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51. Multispecies forest plantations outyield monocultures across a broad range of conditions

Author

Feng, Yuhao, Schmid, Bernhard, Loreau, Michel, Forrester, David I, Fei, Songlin, Zhu, Jianxiao, Tang, Zhiyao, Zhu, Jiangling, Hong, Pubin, Ji, Chengjun, Shi, Yue, Su, Haojie, Xiong, Xinyu, Xiao, Jian, Wang, Shaopeng, Fang, Jingyun, University of Zurich, Wang, Shaopeng, and Fang, Jingyun

Subjects
1000 Multidisciplinary, 10122 Institute of Geography, Multidisciplinary, 910 Geography & travel
Abstract

Multispecies tree planting has long been applied in forestry and landscape restoration in the hope of providing better timber production and ecosystem services; however, a systematic assessment of its effectiveness is lacking. We compiled a global dataset of matched single-species and multispecies plantations to evaluate the impact of multispecies planting on stand growth. Average tree height, diameter at breast height, and aboveground biomass were 5.4, 6.8, and 25.5% higher, respectively, in multispecies stands compared with single-species stands. These positive effects were mainly the result of interspecific complementarity and were modulated by differences in leaf morphology and leaf life span, stand age, planting density, and temperature. Our results have implications for designing afforestation and reforestation strategies and bridging experimental studies of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships with real-world practices.

Published
2022

53. Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems

Author

Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Ewel, John J., Isbell, Forest, Koricheva, Julia, Parrotta, John A., Auge, Harald, Erickson, Heather E., Forrester, David I., Hector, Andy, Joshi, Jasmin, Montagnini, Florencia, Palmborg, Cecilia, Piotto, Daniel, Potvin, Catherine, Roscher, Christiane, van Ruijven, Jasper, Tilman, David, Wilsey, Brian, and Eisenhauer, Nico

Published
2017
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54. Competition-Based Mortality and Tree Losses. An Essential Component of Net Primary Productivity

Author

Pretzsch, Hans, primary, del Río, Miren, additional, Arcangeli, Catia, additional, Bielak, Kamil, additional, Dudzinska, Malgorzata, additional, Forrester, David Ian, additional, Kohnle, Ulrich, additional, Ledermann, Thomas, additional, Matthews, Robert, additional, Nagel, Ralf, additional, Ningre, François, additional, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, additional, Szeligowski, Henryk, additional, and Biber, Peter, additional

Published
2023
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56. EuMIXFOR empirical forest mensuration and ring width data from pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) through Europe

Author

Heym, Michael, Ruíz-Peinado, Ricardo, Del Río, Miren, Bielak, Kamil, Forrester, David I., Dirnberger, Gerald, Barbeito, Ignacio, Brazaitis, Gediminas, Ruškytkė, Indrė, Coll, Lluís, Fabrika, Marek, Drössler, Lars, Löf, Magnus, Sterba, Hubert, Hurt, Václav, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lombardi, Fabio, Stojanović, Dejan, Den Ouden, Jan, Motta, Renzo, Pach, Maciej, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Ponette, Quentin, De Streel, Géraud, Sramek, Vit, Čihák, Tomáš, Zlatanov, Tzvetan M., Avdagic, Admir, Ammer, Christian, Verheyen, Kris, Włodzimierz, Buraczyk, Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés, and Pretzsch, Hans

Published
2017
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61. Effects of elevation-dependent climate warming on intra- and inter-specific growth synchrony in mixed mountain forests

Author

European Commission, Río, M. del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Vergarechea, Marta [0000-0002-8631-2982], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Alday, Josu G. [0000-0001-7510-8655], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Río, Miren del, Vergarechea, Marta, Hilmers, Torben, Alday, Josu G., Avdagić, Admir, Binder, Franz, Bosela, Michal, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Halilović, Velid, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Klopcic, Matija, Lévesque, Mathieu, Nagel, Thomas A., Sitkova, Zuzana, Schütze, G., Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Pretzsch, Hans, European Commission, Río, M. del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Vergarechea, Marta [0000-0002-8631-2982], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Alday, Josu G. [0000-0001-7510-8655], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Río, Miren del, Vergarechea, Marta, Hilmers, Torben, Alday, Josu G., Avdagić, Admir, Binder, Franz, Bosela, Michal, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Halilović, Velid, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Klopcic, Matija, Lévesque, Mathieu, Nagel, Thomas A., Sitkova, Zuzana, Schütze, G., Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, and Pretzsch, Hans

