
Bibliometric analysis ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fujita scale ,Research ,Science Citation Index ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Field (geography) ,Social Sciences Citation Index ,Hot topics ,Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities ,Bibliometrics ,Terminology as Topic ,Industrial park ,Political science ,Regional science ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Industrial parks, which are characterized as a group of industrial businesses designed to meet the concomitant demands of different organizations within an area, have played an important role in the national development strategies of many countries. Industrial parks have received increasingly more attention over time. Nevertheless, few scholars have visually analyzed global scientific data. This paper quantitatively and visually examines global academic research papers on industrial parks from 1987 to 2016 by using a bibliometric analysis. A total of 1823 papers from Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index databases were analyzed. The distributions of authorship, keywords, countries/territories, and institutes were generated. According to data from Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index databases, the top five most productive authors (i.e., Geng Y. with 22 articles, Fujita T. with 17, El-Halwagi M.M. with 15, Zhang Y. with 14, and Tan R.R. with 12) have contributed significantly to industrial park research. Papers on industrial park research have mainly been from China, the USA, and Taiwan. The dominant keywords from industrial park research from 1987 to 2016 are "China", "system", "heavy metal", and "eco-industrial park". These keywords will be the hot topics in industrial park research in the future. The research findings can provide a reference for understanding the research development process and trends in analyses in the field of industrial parks.
- Published
- 2019
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