Abstract

Spruce-fir-beech mixed forests cover a large area in European mountain regions, with high ecological and socio-economic importance. As elevation-zone systems they are highly affected by climate change, which is modifying species growth patterns and productivity shifts among species. The extent to which associated tree species can access resources and grow asynchronously may affect their resistance and persistence under climate change. Intra-specific synchrony in annual tree growth is a good indicator of species specific dependence on environmental conditions variability. However, little attention has been paid to explore the role of the inter-specific growth asynchrony in the adaptation of mixed forests to climate change. Here we used a database of 1790 tree-ring series collected from 28 experimental plots in spruce-fir-beech mixed forests across Europe to explore how spatio-temporal patterns of the intra- and inter-specific growth synchrony relate to climate variation during the past century. We further examined whether synchrony in growth response to inter-annual environmental fluctuations depended on site conditions. We found that the inter-specific growth synchrony was always lower than the intra-specific synchrony, for both high (inter-annual fluctuations) and low frequency (mid- to long-term) growth variation, suggesting between species niche complementarity at both temporal levels. Intra- and inter-specific synchronies in inter-annual growth fluctuations significantly changed along elevation, being greater at higher elevations. Moreover, the climate warming likely induced temporal changes in synchrony, but the effect varied along the elevation gradient. The synchrony strongly intensified at lower elevations likely due to climate warming and drying conditions. Our results suggest that intra- and inter-specific growth synchrony can be used as an indicator of temporal niche complementarity among species. We conclude that spruce-fir-beech mixtures should be prefe

Published
2021

62. European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests

Author

European Commission, Bavarian State Forests, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Research Institute (Hungary), Government of Poland, Slovenian Research Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], de-Dios-García, J. [0000-0003-3706-3390], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Hoehn, Maria [0000-0002-3630-5485], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopčič, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Ordóñez, Cristóbal [0000-0001-5354-3760], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Río, Miren del, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-García, J., Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lévesque, Mathieu, Lombardi, Fabio, Matović, Bratislav, Ordóñez, Cristóbal, Petráš, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Stojanovic, Dejan, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Versace, Soraya, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, European Commission, Bavarian State Forests, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Forest Research Institute (Hungary), Government of Poland, Slovenian Research Agency, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Pach, Maciej [0000-0002-9833-867X], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bellan, Michal [0000-0001-9602-4629], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bravo, Felipe [0000-0001-7348-6695], de-Dios-García, J. [0000-0003-3706-3390], Dinca, Lucian [0000-0003-0399-3688], Drozdowski, Stanisław [0000-0002-1253-7281], Giammarchi, Francesco [0000-0003-3999-3583], Hoehn, Maria [0000-0002-3630-5485], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopčič, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Kurylyak, Viktor [0000-0002-8647-6514], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Ordóñez, Cristóbal [0000-0001-5354-3760], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro [0000-0001-5299-6063], Skrzyszewski, Jerzy [0000-0003-4330-5827], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Uhl, Enno, Bielak, Kamil, Bosela, Michal, Río, Miren del, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Nagel, Thomas A., Pach, Maciej, Avdagić, Admir, Bellan, Michal, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bravo, Felipe, de-Dios-García, J., Dinca, Lucian, Drozdowski, Stanisław, Giammarchi, Francesco, Hoehn, Maria, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Kurylyak, Viktor, Lévesque, Mathieu, Lombardi, Fabio, Matović, Bratislav, Ordóñez, Cristóbal, Petráš, Rudolf, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Stojanovic, Dejan, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Versace, Soraya, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for

Published
2021

64. Author Correction: Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems

Author

Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Ewel, John J., Isbell, Forest, Koricheva, Julia, Parrotta, John A., Auge, Harald, Erickson, Heather E., Forrester, David I., Hector, Andy, Joshi, Jasmin, Montagnini, Florencia, Palmborg, Cecilia, Piotto, Daniel, Potvin, Catherine, Roscher, Christiane, van Ruijven, Jasper, Tilman, David, Wilsey, Brian, and Eisenhauer, Nico

Published
2019
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65. Variation in Growth, Wood Density, and Stem Taper Along the Stem in Self-Thinning Stands of Sassafras tzumu

Author

Diao, Songfeng, Sun, Honggang, Forrester, David I., Soares, Alvaro A. V., Protásio, Thiago P., and Jiang, Jingmin

Subjects
Plant Science
Abstract

Silvicultural practices greatly improve the economic value of wood products from forests. Stem dimensions, wood density, and stem form are closely linked to end-product performance. This research aimed to examine the effects of stand density and stem height on variables that reflect ring growth and wood properties of Sassafras tzumu stands during the self-thinning phase. Between the ages of 10 and 40 years, the number of stems per hectare has declined from 1,068 to 964 due to density-dependent mortality. As the relative stand density decreased, there were significant reductions in the average tree ring width (5.07–3.51 mm) and increases in latewood proportions (49.88–53.49%) and the density of the annual growth ring (165.60–708.58 kg/m3). Therefore, ring density, earlywood density, and latewood density increased with decreasing relative stand density after self-thinning occurred. Ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width significantly increased from the base to the apex of the stem. Stand density and stem height had additive effects on S. tzumu wood properties during the self-thinning phase. A shift in the growth allocation along the longitudinal stem in response to self-thinning resulted in decreasing radial growth, increasing wood density, and improved stem form. In summary, we found a significant influence of stand density on tree ring growth, wood quality, and stem form of S. tzumu trees during the self-thinning phase.

Published
2022

67. Upgrading School Buildings in Mexico with Social Participation. 'The Better Schools Programme'. Centre for Effective Learning Environments

Author

Blyth, Alastair, Almeida, Rodolfo, Forrester, David, Gorey, Ann, Chavez Zepeda, Juan Jose, Blyth, Alastair, Almeida, Rodolfo, Forrester, David, Gorey, Ann, and Chavez Zepeda, Juan Jose

Abstract

This review of Mexico's Better Schools Programme was conducted in 2012 by the OECD Centre for Effective Learning Environments (CELE). In 2008, the federal government created the Programme to repair and improve the physical infrastructure of schools for basic education throughout Mexico. A key characteristic of the programme is social participation and the engagement of the each school community. The review team's recommendations offer lessons to all governments investing in educational infrastructure to improve the quality of education.

Published
2012
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70. Graphael: A System for Generalized Force-Directed Layouts

Author

Forrester, David, Kobourov, Stephen G., Navabi, Armand, Wampler, Kevin, Yee, Gary V., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Pach, János, editor

Published
2005
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72. Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in european mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries

Author

European Commission, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Biber, Peter [0000-0002-9700-8708], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Stojanovic, Dejan [0000-0003-2967-2049], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Biber, Peter, Avdagić, Admir, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bosela, Michal, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Lévesque, Mathieu, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Nagel, Thomas A., Río, Miren del, Sitkova, Zuzana, Schütze, G., Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, European Commission, Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Biber, Peter [0000-0002-9700-8708], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Lévesque, Mathieu [0000-0003-0273-510X], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Stojanovic, Dejan [0000-0003-2967-2049], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans, Hilmers, Torben, Biber, Peter, Avdagić, Admir, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bosela, Michal, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Lévesque, Mathieu, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Nagel, Thomas A., Río, Miren del, Sitkova, Zuzana, Schütze, G., Stajić, Branko, Stojanovic, Dejan, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Tognetti, Roberto

Abstract

In Europe, mixed mountain forests, primarily comprised of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), cover about 10 × 106 ha at elevations between~600 and 1600 m a.s.l. These forests provide invaluable ecosystem services. However, the growth of these forests and the competition among their main species are expected to be strongly affected by climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the growth development of spruce, fir, and beech in moist mixed mountain forests in Europe over the last 300 years. Based on tree-ring analyses on long-term observational plots, we found for all three species (i) a nondecelerating, linear diameter growth trend spanning more than 300 years; (ii) increased growth levels and trends, the latter being particularly pronounced for fir and beech; and (iii) an elevation-dependent change of fir and beech growth. Whereas in the past, the growth was highest at lower elevations, today’s growth is superior at higher elevations. This spatiotemporal pattern indicates significant changes in the growth and interspecific competition at the expense of spruce in mixed mountain forests. We discuss possible causes, consequences, and silvicultural implications of these distinct growth changes in mixed mountain forests.

Published
2020

73. The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, and Abies alba across Europe

Author

Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bartkowicz, Leszek [0000-0001-8989-6795], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Hobi, Martina L. [0000-0003-3537-9738], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben, Avdagić, Admir, Bartkowicz, Leszek, Bielak, Kamil, Binder, Franz, Bonina, Andrej, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Hobi, Martina L., Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Matović, Bratislav, Nagel, Thomas A., Petráš, Rudolf, Río, Miren del, Stajić, Branko, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Pretzsch, Hans, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Avdagić, Admir [0000-0001-5866-6946], Bartkowicz, Leszek [0000-0001-8989-6795], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Dobor, Laura [0000-0001-6712-9827], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Hobi, Martina L. [0000-0003-3537-9738], Ibrahimspahić, Aida [0000-0002-2682-6463], Klopcic, Matija [0000-0003-2619-9073], Matović, Bratislav [0000-0002-4664-6355], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Petráš, Rudolf [0000-0001-9229-7806], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Stajić, Branko [0000-0001-8542-3173], Uhl, Enno [0000-0002-7847-923X], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Hilmers, Torben, Avdagić, Admir, Bartkowicz, Leszek, Bielak, Kamil, Binder, Franz, Bonina, Andrej, Dobor, Laura, Forrester, David I., Hobi, Martina L., Ibrahimspahić, Aida, Jaworski, Andrzej, Klopcic, Matija, Matović, Bratislav, Nagel, Thomas A., Petráš, Rudolf, Río, Miren del, Stajić, Branko, Uhl, Enno, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, and Pretzsch, Hans

Abstract

Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares in Europe. Due to altitudinal zoning, these forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change. However, as little is known about the long-term development of the productivity and the adaptation and mitigation potential of these forest systems in Europe, reliable information on productivity is required for sustainable forest management. Using generalized additive mixed models this study investigated 60 long-term experimental plots and provides information about the productivity of mixed mountain forests across a variety of European mountain areas in a standardized way for the first time. The average periodic annual volume increment (PAI) of these forests amounts to 9.3 m3ha-1y-1. Despite a significant increase in annual mean temperature the PAI has not changed significantly over the last 30 years. However, at the species level, we found significant changes in the growth dynamics. While beech had a PAI of 8.2 m3ha-1y-1 over the entire period (1980-2010), the PAI of spruce dropped significantly from 14.2 to 10.8 m3ha-1y-1, and the PAI of fir rose significantly from 7.2 to 11.3 m3ha-1y-1. Consequently, we observed stable stand volume increments in relation to climate change.

Published
2020

74. Importance of tree species size dominance and heterogeneity on the productivity of spruce-fir-beech mountain forest stands in Europe

Author

European Commission, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Slovenian Research Agency, Torresan, Chiara [0000-0003-4529-4615], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Notarangelo, Monica [0000-0002-1968-8832], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Hobi, Martina L. [0000-0003-3537-9738], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Bartkowicz, Leszek [0000-0002-6493-7893], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Torresan, Chiara, Río, Miren del, Hilmers, Torben, Notarangelo, Monica, Bielak, Kamil, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bosela, Michal, Forrester, David I., Hobi, Martina L., Nagel, Thomas A., Bartkowicz, Leszek, Sitkova, Zuzana, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, Pretzsch, Hans, European Commission, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Slovenian Research Agency, Torresan, Chiara [0000-0003-4529-4615], Río, Miren del [0000-0001-7496-3713], Hilmers, Torben [0000-0002-4982-8867], Notarangelo, Monica [0000-0002-1968-8832], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Binder, Franz [0000-0002-5534-4594], Bončina, Andrej [0000-0002-2521-5564], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Hobi, Martina L. [0000-0003-3537-9738], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Bartkowicz, Leszek [0000-0002-6493-7893], Sitkova, Zuzana [0000-0001-6354-6105], Zlatanov, Tzvetan [0000-0003-4205-3429], Tognetti, Roberto [0000-0002-7771-6176], Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], Torresan, Chiara, Río, Miren del, Hilmers, Torben, Notarangelo, Monica, Bielak, Kamil, Binder, Franz, Bončina, Andrej, Bosela, Michal, Forrester, David I., Hobi, Martina L., Nagel, Thomas A., Bartkowicz, Leszek, Sitkova, Zuzana, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Tognetti, Roberto, and Pretzsch, Hans

Abstract

There is concern in the scientific community and among forest managers about potential reductions in the provisioning of forest ecosystem services due to the loss of tree species diversity. Many studies have shown how species diversity influences forest functioning, especially productivity, but the influence of structural diversity, such as tree size heterogeneity, has received much less attention. This study focused on understanding the relationship between stand productivity and several structural characteristics of spruce-fir-beech mountain forest stands in Europe. We used a dataset of 89 long-term plots in spruce-fir-beech forests distributed along the European mountains where the three species, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), represent at least 75% of the basal area. Site-dependent conditions were accounted for in a linear mixed-effect basic model, which related the stand productivity with the morphological, climatic and pedological characteristics. The influence of tree species diversity, tree size heterogeneity, species size dominance, and species overlapping in the size distribution on stand productivity was analysed by adding variables to the basic model one by one and evaluating the change in the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). The variables that resulted in significant reductions in the AIC, and that were not correlated with each other, were used to build a model to estimate stand productivity. The model showed that in spruce-fir-beech mixed mountain forests (i) when Norway spruce, silver fir and European beech are evenly present within the size distribution (high evenness) the productivity decreases, (ii) the stand productivity increases when the diameter distribution is skewed to the right (higher numbers of smaller individuals), (iii) the stand productivity increases as the proportion of basal area that is spruce increases, and (iv) stand productivity increases with t

Published
2020

75. A harmonized database of European forest simulations under climate change

Author

Grünig, Marc, Rammer, Werner, Albrich, Katharina, André, Frédéric, Augustynczik, Andrey L.D., Bohn, Friedrich, Bouwman, Meike, Bugmann, Harald, Collalti, Alessio, Cristal, Irina, Dalmonech, Daniela, De Caceres, Miquel, De Coligny, Francois, Dobor, Laura, Dollinger, Christina, Forrester, David I., Garcia-Gonzalo, Jordi, González, José Ramón, Hiltner, Ulrike, Hlásny, Tomáš, Honkaniemi, Juha, Huber, Nica, Jonard, Mathieu, Maria Jönsson, Anna, Lagergren, Fredrik, Nieberg, Mats, Mina, Marco, Mohren, Frits, Moos, Christine, Morin, Xavier, Muys, Bart, Peltoniemi, Mikko, Reyer, Christopher PO, Storms, Ilié, Thom, Dominik, Toïgo, Maude, and Seidl, Rupert

Published
2024
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76. Tallo database

Author

Jucker, Tommaso, Fischer, Fabian Jörg, Chave, Jérôme, Coomes, David A., Caspersen, John, Ali, Arshad, Loubota Panzou, Grace Jopaul, Feldpausch, Ted R., Falster, Daniel, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alves, Luciana F., Aminpour, Mohammad, Angoboy, Ilondea B., Anten, Niels P.R., Antin, Cécile, Askari, Yousef, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Ayyappan, Narayanan, Balvanera, Patricia, Banin, Lindsay, Barbier, Nicolas, Battles, John J., Beeckman, Hans, Bocko, Yannick E., Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Bongers, Frans, Bowers, Samuel, Brade, Thomas, van Breugel, Michiel, Chantrain, Arthur, Chaudhary, Rajeev, Dai, Jingyu, Dalponte, Michele, Dimobe, Kangbéni, Domec, Jean Christophe, Doucet, Jean Louis, Duursma, Remko A., Enríquez, Moisés, van Ewijk, Karin Y., Farfán-Rios, William, Fayolle, Adeline, Forni, Eric, Forrester, David I., Gilani, Hammad, Godlee, John L., Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Haeni, Matthias, Hall, Jefferson S., He, Jie Kun, Hemp, Andreas, Hernández-Stefanoni, José L., Higgins, Steven I., Holdaway, Robert J., Hussain, Kiramat, Hutley, Lindsay B., Ichie, Tomoaki, Iida, Yoshiko, Jiang, Hai Sheng, Joshi, Puspa Raj, Kaboli, Hasan, Larsary, Maryam Kazempour, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kloeppel, Brian D., Kohyama, Takashi, Kunwar, Suwash, Kuyah, Shem, Kvasnica, Jakub, Lin, Siliang, Lines, Emily R., Liu, Hongyan, Lorimer, Craig, Loumeto, Jean Joël, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Peter L., Mattsson, Eskil, Matula, Radim, Meave, Jorge A., Mensah, Sylvanus, Mi, Xiangcheng, Momo, Stéphane, Moncrieff, Glenn R., Mora, Francisco, Nissanka, Sarath P., O'Hara, Kevin L., Pearce, Steven, Pelissier, Raphaël, Peri, Pablo L., Ploton, Pierre, Poorter, Lourens, Pour, Mohsen Javanmiri, Pourbabaei, Hassan, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Ribeiro, Sabina C., Ryan, Casey, Sanaei, Anvar, Sanger, Jennifer, Schlund, Michael, Sellan, Giacomo, Shenkin, Alexander, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sterck, Frank J., Svátek, Martin, Takagi, Kentaro, Trugman, Anna T., Ullah, Farman, Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Valipour, Ahmad, Vanderwel, Mark C., Vovides, Alejandra G., Wang, Weiwei, Wang, Li Qiu, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Murray, Xiang, Wenhua, de Aquino Ximenes, Fabiano, Xu, Yaozhan, Yamada, Toshihiro, Zavala, Miguel A., Jucker, Tommaso, Fischer, Fabian Jörg, Chave, Jérôme, Coomes, David A., Caspersen, John, Ali, Arshad, Loubota Panzou, Grace Jopaul, Feldpausch, Ted R., Falster, Daniel, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alves, Luciana F., Aminpour, Mohammad, Angoboy, Ilondea B., Anten, Niels P.R., Antin, Cécile, Askari, Yousef, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Ayyappan, Narayanan, Balvanera, Patricia, Banin, Lindsay, Barbier, Nicolas, Battles, John J., Beeckman, Hans, Bocko, Yannick E., Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Bongers, Frans, Bowers, Samuel, Brade, Thomas, van Breugel, Michiel, Chantrain, Arthur, Chaudhary, Rajeev, Dai, Jingyu, Dalponte, Michele, Dimobe, Kangbéni, Domec, Jean Christophe, Doucet, Jean Louis, Duursma, Remko A., Enríquez, Moisés, van Ewijk, Karin Y., Farfán-Rios, William, Fayolle, Adeline, Forni, Eric, Forrester, David I., Gilani, Hammad, Godlee, John L., Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Haeni, Matthias, Hall, Jefferson S., He, Jie Kun, Hemp, Andreas, Hernández-Stefanoni, José L., Higgins, Steven I., Holdaway, Robert J., Hussain, Kiramat, Hutley, Lindsay B., Ichie, Tomoaki, Iida, Yoshiko, Jiang, Hai Sheng, Joshi, Puspa Raj, Kaboli, Hasan, Larsary, Maryam Kazempour, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kloeppel, Brian D., Kohyama, Takashi, Kunwar, Suwash, Kuyah, Shem, Kvasnica, Jakub, Lin, Siliang, Lines, Emily R., Liu, Hongyan, Lorimer, Craig, Loumeto, Jean Joël, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Peter L., Mattsson, Eskil, Matula, Radim, Meave, Jorge A., Mensah, Sylvanus, Mi, Xiangcheng, Momo, Stéphane, Moncrieff, Glenn R., Mora, Francisco, Nissanka, Sarath P., O'Hara, Kevin L., Pearce, Steven, Pelissier, Raphaël, Peri, Pablo L., Ploton, Pierre, Poorter, Lourens, Pour, Mohsen Javanmiri, Pourbabaei, Hassan, Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel, Ribeiro, Sabina C., Ryan, Casey, Sanaei, Anvar, Sanger, Jennifer, Schlund, Michael, Sellan, Giacomo, Shenkin, Alexander, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sterck, Frank J., Svátek, Martin, Takagi, Kentaro, Trugman, Anna T., Ullah, Farman, Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Valipour, Ahmad, Vanderwel, Mark C., Vovides, Alejandra G., Wang, Weiwei, Wang, Li Qiu, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Murray, Xiang, Wenhua, de Aquino Ximenes, Fabiano, Xu, Yaozhan, Yamada, Toshihiro, and Zavala, Miguel A.

Abstract

The Tallo database (v1.0.0) is a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. Data were compiled from 61,856 globally distributed sites and include measurements for 5,163 tree species., The Tallo database (v1.0.0) is a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. Data were compiled from 61,856 globally distributed sites and include measurements for 5,163 tree species. For a full description of the database, see: Jucker et al. (2022) Tallo – a global tree allometry and crown architecture database. Global Change Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16302. If using the Tallo database in your work please cite the original publication listed above, as well as this repository using the corresponding DOI (10.5281/zenodo.6637599).

Published
2022

83. Sustainable regeneration in uneven-aged mixed deciduous forests managed by selection silviculture: the role of demographic structure

Author

Brüllhardt, Martin, Rotach, Peter, Forrester, David I., and Bugmann, Harald

Abstract

Selection silviculture aims to create and maintain uneven-aged forests with a diameter at breast height (DBH) structure that is balanced at small spatial scales such that the stem number in each DBH class is high enough to replace the harvested and outgrowing trees over time by ingrowth from the next lower class. In these forests, natural regeneration of shade-tolerant species is at an advantage over shade-intolerant species. This is particularly pronounced in continuous-cover stands dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which develops its crown laterally as a reaction to release events. The conditions necessary to sustain a mixture with less shade-tolerant species, e.g. sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), have been little studied. Therefore, we explored growth patterns and stand structures in mixed deciduous forests with light availability quantified using vegetation height models. Harvesting and growth patterns were derived from inventory data of beech-dominated selection forests in Thuringia, Germany and long-term forest monitoring plot data from four stands in Switzerland. Based on these data, models of stem number distributions confirmed that stand basal area in deciduous forests dominated by beech should not exceed 21–25 m2 ha−1 to maintain a sustainable structure. In these forests, a total of ~90–120 stems per ha are needed in the ingrowth DBH class (DBH 8–11.9 cm) to ensure demographic sustainability. At canopy light transmittance 400 m2 (gap diameter > 22.5 m) to recruit successfully. Selection silviculture with shade-intolerant species therefore requires much lower stocking volume and larger canopy openings created by group selection cutting than what is routinely applied in practical forest management using single-tree selection principles., Forestry, 95 (2), ISSN:0015-752X, ISSN:1464-3626

Published
2022
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85. First name terms

Author

Forrester, David

Subjects
Literature/writing
Abstract

A. N. Wilson's review of the new biography of George V by Jane Ridley (October 29) is spoiled only by the anachronistic reference to H. H. Asquith as 'Herbert Asquith'. [...]

Published
2021

86. Temperature effect on size distributions in spruce-fir-beech mixed stands across Europe

Author

Condés, Sonia, primary, del Río, Miren, additional, Forrester, David I., additional, Avdagić, Admir, additional, Bielak, Kamil, additional, Bončina, Andrej, additional, Bosela, Michal, additional, Hilmers, Torben, additional, Ibrahimspahić, Aida, additional, Drozdowski, Stanisław, additional, Jaworski, Andrzej, additional, Nagel, Thomas A., additional, Sitková, Zuzana, additional, Skrzyszewski, Jerzy, additional, Tognetti, Roberto, additional, Tonon, Giustino, additional, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, additional, and Pretzsch, Hans, additional

Published
2022
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89. Maintenance of long-term experiments for unique insights into forest growth dynamics and trends review and perspectives

Author

Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Nagel, Ralf [0009-0001-2387-9033], Ningre, François [0000-0002-3855-4354], Nord-Larsen, Thomas [0000-0002-5341-6435], Biber, Peter [0000-0002-9700-8708], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Río, Miren del, Biber, Peter, Arcangeli, Catia, Bielak, Kamil, Brang, P., Dudzinska, Malgorzata, Forrester, David I., Klädtke, Joachim, Kohnle, U., Ledermann, T., Matthews, Robert, Nagel, J., Nagel, Ralf, Nilsson, U., Ningre, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Wernsdörfer, H., Sycheva, E., Pretzsch, Hans [0000-0002-4958-1868], del Rio, Miren [0000-0001-7496-3713], Bielak, Kamil [0000-0002-1327-4911], Nagel, Ralf [0009-0001-2387-9033], Ningre, François [0000-0002-3855-4354], Nord-Larsen, Thomas [0000-0002-5341-6435], Biber, Peter [0000-0002-9700-8708], Forrester, David I. [0000-0003-4546-3554], Pretzsch, Hans, Río, Miren del, Biber, Peter, Arcangeli, Catia, Bielak, Kamil, Brang, P., Dudzinska, Malgorzata, Forrester, David I., Klädtke, Joachim, Kohnle, U., Ledermann, T., Matthews, Robert, Nagel, J., Nagel, Ralf, Nilsson, U., Ningre, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Wernsdörfer, H., and Sycheva, E.

Abstract

In this review, the unique features and facts of long-term experiments are presented. Long-term experimental plots provide information of forest stand dynamics which cannot be derived from forest inventories or small temporary plots. Most comprise unthinned plots which represent the site specific maximum stand density as an unambiguous reference. By measuring the remaining as well as the removed stand, the survey of long-term experiments provides the total production at a given site, which is most relevant for examining the relationship between site conditions and stand productivity on the one hand and between stand density and productivity on the other. Thus, long-term experiments can reveal the site-specific effect of thinning and species mixing on stand structure, production and carbon sequestration. If they cover an entire rotation or even the previous and following generation on a given site, they reveal a species’ long-term behaviour and any growth trends caused by environmental changes. Second, we exploit the unique data of European long-term experiments, some of which have been surveyed since 1848. We show the long-term effect of different density regimes on stand dynamics and an essential trade-off between total stand volume production and mean tree size. Long-term experiments reveal that tree species mixing can significantly increase stand density and productivity compared with monospecific stands. Thanks to surveys spanning decades or even a century, we can show the changing long-term-performance of different provenances and acceleration of stand production caused by environmental change, as well as better understand the growth dynamics of natural forests. Without long-term experiments forest science and practice would be not in a position to obtain such findings which are of the utmost relevance for science and practice. Third, we draw conclusions and show perspectives regarding the maintenance and further development of long-term experiments. It would r

Published
2019

94. Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe

Author

Bose, Arun K., primary, Scherrer, Daniel, additional, Camarero, J. Julio, additional, Ziche, Daniel, additional, Babst, Flurin, additional, Bigler, Christof, additional, Bolte, Andreas, additional, Dorado-Liñán, Isabel, additional, Etzold, Sophia, additional, Fonti, Patrick, additional, Forrester, David I., additional, Gavinet, Jordane, additional, Gazol, Antonio, additional, de Andrés, Ester González, additional, Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, additional, Lebourgeois, Francois, additional, Lévesque, Mathieu, additional, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Neuwirth, Burkhard, additional, Nicolas, Manuel, additional, Sanders, Tanja G.M., additional, Scharnweber, Tobias, additional, Schröder, Jens, additional, Zweifel, Roman, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, and Rigling, Andreas, additional

Published
2021
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96. relationship between tree size and tree water-use: is competition for water size-symmetric or size-asymmetric?

Author

Forrester, David I, Limousin, Jean-Marc, and Pfautsch, Sebastian

Subjects
*TREE size, *WATER use, *PLANT-water relationships, *SAPWOOD, *SOIL moisture, *BASAL area (Forestry)
Abstract

Relationships between tree size and water use indicate how soil water is partitioned between differently sized individuals, and hence competition for water. These relationships are rarely examined, let alone whether there is consistency in shape across populations. Competition for water among plants is often assumed to be size-symmetric, i.e. exponents (b1) of power functions (water use ∝ biomassb1) equal to 1, with all sizes using the same amount of water proportionally to their size. We tested the hypothesis that b1 actually varies greatly, and based on allometric theory, that b1 is only centered around 1 when size is quantified as basal area or sapwood area (not diameter). We also examined whether b1 varies spatially and temporally in relation to stand structure (height and density) and climate. Tree water use ∝ sizeb1 power functions were fitted for 80 species and 103 sites using the global SAPFLUXNET database. The b1 were centered around 1 when tree size was given as basal area or sapwood area, but not as diameter. The 95% confidence intervals of b1 included the theoretical predictions for the scaling of plant vascular networks. b1 changed through time within a given stand for the species with the longest time series, such that larger trees gained an advantage during warmer and wetter conditions. Spatial comparisons across the entire dataset showed that b1 correlated only weakly (R 2 < 12%) with stand structure or climate, suggesting that inter-specific variability in b1 and hence the symmetry of competition for water may be largely related to inter-specific differences in tree architecture or physiology rather than to climate or stand structure. In conclusion, size-symmetric competition for water (b1 ≈ 1) may only be assumed when size is quantified as basal area or sapwood area, and when describing a general pattern across forest types and species. There is substantial deviation in b1 between individual stands and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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97. Effects of planting density and site quality on mean tree size and total stand growth of Eucalyptus globulus plantations

Author

Forrester, David I., Wiedemann, John C., Forrester, Robert I., and Baker, Thomas G.

Subjects
Vegetation dynamics -- Research, Plant spacing -- Environmental aspects, Tree farms -- Environmental aspects, Eucalyptus -- Growth -- Physiological aspects, Company growth, Earth sciences
Abstract

The choice of planting density is a primary silvicultural decision in plantation management which considers the trade-off between individual tree size and total stand production, affecting the type, quantity and quality of products throughout the rotation. Trends in size and production with planting density are generally well known, however, less so is the interacting effect of site quality. Consequently, a case study in which basal area and basal area growth of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations on five site qualities (122-435 [m.sup.3]*[ha.sup.-1]) planted at six densities (625 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 4 m x 4 m; 833 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 4 m; 1000 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 4 m x 2.5 m; 1250 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 4 m x 2 m; 1667 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 2 m; and 2000 trees*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 1.75 m) were used to investigate this interaction. As expected, both mean tree diameter of the whole stand and the basal area of the largest diameter 200 [treesxha.sup.-1] ([D.sub.200] trees) were higher at lower planting densities, whereas whole stand basal area was greater at higher planting densities. However, there were no significant (P > 0.32) interactions between planting density and site quality for [D.sub.200] or stand basal area, which contrasts with thinning responses in similar stands. This simplifies management considerations and suggests that trials at a given site quality may provide useful information about responses to planting density at other site qualities for the studied species. Resume: Le choix de la densite de plantation est une decision sylvicole importante lors de l'amenagement d'une plantation qui implique un compromis entre la taille des arbres et la production totale du peuplement, ce qui influence le type, la quantite et la qualite des produits tout au long de la rotation. En general, on connait assez bien l'effet de la densite de plantation sur la taille des arbres et la production du peuplement, mais ce n'est pas le cas de la qualite de la station qui pourrait interagir avec la densite de plantation. Par consequent, cette interaction a ete etudiee en analysant la surface terriere et la croissance en surface terriere de plantations d'Eucalyptus globulus Labill. etablies selon un dispositif comprenant cinq qualites de station (de 122 a 435 [m.sup.3]*[ha.sup.-1]) et six densites de plantation (625 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], espacement de 4 m x 4 m; 833 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 4 m; 1000 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], 4 m x 2,5 m; 1250 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], 4 m x 2 m; 1667 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 2 m; et 2000 arbres*[ha.sup.-1], 3 m x 1,75 m). Comme prevu, les plus faibles densites de plantation etaient associees a de plus fortes valeurs de diametre moyen de l'ensemble des arbres du peuplement et de surface terriere des 200 plus gros arbres a l'hectare ([D.sub.200]), alors que les plus fortes densites de plantation etaient associees a des surfaces terrieres du peuplement plus elevees. Toutefois, il n'y avait pas d'interaction significative (P > 0,32) entre la densite de plantation et la qualite de station pour la surface terriere [D.sub.200] et celle du peuplement, ce qui contraste avec les resultats obtenus a la suite d'une eclaircie dans des peuplements semblables. Ces resultats simplifient les facteurs dont l'amenagement doit tenir compte et indiquent que des essais realises sur une station d'une qualite donnee peuvent fournir de l'information utile sur la reaction d'une plantation de la meme espece en fonction de la densite, mais etablie sur des stations de qualite differente. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Planting density can strongly affect tree- and stand-level growth dynamics. At higher densities, stand leaf area and biomass develop more rapidly and the site is 'fully occupied' sooner. Peak [...]

Published
2013

100. Growth resistance and resilience of mixed silver fir and Norway spruce forests in central Europe: Contrasting responses to mild and severe droughts

Author

Bottero, Alessandra, primary, Forrester, David I., additional, Cailleret, Maxime, additional, Kohnle, Ulrich, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Michel, Dominic, additional, Bose, Arun K., additional, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Bugmann, Harald, additional, Cuntz, Matthias, additional, Gillerot, Loïc, additional, Hanewinkel, Marc, additional, Lévesque, Mathieu, additional, Ryder, James, additional, Sainte‐Marie, Julien, additional, Schwarz, Julia, additional, Yousefpour, Rasoul, additional, Zamora‐Pereira, Juan Carlos, additional, and Rigling, Andreas, additional

Published
2021
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